Ludwig I of Boyneburg

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Ludwig I von Boyneburg zu Lengsfeld (* 1466 in Gerstungen , † 1537 in Felsberg ) was a Thuringian-Hessian nobleman and ministerial who held various high and highest state offices under Landgrave Wilhelm II and Philip I of Hesse : councilor, governor on the Werra, court master, governor on the Lahn, court judge, country court master and guardianship regent. He became the founder of the richly wealthy line of the Boyneburg to Lengsfeld and Weilar, which belonged to the black flag , and of the family branch based on the Altenburg an der Eder .

family

Ludwig von Boyneburg was a scion of the branch of the von Boyneburg zu Gerstungen family belonging to the black flag , the second son of Otto II von Boineburg († 1466 on the Felsburg ) and his wife Anna, nee. from Lugelin. Anna was the heir daughter of Andreas von Lugelin zu Felsberg, who died in 1480, the last male offspring of his family, and the Merge (Margarethe) von Storndorf .

heritage

Ludwig Felsberg and the allod and feudal estates of this family in the area inherited through his mother Anna. In 1498 he was given a fiefdom to Weilar from Count Wilhelm IV von Henneberg . By marrying Mathilde von Herda zu Brandenburg , granddaughter of the Fulda court marshal Philipp von Herda, in 1490 he also acquired most of the family's ancestral and Fulda fiefdoms, the Lengsfeld estate .

Life

Almost nothing is known about Ludwig's youth.

In 1493 he was appointed councilor of Landgrave Wilhelm II of Hesse and “ Landvogt an der Werra ”, and in 1494 he was court master of the Landgrave. In October 1496, he led a suitor -Gesandtschaft that in Nancy a marriage contract between the Landgrave and Iolanta, a daughter of Count Friedrich II. Of Vaudémont the Duke and sister René of Lorraine negotiated. In 1497 he was also the councilor of the Archbishop and Elector of Cologne , Hermann IV , an uncle of the landgrave.

After the death of Landgrave Wilhelm III. In February 1500, who ruled Upper Hesse and had resided in Marburg and died without a legitimate heir, his territory fell to his cousin Wilhelm II in Kassel, who thus reunited Hesse in one hand. He appointed Ludwig von Boyneburg in 1502 as his “ governor on the Lahn” and in 1505 as court judge , with his official seat in Marburg Castle . Boyneburg became one of the landgrave's most important advisers. 1506 acquired Boyneburg that since 1504, together with a brother Hermann, the Krayenburg as a fief of the Ernestine duchy Saxe-Eisenach had even Gehaus .

In a will made out in 1506, Landgrave Wilhelm II, who from 1504 increasingly suffered from the consequences of a syphilis disease, appointed a five-member regency and guardianship council (consisting of Konrad II von Wallenstein , Ludwig von Boyneburg, Konrad von Mansbach , Rudolph von Weiblingen and the dean Roland des Martinsstifts zu Kassel) for his 21-year-old second wife Anna (1485–1525), whom he married after his first wife died in childbed in the spring of 1500 , and his children Elisabeth and the 2-year-old Philipp (1504–1567), as well as about his older brother, Wilhelm I , and his wife Anna von Braunschweig. However, this will was changed as early as 1508 at the instigation of the landgrave's wife to the effect that, in addition to Wilhelm's uncle, Archbishop Hermann IV of Cologne, who died in September 1508, she herself was appointed supreme guardian and regent and only three councilors (Count Philip II. von Waldeck-Eisenberg , Konrad von Mansbach and Dean Roland).

Anna's claim to regency was not recognized by the Hessian estates and the Wettin dukes of Saxony who had inherited hereditary brotherhoods since 1373 . Immediately after Wilhelm's death in July 1509, a strong opposition from the estates rose up, mainly supported by the knighthood. On the Spieß , the former seat of the Hessian state parliaments, there was a sharp dispute with Anna: the second will was not recognized there, and the landgrave widow was forced to have a nine-member, class-based Regency Council under the leadership of Ludwig von Boyneburg, who was elected Landhofmeister. The Saxon dukes supported this approach and in February 1510 they appointed Boyneburg and Dietrich von Cleen , the Landkomtur of the Ballei Hessen and later German master , as guardians of the young heir to the throne Philip and his mentally ill uncle Wilhelm I. Kaiser Maximilian gave his consent.

From 1509 to the beginning of 1514, Ludwig von Boyneburg, who took his residence in the Kassel Landgrave Castle, ruled the Landgraviate increasingly autocratically, and this led to the fact that the Regency Council fell out, and by 1513 at the latest some of the most powerful nobles switched to the Landgrave widow's side made great political concessions. After open rioting in several cities, including Homberg and Marburg, Boyneburg resigned from his office in Kassel at the beginning of 1514, gave Prince Philip, the castle, seals, registers and cash registers to the city council, left the country and moved to Krayenburg in Thuringia back. Anna appointed Konrad II von Wallenstein to be the Landhofmeister, who had already held this office under Wilhelm II, Eberhard von Heusenstamm to Hofmeister and Philipp von Meysenbug to Hofmarschall . She ruled beyond 1518, when her son Philipp was declared of legal age by Emperor Maximilian at the age of 13½ - without ever having been officially recognized as regent. Philip initially kept his mother and her councilors with him, but fell apart after Anna remarried to Count Otto von Solms-Laubach (1496–1522) in 1519.

Anna used her power to practically expropriate Ludwig von Boyneburg in Hesse. He was ostracized and Anna and her councilors sent him a feud in which the agreements made at Spieß 1509 were denied. His goods in the offices of Felsberg , Gudensberg , Homberg , Immenhausen , Sontra , Vacha and Schmalkalden were confiscated, along with 600 gold guilders in interest and 1000 quarters of grain in annual income, and his recently acquired pledge on Schloss and Amt Sichelnstein was annulled.

In the period that followed, Boyneburg fought from the Krayenburg for his justification and the restitution of his Hessian possessions and otherwise took care of his rule Lengsfeld. During this period, farmers and craftsmen rose up in Thuringia during the Peasants' War . In April 1525 the so-called Werrahaufen with almost 10,000 insurgents moved up the Werra valley and camped on April 23, 1525 in front of the city ​​of Lengsfeld . Boyneburg had to sign the Twelve Articles of the Peasants, pay them 500 Meißnian guilders and accompany the Werra heap as a hostage on its onward journey to Meiningen . There they also forced Count Wilhelm IV of Henneberg-Schleusingen to sign the Twelve Articles on May 3rd and then parted ways. Boyneburg then supported the capture and execution of the leaders of the uprising.

Regarding Boyneburg's Hessian claims, no agreement was reached at a meeting between Hessian and Saxon councilors in Kassel in 1521. Ludwig's young son Georg (1504–1564), with whom the young landgrave's son Philip and his sister Elisabeth had been raised in the Boyneburg household until 1514, was already in Philip's entourage at that time, which was a first sign of a deliberate rehabilitation of the father . But it was only after Anna's death in May 1527 that Landgrave Philipp dared to make full reparation for the insults, loss of property and income of his former guardian and educator caused by his mother. In the same year Philip returned his previous possessions and offices to him; In addition, he gave him the entitlement to Altenburg Castle near Felsberg - combined with the obligation to rebuild it - and the associated goods in Böddiger , Maden , Rhünda etc., to the now re-appointed court judge and governor on the Lahn and in Marburg Castle resident Ludwig von Boyneburg. The Altenburg and its accessories did not come to the Boyneburgers until after the death of Heinrich von Holzheim , the last of his line on the Altenburg, and also after the death of Ludwig von Boyneburg in 1537. Ludwig's son Ludwig (III.), Born in 1518 from his second marriage to Elisabeth von Meysenbug - an older half-brother of the same name had died in 1529 - inherited the Altenburg and the family property in and near Felsberg.

In his last years in office he was in March 1530 with his son Georg at the Reichstag in Worms, and in 1530/31 he was involved in the deliberations on the formation of the Schmalkandische Bund . On March 12, 1533 he resigned his offices as councilor, governor in Marburg and court judge and went to his Lengsfeld castle. Subsequently he called himself "von Boyneburg zu Lengsfeld" and this name was inherited in his branch of the Boyneburgers.

Ludwig von Boyneburg died in 1537, whether in Felsberg or Lengsfeld is not clear. In his will , written in 1536, he distributed his considerable holdings of allod and fiefdoms to his surviving children.

Marriages and offspring

Ludwig I. von Boyneburg was married twice.

(1) Mathilde (Mechthildis) von Herda from the House of Brandenburg (* around 1469, † after 1508), daughter of Raban von Herda zu Brandenburg, Hessian councilor and governor in Kassel, and Katharina von Hutten . This marriage had five daughters and three sons:

(2) Elisabeth von Meysenbug, daughter of Wilhelm von Meysenbug and Gertrud Eckbrecht von Dürkheim . From this marriage came a son and two daughters:

Footnotes

  1. ^ Dietrich Christoph von Rommel : History of Hessen. Fifth volume, Perthes, Kassel 1835, pp. 375–376. (books.google.de)
  2. ↑ With Heinrich and Otto II. The Black Flag split into two branches in 1489: Heinrich received the Gerstungen office pledged to Boyneburg by the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach , Otto got the Wildeck office and the so-called Boyneburg Court. (JS Esch, JG Gruber (Ed.): General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . Twelfth Part, Gleditsch, Leipzig 1824, p. 176. (books.google.de) )
  3. ↑ Also Lüngel or Lugeln.
  4. ↑ Landau referred to her, probably wrongly, as the heir daughter of the former councilor and bailiff zu Vacha, Hermann Lugelin (Georg Landau: Die Hessischen Ritterburgen und their owners. Second volume, Luckhard, Kassel 1833, p. 195. (books.google.de) ).
  5. ↑ Weiblingen was chamber master in Kassel from 1501 to 1514, first under Landgrave Wilhelm II, then under the regency government. After that he was Marshal of the Fulda Abbey . (Wolfgang Breul-Kunkel: Dominance Crisis and Reformation: The Imperial Abbeys Fulda and Hersfeld approx. 1500–1525. (= Sources and research on the history of the Reformation. Volume 71). Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 1998, ISBN 3-579-01739-X , p. 148, fn. 161 (books.google.de) )
  6. ^ Dietrich Christoph von Rommel: History of Hessen. Third part, first department, Kassel 1827, p. 204. (books.google.de)
  7. ^ Dietrich Christoph von Rommel: History of Hessen. Third part, first department, Kassel 1827, p. 207. (books.google.de)
  8. ^ Dietrich Christoph von Rommel: History of Hessen. Third Part, First Section, Kassel 1827, p. 208. (books.google.de)
  9. ^ Dietrich Christoph von Rommel: History of Hessen. Third part, first department, Kassel 1827, p. 231. (books.google.de)
  10. ↑ Probably four Metzen or about 26 liters.
  11. ^ Dietrich Christoph von Rommel: History of Hessen. Third Part, First Department, Kassel 1827, Rommel, pp. 231–232. (books.google.de)
  12. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners. Second volume, Luckhard, Kassel 1833, p. 194. (books.google.de)

literature

  • Dietrich Christoph von Rommel: History of Hessen. Third Part, First Department, Kassel 1827, Rommel, pp. 204–246. (books.google.de)
  • JS Esch, JG Gruber (Hrsg.): General encyclopedia of the sciences and arts . Zwölfter Theil, Gleditsch, Leipzig 1824, p. 176. (books.google.de)
  • Franz Gundlach (Ed.): The Hessian Central Authorities from 1247 to 1604. Volume 3, Elwert, Marburg 1930, pp. 29–30.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Boyneburg, Ludwig I. von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Boyneburg, Ludwig I. von; Boineburg, Ludwig von; Boineburg, Ludwig I. von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hessen-Kassel statesman
DATE OF BIRTH 1466
PLACE OF BIRTH Barley
DATE OF DEATH 1537
Place of death Felsberg , Hesse