Lixfeld

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Lixfeld
Community Angelburg
Former municipal coat of arms of Lixfeld
Coordinates: 50 ° 48 ′ 25 ″  N , 8 ° 24 ′ 40 ″  E
Height : 444 m above sea level NHN
Area : 5.09 km²
Residents : 1179  (Nov 2015)
Population density : 232 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1972
Postal code : 35719
Area code : 06464
Lixfeld from the south
Lixfeld from the south

Lixfeld is a district of the Angelburg community in the west of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district in north-western Central Hesse, about 10 km northeast of Dillenburg .

geography

Lixfeld is located in the upper Gansbach valley, which drains into the Perf at Niedereisenhausen . The place borders in the east on the community Eschenburg (with the districts Hirzenhain and Simmersbach ) in the Lahn-Dill district and on the place Frechenhausen , which also belongs to the community Angelburg. The Angelburg television tower is located on the Angelburg mountain , which is around two kilometers away in a south-easterly direction in the Lahn-Dill district in the Hirzenhain district .

history

The place is in the oldest settlement area on the upper Lahn and was first mentioned in the Codex Eberhardi of a Fulda monk and according to a document from 1238 cited by Gudenius . Where the name comes from has not yet been clearly determined. According to Reimer's local dictionary, the place is called Lixfeld in 1238 , Lykisuelt in 1334 , in 1346 it was called Litzfeld or Lixfeld , in 1413 as Lexfeld, in 1452 the place was called Lixfellt and finally in 1499 Lecsfeld, Lichsfeld and Lysfeldt.

Lixfeld was part of the territorial rule of Wittgenstein . Excavations at Kirchberg revealed that a tower castle was built here at a passage through the valley of Hessenstrasse at the end of the 9th or beginning of the 10th century. On the watershed Gansbach / Siegbach (Aar) / Salzböde , approx. 2.5 km south, the formerly very important Cologne-Leipziger-Fernhandelsstraße, also called Brabanter Straße , ran in the Schelderwald . A branch branching off from her also led through Lixfeld. Lixfeld was one of the oldest seats in an early medieval court and had its heyday in the early Middle Ages. The imperial count came to his castle and held consultations with the free men on the Thingplatz under a large linden tree and held court. The lords of the castle forced the traders who moved across Hessenstrasse to pay customs duties. There were kilns in the woods, and racing fires and forest smiths were operated in the valleys . Trade flourished in the early days. With the beginning of the development of territorial rule, the Zent Lixfeld came into the possession of the Counts of Battenberg.

First in 1238, the district court of the county of Battenberg (Eder) was named, which Hesse had taken arbitrarily into possession. In 1238 they sold it to the Archbishopric of Mainz. The von Lixfeld and the Döring owned the court as Ganerbe from 1246 .

From 1321 to 1323 the tower castle Lixfeld was rebuilt for church purposes, in 1334 a "pastor of Lykisuelt" is mentioned for the first time and in 1358 a parish church is mentioned. The church was under the Deanery of Breidenbach and the patronage was owned by von Hohenfels and Döring in 1358.

"Lixfeld (L. Bez. Gladenbach) evangel. Parish village; is 3 St. from Gladenbach, and belongs to the Baron von Breidenstein, has 63 houses and 357 inhabitants, all of whom are Protestant. There is 1 church, 3 grinding mills with 1 oil mill, and two iron pits, of which only one is still in operation, which supplies a good, dense red-iron stone that is melted at the Ludwigshütte. On the western side of the village, iron stones were broken as early as 1626 and melted at the Biedenkopfer hut. There are also the remains of an old copper mine in the vicinity, in which mining was carried out as early as 1660. - Lixfeld belonged to the church area of ​​Breidenbach. There was a separate court in this place, to which the places Frechenhausen, Gönnern, Oberhörle and Simmersbach belonged. "

On April 1, 1972, Lixfeld formed the new municipality of Angelburg through the merger with the neighboring municipality of Frechenhausen as part of the regional reform in Hesse .

The Evangelical Lutheran parish church in Lixfeld

Gender of those from Lixfeld

prehistory

The importance of the place in prehistoric and early historical times is explained by the fact that Lixfeld was on the oldest "Hessenstrasse", which in the Middle Ages was also known as "Siegen-Marburg Strasse", Cologne-Leipziger-Strasse or Brabanter-Strasse.

In the course of time a structural change took place within the peasant class. Free, down-to-earth landlords gradually developed from the free peasantry. The Lixfeld gender is a typical example. During the time of Mainz suzerainty in the Zent Lixfeld from 1238 to 1346, a free peasant family took over the leadership of the village community and adopted its name. In addition to what was inherited, there was acquired property, which increased prestige and influence. From Mainz one received the administration of the cent, the keeping of the court as well as the Vogtstelle .

Possession and influence were the basis of knighthood. The first documented mention of von Lixfeld comes from January 2, 1346 with the squire Eberhard von Litzfeld. His sons Anselm, Ludwig and Gerlach agreed with the knight Wernher Doring and his sons, the miners Craft, Johann and Godebert, to live peacefully together in their court in Lixfeld as good heirs and, if they shared the court, these parts again wanting to throw together.

The division into centers has meanwhile fallen with the Gau constitution and the rights of the centigraves have passed to the judges. They include sovereignty and tax justice .

The Church was not included in these acquisitions. Because on May 9th 1359 Knight Dietrich von Buchenau, and the lay judges of Biedenkopf Heidrich the Young, and Siegfried von Deckinbach, that Knight Dietrich von Hohenfels , the Wäppner Craft von Hohenfels the Young, as well as the brothers Widekind and Craft von Hohenfels, the Knight Craft Doring, and the Wäppner Eberhard Doring owned the church in Lixfeld without any address from Eberhard von Lixfeld. The church remained in the possession of St. Stephan in Mainz.

Knightly lines of those of Lixfeld

The ancestral lord was Eberhard von Lixfeld, (* 1346, † approx. 1370) and his sons: Anselm, Ludwig and Gerlach. He was succeeded by Ellung von Lixfeld with his wife Catharina and Denhard von Lixfeld and his wife Else.

On July 25, 1378, Johann von Hohenfels called Rump (son of Dietrich von Hohenfels called Lixfeld) and his wife Jutte transferred their part of the Lixfeld court and their tithe to Simmersbach an Ellung von Lixfeld and his wife Catharina, for 61 ½ Schilling Tornes . On December 31, 1379 the Wäppner Johannes Rump von Hohenfels promised Ellung von Lixfeld to pay the owed 10 bottles before the court was redeemed.

Wäppner Johannes Rump von Hohenfels notarized on December 31st. 1380, "that he owed Ellung von Lixfeld 10 gold guilders". In 1386, according to a document, in addition to the above-mentioned gan heirs in the Lixfeld court, a Gerhard Wolf von Selbach appeared, who in turn sold his rights to Wilhelm von Selbach, including all gold , inheritance, inclines , interest and property in the court of Lixfeld with the approval of the gan inheritance . Around 1390, gender probably had the most influence on politics in the wider area. But Denhard von Lixfeld was involved in a battle with the powerful family of the Counts of Solms in the area of ​​Wetzlar and had to swear the original feud .

In 1393 Denhard von Lixfeld vowed "not to act against the brothers Count Otto and Johann von Solms". For a long time, swearing in the original feud seems to be synonymous with the loss of independence. In order to alleviate the fate, Denhard von Lixfeld broke away from his father's seat. The Wäppner vowed "not to act against Count Otto von Solms and his brother Johann". On May 23, 1394, "Denhard von Lixfeld and his wife Else transferred their rights to people and property to the knight Johann von Breidenbach, and his wife Benin, because of 50 Schilling Tornos, which they owed the same in the court of Lixfeld and Grund Breidenbach, as they were resurrected by father and brother, for a stallion ”.

In 1400 it seems that the Knights of Lixfeld lost their independence. A count of Hohenfels, called von Lixfeld, was mentioned in documents in 1378 and 1380. A branch of those von Hohenfels seems to have also borne the name von Lixfeld. Dietrich von Hohenfels belonged to the inheritance that was decided in 1346. With the contract in 1394 the Knights of Lixfeld entered into a dependent relationship with the Knights of Breidenbach and thus with the Counts of Sayn-Wittengestein, because in 1307 the Breidenbachers came under the feudal sovereignty of the Wittgensteiners.

Elsa, Eberhard von Lixfeld's widow, gave her fatherly and maternal goods to her son Denhard Frau Elisabeth to Wittum on June 8, 1400 . Tringenstein Castle , the old Murstein, has held in honor for a long time as the state's defense. In 1427 the castle was besieged and overrun by the nobles in Haiger in a feud against Nassau. But the gentlemen von Haiger had to leave without having achieved anything. On this occasion, Eberhard von Lixfeld, who fought on Nassau's side, had lost a horse to the nobles of Haiger. To compensate for this great loss, he took possession of Hermann von Haiger's property and rents in the Tringenstein office. The Nassau-Haiger feud is mentioned in a document dated September 10, 1437. According to the deed of this feud, the widow of Denhard von Lixfeld, a son of Eberhard von Lixfeld, returned these goods and rents to Ibernthal, Eisenroth and Eigershausen to Heiderich von Haiger in 1436.

On February 6, 1453, the bailiff at Nidda, Ludwig Döring, had a whistle set up that the cousins ​​Ludwig and Henne Döring, Ludwig von Hohenfels, Gerlach and Johann von Breidenbach, right and honest Junkers, were there at the Lixfeld court. In 1453, Döring and von Hohenfels and von Breidenbach were court lords at the Lixfeld court. In 1455, Sayn-Wittgenstein enfeoffed the brothers Gerlach Denhard and Henne von Lixfeld, brothers, with the district court of Lixfeld.

In 1461 the von Hohenfels sold 1/4 of the court from Lixfeld to the von Bicken, who later owned half as a Wittgenstein fief, as did the Döring share from Wittgenstein. Georg von Sayn, Count of Wittgenstein, enfeoffed the knight Gerlach von Breidenstein and his brother Philipp with parts of the Lixfeld court in 1497 . This would explain the fact that the Knights of Lixfeld can appear as officials of the Count of Wittgenstein near Wiehl in the Bergisches Land.

1575-1590 Hesse acquired shares in the court of Lixfeld, so that in 1629 Hesse held 5/16, that of Bicken 9/16, and that of Breidenbach 2/16. In 1577, von Breidenbach became the patron of the church in place of von Hohenfels .

A noble branch, which was based near the Nassau border in Lixfeld, existed until 1671:

  • 1491–1498 Hen Lixfeld
  • 1505–1517 Heinz von Lixfeld
  • 1518–1519 Hans von Lixfeld
  • 1555 Endres Lixfeld

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Lixfeld was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1577: 025 house seats
• 1630: 024 house seats (5 two-horse, 15 single-horse farmland, 4  single-horse )
• 1677: 021 men, 2 widows, 3 young teams, 10 single teams
• 1742: 046 households
• 1791: 286 inhabitants
• 1800: 286 inhabitants
• 1806: 346 inhabitants, 60 houses
• 1829: 357 inhabitants, 63 houses
Lixfeld: Population from 1791 to 2011
year     Residents
1791
  
 286
1800
  
 286
1829
  
 357
1834
  
 370
1840
  
 395
1846
  
 415
1852
  
 420
1858
  
 442
1864
  
 331
1871
  
 318
1875
  
 366
1885
  
 436
1895
  
 492
1905
  
 560
1910
  
 707
1925
  
 747
1939
  
 840
1946
  
 1,124
1950
  
 1,153
1956
  
 1,136
1961
  
 1,181
1967
  
 1.310
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 1,242
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1829: 0357 Protestant residents
• 1885: 0435 Protestant, no Catholic and one Jewish inhabitant
• 1961: 1069 Protestant, 93 Roman Catholic residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1961: Labor force: 158 agriculture and forestry, 321 manufacturing, 67 trade and transport, 40 services and others.

traffic

Like the other districts of the community Angelburg, Lixfeld lies on the former Dillenburg –Wallau– Biedenkopf railway , which was closed in 1987 (built: 1911/12). The associated track systems have largely been dismantled. Today, local public transport is operated by buses and collective call taxes (AST). Landesstraße 3042 (Schelde-Lahn-Straße) runs through the town as the main road .

literature

  • Heinrich Reimer: Historical local dictionary for Kurhessen . Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse and Waldeck Vol. 14, Marburg 1926, Elwert, XII + 547 pp.
  • Codex Eberhardi, Christian Daniel Vogel : Archive of the Nassau Church and Scholarly History , the Historical Topography of the Duchy of Nassau and the Description of the Duchy of Nassau from 1843
  • Bergebersbacher pastor Karl Nebe (1868–1918): Castle trips on the old border of Hesse and Nassau . 1914
  • Helmut Stäger: Lixfeld - a village on the border - on the trail of its past . 1987
  • Literature about Lixfeld in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Lixfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Lixfeld, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ "Figures / Data / Facts" ( Memento from July 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) on the Angelburg community website, accessed on March 27, 2018.
  3. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 166 ( online at google books ).
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 350 .
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ^ The affiliation of the office Blankenstein based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  8. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 7, 430 ( online at google books ).
  9. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6c) ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  247 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  11. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology, Volume 22 , p. 416 , Weimar 1821
  12. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  191 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  203 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  14. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;