Siegerland Platt
The Siegerländer Platt , the Siegerländer dialect or Siegerländisch is the dialect , which in Siegerland about in the area of, the old district of Siegen and parts of the neighboring districts Altenkirchen and Westerwaldkreis is spoken. It belongs to the Moselle Franconian dialect group. There are lexical references to the dialects Hessian and South Westphalian ( Low German ) spoken in the neighboring areas . The Siegerland is the northeastern part of the Moselle Franconian . It belongs therefore to the West Central German and finally to the High German dialects . In the north it is demarcated from Westphalian by the Benrath line and thus from Low German . In the west the border runs to the Ripuarian ( Eifel barrier ) and in the east to the Rhine-Franconian and thus Hessian dialects ( Hunsrück barrier ). It is thus separated from Wittgensteiner Platt with an important language border , which already belongs to the Upper Hessian language area. The Moselle-Franconian axis develops from Siegen over the western Westerwald ( Wäller Platt ) and Koblenz to Trier, where it widens in a fan shape to the southwest.
Classification in the second German sound shift
In the second German sound shift , the Siegerländer Platt can be classified as follows:
- p → pf - In Siegerland there is “p” instead of “pf”: “ Pf erd” → “ P äärd”, “To pf ” → “Dö bb e”, “A pf el” → “A bb el”. This sound shift did not penetrate the Siegerland Platt.
- p → f - This sound shift is partially completed "schla f s" → "schloa f e", but (in the northern Altkreis Siegen ): "au f " → "o p ".
- t → s (“dat / das”) Not done in “small” words; "Da t " and "e t " are part of the Siegerland plateau.
- t → z ( "Tid / Time") - The Siegerländer say " Z itt" for " Z ince", " for which" for " such wei".
- tt → tz - This has penetrated the Siegerland Platt: A cat is also called that on Siegerland Platt (the Low German word is "Katte" or "Katt"). However, there are words in which the "tt" occurs: it "sa tz t", but one has "gesa tt ".
- k → ch (“ik / ich”) - As in standard German, only in the internal and final voice. "I ch " → "E ch ", "roaring ch s" → "bru ch e".
- d → t (“Dag / Tag”) - Doesn't matter very much in Siegerland, because the “t” is usually pronounced very softly (like a “d”).
- v / w / f → b - only accomplished to a very limited extent; a “Wei b ” is a “Wi b smensch”, but the majority of the words remain in the Low German language: “Blei b noch hier” means “Bli ff noch hee”, “Trau b en” → “Wingtru w eln ” in Siegerland language "and" lie b he "→" lee w er ".
some rules
The vocabulary originally differed from place to place; roughly speaking, each town had its own dialect. However, in the last few decades pure dialect has hardly been spoken anymore, but has increasingly given way to a “Hochdütsch bet Gnubbeln”, so that the differences, at least between neighboring villages, are barely noticeable. However, it can still be seen today whether someone comes from the northern Siegerland (“va urwe runger”), from the city of Siegen (“Stäärrer”) or from the southern Siegerland (“va onne roff”) (“ Hicke or Grönner ").
pronunciation
The most prominent feature of the Siegerland plateau is the “R” ( voiced retroflexer approximant ) spoken with the tip of the tongue bent back , similar to the pronunciation of English in North America. This linguistic phenomenon is not limited to the Siegerland, but extends far into the Central Hessian language area to the Taunus and the Wetterau . The syllable "er" is usually pronounced with an unvoiced (almost omitted) "e": "runter" is thought of as "ronner", but as "ronnr" ("va onne roffr" from below rauf ), in the northern Siegerland (" va uewe rongr " from above down ) spoken" ronger ". Exercise: "Hennr Rennrod rächds romm on da dr Rhing roffr" ("Turn right behind Rennerod and then up the Rhine " - how to get from Siegen to Koblenz ...)
The p is pronounced like b (doll: Bobbe); the t is pronounced as d (bag: Dudde); a k is often pronounced as g (Mocke: Mogge).
A “g” at the end of a word or part of a word is softened to a “ch” (as in the word “wei ch ”): “Ber g ” → “Ber ch ”.
An “en” at the end of a word is shortened to an “e”, even with place names: z. B. "Schelden" → "Scheldt". In particular, a "chen" becomes a "che": "Mädchen" → "Mädchen". In this case, the plural is marked by "cher": "Mädcher".
Grammatical quirks
- In the Siegerland region of Platt - as in almost all German dialects - dative and prepositional paraphrases replace the genitive.
- The Rhenish form is also used in Siegerland: “I'm working right now.” → “Ech sinn am aarwe.” If it should be emphasized that this activity is actually being carried out at this moment, this is indicated by the word “straight”: “ Ech sinn jerad am aarwe. "
- In the article, instead of the accusative “den”, the nominative “der” is used: “I am tidying up the attic.” → “I rumme dr Ollern op.”, “I set the table.” (Literally: “I do the Table ") →" Ech do op dr Desch. "
- The temporal accusative is used to indicate times; In terms of pronunciation, “den” and “die” cannot be distinguished, because both are pronounced as “de” in Platt. Examples: "Tomorrow morning" → "morn de Morje", literally: "tomorrow morning", "I have no time next week / in August." → "Ech ha de anner week / dr August know Zitt.", Literally: "I have no time next week / in August."
- Words that end in "-el" and "er" have the plural ending in "-n". Examples: "Ech ha bought me Stewwel n ." - "I bought boots." "Me ha de Dellr n ald om Desch." - "We already have the plate (s) on the table." Plurals of words that end in "-es" start from "-er": "Magolwes" → "Magolweser"; "Mäckes" → "Mäckeser"; "Lälles" → "Lälleser".
- In Siegerland you don't drive or go to someone, but to someone: “I'm going to see grandma” → “I goa noa d'r Omma”. Analog: Potatoes are not served with fish, but “bii dr fish”, meaning with the fish.
Other basic rules
People are usually spoken of in the form <last name> s <first name> ; the “s” counts as the genitive S, e.g. B. "Schwickerts Hein" or "Utsches Elfriede". Exceptions are possible where it interferes with the flow of speech, for example with "Thomase Louis". The traditional “house name” is given preference over the baptismal name: Horst-Kevin Müller from “Schneiders” is z. B. known locally as "Schnierersch Horst-Kevin" and is addressed as such. There are many neck rhymes about the old inhabitants of the villages in the Siegerland, which convey the “peculiarities” of the inhabitants in pointed form. Each village has its own rhymes. From Hilchenbach, for example, it has been handed down: "A lap ... stays a lap ... even if it goes by carriage." A fine but clear allusion to the "cocky" life of the family.
Those who belong to the family are "appropriated": We are talking about "oosem Babbe", "ooser Mamme", "ooser Omma", "oosem Willem", ie "our" / "our" Papa / Mama / Grandma / Wilhelm etc. Similarly, you also ask a child if you want to know which family it belongs to: "Kend, who are you there?" (High German: "Child, who do you belong to?")
As in Mosel Franconian in general, women's names in Siegerland are basically neuter: "dt / dat Martha". A direct address is - where possible - avoided. For example, an older Siegerlander was asked how he can get home from the medical examination. Answer: “My son-in-law's wife will pick me up.” Please note: for women who are related, neuter gender is always used in the nominative (“Heddat is oos Mamme.” - “This is our mother.”); In the accusative and especially in the dative, the female gender is also used ("Mir goa noa ooser Omma." - "We go to our grandma.").
Examples
Pronouns
- I - eh
- he - huh
- she - et / dat
- we - me / mer
Times
- today - ho
- tomorrow - morn
- the morning - dr Morje
- tomorrow morning - morn de Morje or morn ze Morje
- Easter - Oasdern
- Pentecost - Peengsde
- Spring - Frööhjoahr
Days of the week
- Monday - Månéch
- Tuesday - Dersdéch
- Wednesday - Méddwoch / Middwuch
- Thursday - Donnrschdéch
- Friday - Frijdaach
- Saturday - Samsdach
- Sunday - Sonnéch
People
- Girl - girl
- Boy - Jong
- naughty child - Bloach, Boachd, Oodochd, Schinnoss (female), Rotzbloach
- Clumsy - Dappes
- Papa - Babbe
- Mom - mom
- Grandma - Grandma
- Godmother - Goode
- Godfather - Padde
- Someone who talks nonsense, stupid and / or talkative - Lälles
- unfriendly wife - Gräsije Ahl
Animals
- Tier - Däjer, / Dir
- Dog - hond
- Cow - Kooh
- Sheep - sheep
- Goat - Hibbe
- Rabbit - claw
- Eurasian jay - Magolwes (the Siegerland "Wappenvogel"; formerly a common bird due to the oaks that often occur in the Hauberg coppice cultivation specific to Siegerland )
- Chicks - Bibbsche / Gügges / Güggelcher / Höngelcher
- Dung beetle - Päärdsbrömmeler
- Spider - Grinn
- Cat - cat
- Mouse - Muus
- Mythical creatures from the Siegerländerwald - Dilldapp
Everyday things
- conversation
- "Guten Tag" - "Schur" or "Beschur" (sometimes: "Schue") or "Gon Dach" (Gorn Dach) or "Goare!"
- "Goodbye" - "Nodda"
- yes - hö-öh / (in the sense of "and whether" :) en joah!
- No! - uh uh / eh eh / eh / (in the sense of "oh no!") Eh!
- Or? - Orrer like orrer wat?
- How are you? - How do you get there?
- I feel bad - eh kumm kruffe (I can hardly crawl)
- household
- Pants - botze
- Dishcloth - Blätz
- Tea towel - Droydooch
- Cleaning rags - Botzlombe
- Paring knife - Gnibbche, Schearlrche
- Attic - Ollern
- Pan - breakdown
- Cooking pot - Döbbe
- Cup - kebabs, kebabs
- Table - Desch
- Drawer drawer
- Shelf - shaft
- Small kitchen knife - Knibche
- Potato Masher - Pönger
- Interpersonal
- marry - (six) bestoahn / bestaare
- married - bestaat
- unmarried - loss-making
- desire - lengthening
- quarrel - six mäckese
- fight each other - six swears
- Others
- Hiccups - dr Schlick / Hickes
- skinny, thin ( in the sense of "lean man") - schroa (in the southern Siegerland "schroa" = ugly)
- beautiful - sheer
- Friedhof - Kerfich (from "Kirchhof")
- what - wat
- that - dat
- Pain - blouj (back pain - Röggeblouj)
- talk - chat
- work - aarwe (e.g. I am currently working - ech sinn am aarwe)
- Matchstick - stick hairpins
- Lighter - Fixfuer
- Moped - Rösje
- tired - möö
- Chives - Beesluff
- Grapes - Truweln
to eat and drink
- Potato - Doffel (in Siegen-Stadt), Duffel (outside the city), Düffel (southern Siegenland)
- Sauerkraut - Suur Moos
- Fried herring - Sorrel dog
- Pea soup - Aawersersobbe
- filled or buttered slice of bread - dong or range or knifte; a very thick slice of bread is called a "hulge"
- Blueberries - Wollwern (from "forest berries")
- Blackberries - Bråmern
- Plum - squeeze
- Sweets - Schnuck, Schloch, Schluch
geography
Foreign place names are usually adopted unchanged (and if necessary adapted to the general pronunciation). The regional places, however, have their own names and nicknames.
Places that begin with Ober- and Nieder- are usually translated as "Oarwer" - and "Neerern" - for example Oarwerdeelfe and Neererenelfe for Ober- and Niederdielfen. In the southern Siegerland “Oawer” - and “Nörrer” - are common.
- Siegen - Seeje (or "de Stadt")
- Netphen - Netphe (I'm in Netphen- Ech sin in Netphe)
- Weidenau - Wierenau - in Weidenau you went (or did you go?) To go shopping "in front of de Haardt"
- Klafeld - Kloawend
- Niederfischbach - Föschbe
- Freudenberg - Dr Fläcke
- Hilchenbach - Helchemich
- Kredenbach - Kräremich
- Krombach - Krommich
- Eiserfeld - Esafählde / Esafähl / Iserfell
- Eisern - Easer / Isern
- Niederelden - Schilder / Schelden
- Gosenbach - Guasemich
- Achenbach - Achemich
- Mudersbach - Morashbian
- Brachbach - Braschbisch
- Langenholdinghausen - Hollekuse
- Neunkirchen - Nünnkerche / Nünngerche
- Helberhausen - Helverhuse
- Unglinghausen - Onkelkuse
- Oaks - Neiche
- Eckmannshausen - Eckmannshuse
- Afholderbach - Affermisch
- Eschenbach - Eschemisch
- Grissenbach - Gressemich
- Irmgarteiche - Hermedeiche
- Wilnsdorf - Wensdorf
- Burbach - Borbisch
- Trupbach - Trobbisch
- Alchen - Oalche
- Dreis-Tiefenbach - Dreisbe
- Littfeld - Lettfe
Web links
Course of different language borders in Siegerland and the surrounding area - interactive map (regionalssprache.de, Deutscher Sprachatlas )
literature
- Jakob Heinzerling , Hermann Reuter : Siegerland dictionary. Vorländer, Siegen 1968.
- Bernhard Schmidt: The vocalism of the Siegerland dialect. Inaugural dissertation. Hall a. S., 1894. ( Google Books - US )
- Jakob Heinzerling:
- About the vocalism and consonantism of the Siegerland dialect. Inaugural dissertation. Marburg 1871. ( Google Books )
- The Siegerland dialect. In: XXXVII. Annual report of the first-order secondary school on Siegen, inviting the public to take part in the public examination to be held on Tuesday, March 31 in the secondary school building. Carl. Schnubel. Siegen 1874. ( Google Books )
- The names of the invertebrates in the Siegerland dialect. Victories 1879.
- Hermann Reuter: Contributions to the phonology of the Siegerland dialect. With 3 language cards on the geography of the Siegerland dialect. Inaugural dissertation. Halle ad S., 1903. ( Google Books - US [without maps])
- Hermann Reuter: The book of Heinrich Stillings Jugend and the Siegerlaender dialect poetry as a reflection of Siegerlaender essence. Siegen 1942.
- Hermann Schmoeckel: The Siegerland farmhouse represented by its vocabulary. A contribution to house and dialect research. Inaugural dissertation. Bonn 1912. ( HathiTrust (US) )
- Hermann Schütz: The Siegerland language idiom. Victories 1845.
- Luise Berthold : Hessen-Nassau dictionary. Marburg 1943.
- Adolf Weiershausen: The inner structure of the Siegerland dialect. In: Siegerland. Sheets of the Association for Local Lore and Homeland Security in Siegerlande including neighboring areas, 12th vol., Born in 1930.
- Adolf Weiershausen: The connections between the Siegerland dialect and its neighboring Hessian dialects. Siegen 1930.
- Dieter Möhn: The structure of the Low German-Central German language border between Siegerland and Eichsfeld. Marburg 1962.
- Paul Gerhard: Dictionary of the Siegerland miners' language. Betzdorf ad Sieg 1922. ( HathiTrust (US) ) / Marburg 1922. (New edition: Horst W. Overkott (Ed.): Dictionary of the Siegerland mining language. Vorländer Verlag, Siegen, ISBN 978-3-944157-06-1 )
- Oskar Reichmann: The vocabulary of the Siegerland agriculture and Haubergswirtschaft. Marburg 1966.
- Mier wonn senge ... Sejerlänner Lererboch. Ewer 100 Folkslerer off Blatt ofgeschrewe - Siegen, 1992