County likes

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The county match was a territorial administrative unit of the Ernestine duchies . It consisted of the city of Ohrdruf and several scattered places, all of which were initially under the patrimonial jurisdiction of the Counts of Gleichen . After the counts of Gleichen died out in 1631, the "Obergrafschaft" with Ohrdruf came as a fief to the Counts of Hohenlohe , the "Untergrafschaft" as a fief to the princes of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen , with sovereignty from 1640 on the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha , from 1672 to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and from 1826 to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . The castle Gleichen with Wandersleben, however, fell back to the Archbishopric Mainz in 1631 and came to Prussia in 1802 through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss .

Until the abolition of patrimonial jurisdiction in the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1848, the counties of Ober- and Unterleichen formed the spatial reference point for the collection of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and army successes .

Geographical location

The places of the Grafschaft Gleichen were scattered in the Thuringian Basin in the area of ​​the Drei Gleichen .

The upper county of Gleichen formed a contiguous area north of the Thuringian Forest between the Erfurt area (Mühlberg office), the lower county of Gleichen (Günthersleben) and the eastern offices of the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha. The horse life exclave was northeast of Gotha, the Werningshausen exclave north of Erfurt near Straussfurt . Rivers in the area were the Ohra , the Leina and the Apfelstädt . Horse life is on the Nesse , Werningshausen on the Gramme , a tributary of the Unstrut .

The places of the lower Grafschaft Gleichen were scattered between the Erfurt state, the upper Grafschaft Gleichen and the Gothaischen Amt Wachsenburg-Ichtershausen. Günthersleben is located on a tributary of the Apfelstädt, Sülzenbrücken am Weidbach , Stedten and Bischleben an der Gera .

The places of Grafschaft Gleichen are now in the center of Thuringia and mostly belong to the district of Gotha . Stedten is a district of Erfurt , Sülzenbrücken is in the Ilm district and Werningshausen in the Sömmerda district .

Adjacent administrative units

Since the founding of the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg in 1672 and the division of the state in 1680, the places of the Grafschaft Gleichen bordered on the following administrative units:

County of Obergleichen (Ohrdruf, Petriroda, Emleben, Wannigsroda, Schwabhausen, Wechmar)
County of Obergleichen (horse life)
  • North and East: Erfurt State (until 1802 to Kurmainz, 1815 finally to Prussia)
  • South and West: Office Gotha (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha)
County of Obergleichen (Werningshausen)
  • West and North: Offices Eckartsberga (exclave) and Weißensee (Electorate of Saxony, 1815 to the Prussian district of Weißensee )
  • East: Erfurt State (until 1802 to Kurmainz, 1815 finally to Prussia)
  • Southeast: Exclave Kranichborn (Electoral Saxon Office Weißensee, 1815 to the Prussian district of Weißensee)
  • South: Exclave Haßleben (Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, became the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1811 ( Office Großrudestedt ))
County of Unterleichen (Günthersleben)
  • West and Northwest: Office Gotha (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha)
  • Northeast: Seebergen exclave (Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, became the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha in 1823)
  • East and South: County of Obergleichen (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha)
County of Unterleichen (Sülzenbrücken)

The place formed an enclave in the Wachsenburg office with Ichtershausen (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha).

County of Unterleichen (Ingersleben and Stedten)
  • Northeast and southwest: Office Wachsenburg with Ichtershausen (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha)
  • Northwest and Southeast: Erfurt State (until 1802 to Kurmainz, 1815 finally to Prussia)
Wandering life and Gleichen Castle
  • North: Exclave Cobstädt ( Reinhardsbrunn Office , Duchy of Saxony-Gotha)
  • East: Office Wachsenburg with Ichtershausen (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha)
  • South: Amt Mühlberg (State of Erfurt, finally part of Prussia in 1815)
  • West: County of Obergleichen (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha)

history

Counts of equals

Gleichen Castle, first mentioned in 1034, came into the possession of the Archbishop of Mainz between 1134 and 1137 as a gift . With the acquisition of the castle, the Archdiocese of Mainz, to which the neighboring city of Erfurt belonged, consolidated its position of power in the area against the up-and-coming Thuringian count families of the Ludowinger, Schwarzburger and Kevernburger . The Archbishops of Mainz were able to win the Counts of Tonna as allies , who made them guardian of the city of Erfurt, the local Peterskloster and many other possessions in Central Thuringia. In 1162 they were given the Gleichen Castle as a fief by the Archbishop of Mainz, whereby a branch of the count's family has since called itself "Counts of Tonna and Gleichen", later shortened to " Counts of Gleichen ".

In the 13th century the Counts of Gleichen reached a high point in their power development, but because of their feudal ties to Mainz they came into increasing opposition to the Thuringian Landgrave House . As a result of a feud with the landgraves in 1178, Gleichen Castle was besieged and destroyed. In 1290 the counts sold their bailiwick rights in Erfurt to the city and in 1294 they had to sell their Eichsfeld possessions including castles to the archbishopric of Mainz . In 1373 the bailiwick of the Peterskloster also ended. This phase of decline experienced a turning point in 1342 when the Thuringian Landgrave Balthasar was enfeoffed with Ohrdruf . Count Hermann von Gleichen had already acquired the mayor's office in Ohrdruf in 1332, and two aristocratic families residing in the city ( Witzleben and Stutterheim ) had handed over their estates in Ohrdruf and Wechmar to the counts in 1351. The Counts of Gleichen had held the bailiwick in Ohrdruf since 1170. The property around Ohrdruf was increased again in 1409 through an inheritance from the property of the Lords of Salza , with which the Tonna line was originally intended. In addition to the Hersfeld Vogtei Ohrdruf, the towns of Emleben, Günthersleben, Wechmar and Schwabhausen as well as the village of Graefenhain on the northern edge of the Thuringian Forest had already come into the possession of the Counts of Gleichen. The latter was sold to the Georgenthal Abbey in 1230 . At the time of the acquisition of Ohrdruf, the counts became feudal men of the Margraves of Meißen from the House of Wettin , but they appeared in the register of the Reich until 1521 . After 1416, the three sons of the Count von Gleichen agreed on a division of the entire property. The third son, Count Ernst V, received the core property of the Grafschaft Gleichen, to which the towns of Günthersleben, Wechmar, Emleben, Sülzenbrücken, Wandersleben, Schwabhausen and Ohrdruf as well as the Steinsee below Gleichen Castle belonged. In 1455 the ancestral seat of the Counts von Gleichen was moved back to Tonna .

In 1525, as a result of the Peasants' War and the Reformation, the monastery in Ohrdruf was abandoned and handed over by the monks to the Counts of Gleichen. Around 1550 the former monastery was converted into the Ehrenstein Castle residence . In the following years the Gleichen Castle was given up as a residence and only used as an official residence and prison, which caused it to deteriorate. Count Philipp Ernst von Gleichen had received Gleichen Castle when property was divided and had a Renaissance castle built in the western part of the castle in 1588. After his brother, who ruled Tonna , died in 1590 , the residence of the Counts of Gleichen was officially moved to Ohrdruf. In 1599 Philipp Ernst von Gleichen gave up the mountain castle Gleichen and moved to the residential castle in Ohrdruf.

Division of the county after the Count of Gleichen died out in 1631

In 1631 the counts of the Counts of Gleichen and Tonna, belonging to the Upper Saxon Empire, died out.

Of the remaining estates, the "Obergrafschaft" (Ohrdruf, Emleben, Schwabhausen, Petriroda, Wechmar, Wannigsroda, Exklaven Pferdeleben and Werningshausen) came to the Counts of Hohenlohe as a fief , the "Untergrafschaft" (Günthersleben, Sülzenbrücken, Ingersleben, Stedten) as a fief to the princes of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (Schwarzburg-Arnstadt). The Tonna lordship came to the Tautenburg taverns , in 1638/40 to the County of Waldeck and in 1677 through purchase to the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg , which has since administered the area as an office.

The Gleichen Castle with Wandersleben, however, initially reverted to the Archbishopric Mainz. This enfeoffed the Hatzfelder with the castle and the place in 1635/39 . They called themselves now "Counts von Gleichen and Hatzfeld". Since the Hatzfelder only sent an administrator to Thuringia and remained in their home countries, the castle continued to deteriorate. After the Hatzfeld counts died out in 1793, the fiefdom of Gleichen and Wandersleben reverted to the archbishopric, which had the area administered separately. In 1802 the castle Gleichen and Wandersleben became Prussian by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , in 1806 they came under the rule of the French. From 1815 they finally belonged to the Prussian administrative district of Erfurt and formed an exclave with the adjacent former Kurmainzisch-Erfurtischen Amt Mühlberg.

County equals and equals

State sovereignty over the counties of Upper and Lower Equal initially remained jointly owned by the entire House of Saxony-Weimar and in 1657 came under the sole ownership of the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha . From 1672 the state sovereignty lay with the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg , with which it remained after the Gotha main recession of 1680.

The county of Obergleichen became a fief of the Counts of Hohenlohe in 1631 as a result of an inheritance contract . They maintained a chancellery and consistory in Ohrdruf until 1848 . In 1663 the Counts of Hohenlohe divided the Upper Counties under the lines Hohenlohe-Neuenstein and Hohenlohe-Langenburg as follows:

  • Ohrdruf: each line received half of the city and Ehrenstein Castle
  • Wechmar and Exklave Pferdeleben: each line received half
  • Emleben, Petriroda, Schwabhausen: to the Langenburg line
  • Exclave Werningshausen: remained jointly owned by both lines
  • Wannigsroda manor: the courts were directly subordinate to the ducal state government of Gotha

The four scattered places of the County of Unterleichen came in 1631 as a fief to the princes of Schwarzburg- Arnstadt as a result of the succession agreement, from whom the princes of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen inherited it.

Complete integration into the state territory of Saxony-Gotha

After the Saxon-Gotha-Altenburg line had died out, the Hildburghausen Partition Treaty of November 12, 1826 resulted in a comprehensive restructuring of the Ernestine duchies . The places of the counties Ober- and Unterleichen came as part of Saxe-Gotha to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , whose two parts of the country were henceforth governed in personal union.

With the abolition of patrimonial jurisdiction in 1848, the "Kanzleibezirk Ohrdruf" of the Upper County of Gleichen was dissolved and the state "Justice Office Ohrdruf" was set up as an administrative and judicial authority for the places around Ohrdruf. The town of Gospiteroda , which was also owned by the Counts of Hohenlohe, and the towns of Black Forest, Luisenthal and Stutzhaus (from the Black Forest Office ) and Crawinkel mit Wölfis (from the Wachsenburg Office with Ichtershausen ) were affiliated with this. The sub-county of Gleichen has been divided. While Günthersleben was assigned to the Gotha Justice Office, Ingersleben, Stedten and Sülzenbrücken came to the Ichtershausen Justice Office.

The Duchy of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha was divided into independent cities and district offices in 1858. The Ohrdruf Justice Office was subordinated to the Ohrdruf District Office in administrative tasks , the Gotha and Ichtershausen Justice Offices to the Gotha District Office . In 1879 the Gotha Justice Offices were converted into local courts. The Ohrdruf district court took over the judicial tasks of the Ohrdruf judicial office and the Gotha district court took over the judicial tasks of the Gotha and Ichtershausen judicial offices.

Associated places

County superior equals

Cities
  • Ohrdruf (both count lines of Hohenlohe have a share in the city)
Villages of the Langenburg line of the Counts of Hohenlohe
Villages of the Neuenstein line of the Counts of Hohenlohe
  • Horse life (half)
  • Wechmar (half)
Villages jointly owned by both count lines of Hohenlohe
Manor
  • Wannigsroda (courts were directly under the ducal state government of Gotha)
Castles and Palaces

County under equals

Villages

Fief of the Archbishopric of Mainz, 1802 to Prussia

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Ohrdruf justice office in the Thuringia archive portal
  2. ^ The Gotha Justice Office in the Thuringia archive portal
  3. ^ The Ichtershausen Justice Office in the Thuringia archive portal

literature

  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 .
  • Caspar Sagittarius : Thorough and detailed history of the Grafschaft Gleichen. Frankfurt a. M. 1732. ( e-copy )

Web links