Office Gerstungen

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The Gerstungen office was a judicial and administrative unit of the clerical principality of Fulda and later a territorial administrative unit of the duchy of Saxony-Eisenach . From 1741 it belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which in 1815 became the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The Gerstungen office in the Principality of Eisenach in the 18th century

The area of ​​the Gerstungen district was in the Berka-Gerstungen basin on the left bank of the central Werra on the western edge of the Thuringian Forest . A foothills, which is called " Böller " after its highest point , lies on the right bank of the Werra and separated the office from the Brandenburg court of the Wartburg (Eisenach) office. To the west of the office are the Richelsdorf Mountains , and to the southwest the Seulingswald .

After four places in the central official area came to Hesse in 1733, this Hessian corner with the exclave Obersuhl of the Rotenburg office protruded to Thuringia and divided the Gerstungen office in two halves. The southern part of the office with Großensee and Dankmarshausen has since been enclosed in a peninsular shape by Hessian territory.

During his affiliation to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, the office was in the "Eisenacher Kreis".

The official area is today in the west of the Free State of Thuringia and belongs to the places Gerstungen, Großensee and Dankmarshausen in the Wartburg district . The four Hessian towns today belong to Heringen / Werra (Kleinensee), to Wildeck (Bosserode and Raßdorf), and to Nentershausen (Süß).

Adjacent administrative units

Obersuhl exclave (to the Rotenburg district ) (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel) Office Sontra (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel)
Office Sontra (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel) Neighboring communities Office Eisenach (Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach)
Rotenburg Office (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel) Friedewald Office (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel) Office Hausbreitenbach (Hessian-Saxon condominium, from 1733 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach)

history

Fulda Monastery

The first documentary mention of Gerstungen is a donation of the place mentioned in Codex Eberhardi (originated in the 12th century) to the Fulda monastery founded in 744 by the Frankish King Karlmann . Around 1015 there was a Fulda Oberhof in Gerstungen.

The location on an old military and trade route - the so-called “Kurzen Hessen” - was always significant for the region . Coming from Friedewald , a variant of the route led via Großensee to Gerstungen. At that time, Gerstungen Castle secured the Werra crossing, over which this trade route continued towards Eisenach. One of the numerous streets in Nuremberg ran through Untersuhl. Escort protection was also granted from the Gerstung Castle, later called the castle, for which the Untersuhl Church in the form of a defensive tower with branch towers may have served as a lookout on all sides. There was visual contact with the Gerstung castle tower.

After armed conflicts between the Fulda monastery and the Thuringian landgraves, Gerstungen Castle and the neighboring Wildeck Castle were regained by the monastery in 1310. In the middle of the 14th century, the offices of Gerstungen and Wildeck were created by the diocese of Fulda .

Due to the financial situation of the Fulda Abbey, the office was pledged multiple times. In 1328 the office with all rights went to Hartung von Erfa, in 1335 to Simon von Landeck and in 1349 and 1351 to Apel von Buchenau.

In 1396, the Fulda Abbey pledged Gerstungen Castle to knight Heimbrecht von Boyneburg . The extensive pledges of Bosserode , Großensee, Leimbach and Dankmarshausen were also established. This situation lasted with changing lien holders until the Boyneburgs died out at the end of the 18th century. The affiliation of the village of Suss remains controversial for this period, because the settlement of Suss is included with the Gerstung court border of 1450.

Landgraves of Thuringia and Saxony-Eisenach

The Fulda monastery was only able to hold the area around Gerstungen and Wildeck against the mighty Wettins for a short time . In 1402 the Gerstungen office was first given as a pledge, but ultimately forever, to the Wettin Landgraves of Thuringia, while the Wildeck with Obersuhl and Hönebach office came into the ownership of the Landgraviate of Hesse in 1412 and protruded like a narrow spur into the Gerstungen official territory. Historically, and for a long time, it was the "Hessian tip" in Thuringia. The Obersuhl, which later belonged to the Rotenburg office , was mostly enclosed by the Saxon office of Gerstungen. Richelsdorf and Blankenbach belonged to the Sontra office .

The Gerstungen office was administratively linked to the neighboring Hausbreitenbach office in the following period . This has been under the joint administration of the Landgraves of Thuringia and the Hersfeld Abbey since 1354 . In 1525, the portion of the office in hersfeld passed to the Landgraviate of Hessen. The office Hausbreitenbach was administered by two officials, of whom the Hessian and Hessian in Berka / Werra , the Thuringian, later Saxon bailiff was initially in Hausbreitenbach. As early as the 16th century, the Saxon part was administered by the neighboring Gerstungen office with the Gerstungen office seat. That show u. a. the interest registers of the two offices.

Border disputes between Saxony-Eisenach and Hesse

The common ownership of the Hausbreitenbach office repeatedly caused disagreements, which came to light especially after the death of Landgrave Karl zu Hessen-Kassel in 1730. The Hessian administration demanded a mourning bell in the official locations. When this was refused by the Duke of Eisenach, they had Berka militarily occupied.

The matter came to the Reichshofrat. The first agreement took place in 1733, as a result of which Landgrave Friedrich von Hessen dropped his claims to the office of Hausbreitenbach and instead got the villages of Dippach and Gospenroda , from the office of Gerstungen: Süß , Kleinensee , Bosserode and Raßdorf . But that was not the end of the story, but Hessen stirred up the matter again and other arrangements were made. This "Hausbreitenbacher exchange comparison" did not come to an end until March 19, 1742.

The places Suss, Bosserode and Raßdorf were assigned to the Baumbach court of Nentershausen in the Hessian office of Sontra , which has since separated the office of Gerstungen into two parts. Kleinensee and Dippach came to the Hessian office Friedewald and Gospenroda to the Hessian office Frauensee . The church affiliation to Gerstungen remained in the case of Bosserode and Kleinensee (until 1970).

Another, recurring point of contention existed between the villages of Obersuhl and Untersuhl on the field of the "Boßkaule" or "Poßkule", which was located southeast of the Aumühle. This dispute was conducted very aggressively on the part of the village of Obersuhl, which is understandable if you consider that the village only had a very limited and enclosed territory for cultivating and supplying its own population. This dispute can be traced back to the late 15th century and ultimately lasted until the conclusion of the treaty of 1733.

Belonging to Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach

When Gerstungen came to Duke Ernst August I of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1741 , only the outworks of the castle remained. The moated castle was in ruins. The new sovereign acquired the Knobelsdorfchen garden and combined it with the Vorwerk to form the chamber property . The foundation walls of the medieval moated castle were used to build the castle in the 17th and 18th centuries, which later became the seat of the Gerstungen office.

According to a description of the office from 1756, the office of Hausbreitenbach was co-administered by the bailiff von Gerstungen. Due to the effects of the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy was elevated to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1815. This was associated with a number of territorial gains. From the Kurhessischen Amt Friedewald , the Amt Hausbreitenbach received the four places Dippach, Vitzeroda , Abteroda , and Gasteroda in 1816 , which somewhat improved the territorial isolation of the southern part of the office.

In 1849/50 the judiciary was separated from the administration in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. The judicial office Gerstungen with Hausbreitenbach came with other offices of the Eisenacher Kreis to the Eisenach administrative district , which is also called III. Administrative district was designated. Gerstungen became the seat of a district court district , which also included the former Frauensee office and the Brandenburg court of the Eisenach office.

Associated places

  • Bosserode (1733 to the Hessian office Sontra)
  • Kleinensee (1733 to the Hessian office Friedewald)
  • Raßdorf (1733 to the Hessian office Sontra)
  • Süß (1733 to the Hessian office Sontra)

literature

  • Kronfeld, Constantin: Thuringian-Saxon-Weimar history. - Weimar: Böhlau, 1878. - (Regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach; T. 1) / [reviewed by:] Ulrich Stechele
  • Anneliese Hofemann: Studies on the development of the territory of the imperial abbey of Fulda and its offices. 1958, pp. 93-95.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia. Wartberg Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 324.
  2. ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified pre- and medieval living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , pp. 108-109.
  3. ^ Heiko Laß: Hunting and pleasure castles of the 17th and 18th centuries Michael Imhof Verlag 2006, ISBN 3-86568-092-5 , p. 318/319