Friedewald Office (Hesse)

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The Friedewald office with the Heringen court was a territorial administrative unit of the Landgraviate of Hesse and, from 1567, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel . The eastern part came to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1816 .

The Friedewald office existed until the administrative and territorial reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821.

Geographical location

The office was divided into the Oberamt (Friedewald) and the Unteramt (Heringen court).

The Oberamt was located in the border area between the Kuppenrhön and the Seulingswald on the watershed of Fulda and Werra . The Dreienberg ( 525  m above sea  level ) located in the southern official area is one of the northernmost foothills of the Rhön . The Dead Man , north of Friedewald, is the highest point in the Seulingswald. The Herfabach was partly in the upper and lower office. The Neuröder Bach (Starkelsbach) formed the border to the Hersfeldian Vogtei Kreuzberg (Philippsthal).

The Unteramt , also called Heringen court , contained numerous desert areas and was located on the Werra, surrounded by the foothills of the Frauenseer Forst , the Seulingswald and the Vorderrhön.

Today, most of the former official area belongs to the communities Friedewald and Heringen (Werra) in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district of Hesse . The four easternmost places are in the Wartburg district of Thuringia and belong to the city of Werra-Suhl-Tal .

The territory of the office bordered:

history

History of the Upper Office (Friedewald Office)

The area around Friedewald, which was later called the "Upper Office", was owned by the Hersfeld Abbey by the 10th century at the latest . Friedewald Castle was probably a poorly fortified complex and was probably built for control purposes at the intersection of two old streets . On the one hand it was a road through the Kurzen Hessen from Frankfurt am Main to Leipzig and on the other hand a trade route from Bremen to Nuremberg .

The place and the office of Friedewald were first mentioned in a document in 1302 , when the abbot gave the place as a fief to the Hessian landgraves . As early as 1306, the landgraves received the right of escort on the road through the Kurzen Hessen. The office around the castle developed into a Hessian enclave in the Hessian area in this century. It was pledged several times, but from 1361 it was again in unrestricted Hessian ownership. The castle served as the judicial and administrative seat.

In 1476, Landgrave Heinrich III. von Hessen took over the holdings of the Lords of Milnrode in the castle. The old castle was then torn down, and Heinrich III. had the water castle Friedewald built in its place by his master builder Hans Jakob von Ettlingen , which the landgraves used for hunting trips. After the Landgrave had bought the shares of the Lords of Altenburg in 1489 and thus became the sole owner of the castle, renovation work began in the outer bailey , which lasted until around 1500.

In 1551, a meeting of princes took place in Schloss Friedewald, in which the treaty between France and the princes of the Schmalkaldic League for the liberation of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse from the captivity of Emperor Charles V was concluded.

History of the Lower Office (Heringen Court)

Heringen on the Werra originally belonged to Thuringia and was first mentioned in a document in 1153. The Fulda monastery enfeoffed Heinrich von Heringen with the place around 1170. In the early 15th century, the Heringen court comprised the present-day urban area of ​​Heringen (excluding Kleinensee) and the town of Harnrode. In 1432 Margarethe von Heringen sold the court to Landgrave Ludwig I of Hesse , who incorporated it into the Friedewald office. Only Harnrode and Geiderstad (today the desert) came to the Hersfeldian Vogtei Kreuzberg , but the authority over the place lay with the Friedewald office.

In 1553, Landgrave Philip I acquired the villages of Vitzeroda, Abteroda and Gasteroda and assigned them to the Heringen court. While Abteroda had previously belonged to the Fulda monastery since 1035 , Vitzeroda was sold by Heinrich von Frankenstein to the Kreuzberg monastery (today: Philippsthal) in 1283 . Gasteroda initially belonged to the former parish village of Heiligenroda , whose first known owners were the Lords of Benhausen. In 1383 they transferred their possessions in Heiligenroda and Gasteroda to the Kreuzberg monastery. The spiritual care of the three places took place from 1585 by the parish in Heringen.

Belonging to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel

When the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567/68 after the death of Landgrave Philip I, the Friedewald office with the Heringen court came to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel .

Since the end of the 16th century a strong attachment part due to the declining importance of leading by Friedewald old route was no longer necessary, let Landgraf Wilhelm IV. From 1580 Wasserburg and Moritz in 1600 the bailey castle-like build. During the Thirty Years' War , the castle was conquered by changing occupiers. In the Seven Years' War in 1762 General Stainville (French Army) destroyed the moated castle. It was no longer built. Since then, the outer bailey has served as the official seat and courtroom.

The previously Thuringian towns of Dippach ( Hausbreitenbach office ) and Kleinensee ( Gerstungen office ) were incorporated into Hessian and the Friedewald office in 1733, after Landgrave Friedrich I had dropped his claims to the Hausbreitenbach office, which was administered jointly with Saxony-Eisenach . From 1763 the place Ausbach belonged to the Landecker Amt .

Napoleonic occupation

During the Napoleonic occupation and the short-lived Kingdom of Westphalia , the area of ​​the previous Friedewald office belonged to the Hersfeld district in the Werra department and was divided into two cantons : the Friedewald upper office became the Friedewald canton , the Heringen lower office to the Heringen canton .

After the dissolution of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1813, the Electorate of Hesse was re-established with its previous administrative structure.

Congress of Vienna in 1815 and dissolution in 1821

According to the provisions of the Congress of Vienna , the places Dippach, Vitzeroda, Abteroda and Gasteroda were ceded to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1816 and incorporated into the Hausbreitenbach office. A curiosity of this time was the continued connection of the places Vitzeroda, Abteroda and Gasteroda to the Hessian parish Heringen for another 80 years. The Weimar government responded to multiple requests from the population and in February 1894 signed a state treaty to convert the parish church members of the three places to the Parochie Gospenroda .

The Hessian office Friedewald with the court Heringen existed until 1821 and was politically assigned to the Hersfeld district in the course of the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse .

Associated places

Places of the Upper Office (Friedewald Office)

Villages and farms
  • Friedewald with the Wasserburg Friedewald
  • Ausbach (1763 to Landecker Amt)
  • Heiligenmühle (single item)
  • Herfa
  • Lautenhausen
  • Oberneurode
Desolation
  • Richolferode
  • Weißenborn (single farm)
  • Wundorf

Places of the Lower Office (Heringen Court)

Villages and farms
  • Herrings
  • Harnrode (1432 to the Vogtei Kreuzberg, authority remained with Amt Friedewald)
  • Lengers
  • Widdershausen
  • Abteroda (1553-1816)
  • Gasteroda (1553-1816)
  • Vitzeroda (1553-1816)
  • Dippach (1733-1816)
  • Kleinensee (from 1733)
Desolation
  • Gytzenrode
  • Hamme
  • Igelsdorf
  • Leimbach
  • Mespens
  • Geiderstad (1432 to the Vogtei Kreuzberg, authority remained with Amt Friedewald)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Neurode on the Philippsthal homepage
  2. ↑ The Milnrode also owned goods in Friedewald, Motzfeld and Ausbach.
  3. ↑ The villages of Heringen, Widdershausen and Lengers, the Hof zu Harnrode and the desert areas Wulfershusen, Fronhof, Mutelsdorf, Gytzenrode, Thennichendorf, Leimbach, Igelsdorf, Buren, Gastenrade, Apterade, Winczenrade, Geyserstadt, Stigkens, Messterade undegarte, Hamme, Benegarte three Vorwerk to Dieppach. ( "Heringen (Werra), district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg". Historical local dictionary for Hesse. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).)
  4. ^ "Harnrode, Hersfeld-Rotenburg district". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of November 20, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  5. ↑ Manfred Oertel: Vitzeroda and his church , p. 114f
  6. ^ Wilhelm Rein: Archaeological walks. The offices of Creuzburg, Gerstungen, Tiefenort and Vacha on the Werra . In: Journal of the association for Thuringian history and antiquity . tape 4 . Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1859, p. 428 .
  7. ↑ Manfred Oertel: Vitzeroda and his church , p. 75ff

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