Office Krayenberg

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The Amt Krayenberg , called Amt Tiefenort since 1703 , was a territorial administrative unit of the Ernestine duchies . From 1672 it belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach and from 1741 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which was elevated to the Grand Duchy in 1815.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The office of Krayenburg / Tiefenort in the Principality of Eisenach in the 18th century

The area of ​​the Krayenberg / Tiefenort district was in the valley of the central Werra , between the Thuringian Forest and the Rhön . In Dorndorf the Felda flows into the Werra. The name-giving mountain is the 428.3 m high Krayenberg on the northern bank of the Werra. The official area is today in the west of the Free State of Thuringia and belongs to the Wartburg district .

Adjacent administrative units

Friedewald Office (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel) Amt Frauensee (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel, became the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1816) Office Eisenach (Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach)
Vogtei Kreuzberg (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel) Neighboring communities Office Salzungen (partly to the County of Henneberg, after 1680 to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen)
Exclave Dietlas ( Office Salzungen , Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen) Lordship of Lengsfeld

history

The Dorndorfer Mark

The Dorndorfer Mark, as the area around the Franconian settlement "Villa (Königsgut) Thoranthorpf an der Unisoara" (Dorndorf) was called, was owned by the Hersfeld Abbey from 786 onwards as a gift from Emperor Charlemagne . In the 12th century , the Hersfeld abbots appointed ministerials to protect and administer the area and the old trade route from Erfurt to Frankfurt am Main . Initially these were the "Lords of Dorndorf", later the Lords of Frankenstein , who were a sideline of the Counts of Henneberg . They had their headquarters at Frankenstein Castle near Salzungen .

The Krayenburg protective castle on the Krayenberg near Tiefenort was first mentioned in 1155 as the "castrum" of the Hersfeld monastery. The Lords of Frankenstein held the castle as a Hersfeld fief and expanded it into one of the most important Romanesque structures in the central Werra Valley. Within sight of the castle, the Frauensee monastery was built on the lake of the same name in an extensive, sparsely populated forest area north of the castle. In 1202, the Thuringian Landgrave Hermann I appointed the Frankensteiners on the Krayenburg as guardians of this important Cistercian nunnery.

After disputes with the Fulda Monastery , the Lords of Frankenstein lost their feudal rights to the Krayenburg at the end of the 13th century, which now changed hands frequently. Ultimately, the Hersfeld monastery pledged the Krayenburg and surrounding properties to the Thuringian landgraves in 1407 . There were also multiple changes of ownership. In 1516 (other sources speak of 1525) Count Adam von Beichlingen bought the Krayenburg and the surrounding property.

Peasants' War and Reformation

As a result of the Peasants' War in the Werra Valley , farmers from the Krayenburg office joined the Werra heap of Vacha captain Hans Sippel . The neighboring Frauensee monastery was looted. However, the peasant uprising was brutally suppressed and the leaderless "Werrahaufen" dissolved. Landgrave Philip I of Hesse , who suppressed the peasant uprising in the hersfeld area, received the hersfeld monastery "zum See" (Frauensee) as a pledge, which was dissolved and whose area came into the possession of the Landgraviate of Hessen from 1540 .

Ernestine duchies

After the death of Count Bartholomäus Friedrich von Beichlingen in 1567, the autonomous petty lordship, which the Counts of Beichlingen had built up as feudal owners, fell to the Ernestine Duchy of Saxony .

In 1572 the Duchy of Saxony was divided into the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar and the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach in the division of Erfurt . The office of Krayenberg remained with the latter. In 1588, the dukes of Saxony , Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hessen-Kassel and the abbots of Hersfeld compared in the Treaty of Friedewald that the pledge against cession of the castle Wallenburg at Brotterode to Hersfeld, the 6th part to the city, office and Vogtei Treffurt an Hessen-Kassel, the Saxon share in the Haderholz and a sum of money should be canceled. When Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach was divided in 1596, the office was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach . From 1633 it belonged to the reunited Sachsen-Coburg-Eisenach line. After their extinction in 1638, the office fell to Saxony-Weimar when the country was divided with Eisenach and the Wartburg.

During the Thirty Years' War in 1640 Croatian imperial troops under General Isolani invaded the castle and plundered it. After that it fell into disrepair and was used as a quarry for the needs of the population.

As early as 1641 Saxony-Weimar was divided again and the office of Krayenberg came with Eisenach to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach under Duke Albrecht. After his death in 1644, Saxe-Eisenach was split in half between Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Weimar, with the city of Eisenach and the Wartburg falling back to Saxe-Weimar. The office of Krayenberg, however, came to Saxe-Gotha. This ceded the office of Krayenberg after the fall of ¾ of the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg in 1672 to Saxony-Weimar. As a result of the division of Saxony-Weimar, the office of Krayenberg came to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach, which was re-established in 1662 under Duke Johann Georg I.

In 1703 the official seat was moved from the dilapidated Krayenburg to Tiefenort , since then the office has been called "Amt Tiefenort" after the new capital. With the death of Wilhelm Heinrich von Sachsen-Eisenach in 1741, the Sachsen-Eisenach line became extinct. It was now finally connected to Saxe-Weimar and from then on formed the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach . After the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy was elevated to a Grand Duchy in 1815 and enlarged through territorial gains. In 1816 the previously Kurhessische Amt Frauensee was attached to the Amt Tiefenort .

In 1849/50, jurisdiction was separated from administration in the Grand Duchy . The former Frauensee office was again separated from the Tiefenort office. Tiefenort came with other offices of the Rhön to the administrative district of Dermbach , which was also referred to as the fourth administrative district , with its seat in Dermbach . This comprised the southern part of the former Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach , which was also known as the Eisenacher Oberland in the 19th century . From a legal point of view, the office was divided between the districts of Vacha and Lengsfeld. Only Ettenhausen came to the Eisenach administrative district (III. Administrative district) and was assigned to the Eisenach court office.

Associated places

Villages
Yards

Individual evidence

  1. ^ History of the castle and office of Krayenburg
  2. ↑ Earth description of the electoral and ducal Saxon lands
  3. ↑ [1]

literature

  • Kronfeld, Constantin: Thuringian-Saxon-Weimar history. - Weimar: Böhlau, 1878. - (Regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach; T. 1) / [reviewed by:] Ulrich Stechele

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