Reign of Tonna

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Tonna dominion was a territorial administrative unit of the Ernestine duchies . It consisted of several villages around the place Gräfentonna north of Gotha, all of which were initially under the patrimonial jurisdiction of the Counts of Tonna and equals . After the Counts of Tonna and Gleichen died out in 1631, the Tonna rulership came to the Tautenburg taverns and in 1640 to the County of Waldeck . After the sale to the Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg in 1677, the rule was continued as Amt Tonna . From 1826 onwards, sovereignty lay with the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha .

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha in 1858 and the associated dissolution, the former rule of Tonna as an office formed the spatial reference point for the demand for sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , judiciary and army successes .

Geographical location

The domain of Tonna was in the southern Thuringian Basin north of Gotha . The Niederpflege was to the northwest, the Oberpflege southeast of the Fahner Höhe . The places Gräfentonna and Burgtonna are on the Tonna , which drains into the Unstrut . Aschara, Eckardtsleben and Illeben are located on tributaries of the Tonna. The villages of Döllstädt, Töttelstädt and Bienstädt are located on tributaries of the Gera , which also drains into the Unstrut. Eschenbergen is located southwest of the Fahner Höhe; the streams in the local area drain into the Nesse and with it into the Werra .

The places of the Tonna lordship are now in the center of Thuringia . Gräfentonna, Burgtonna, Dölstädt and Bienstädt are in the north of the Gotha district . Töttelstädt is a district of Erfurt ; Illeben, Aschara and Eckardtsleben belong to the Unstrut-Hainich district .

Adjacent administrative units

Since the founding of the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg in 1672 and the division of the state in 1680, the towns of the Tonna lordship bordered on the following administrative units:

Low maintenance
Senior care
  • North: Rule of Fahner (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha)
  • East and South: Erfurt State (until 1802 to Kurmainz, 1815 finally to Prussia)
  • West: Office Gotha (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha)

history

The dominion of Tonna under the counts of Tonna and equals

The chain castle in Gräfentonna

In the area around Tonna north of Gotha there is evidence that from the end of the 11th century the dynasty of the Counts of Tonna and later Counts of Gleichen ruled . Their ancestral home was the Kettenburg Castle in Gräfentonna. Count Erwin I († 1116) was mentioned as the first regent in 1089, who referred to himself as "Count of Tonna" after the headquarters of Tonna.

The Counts of Tonna were in the service of the Archbishops of Mainz and in 1120 acquired the bailiwick over the city of Erfurt , of which they have been guardian since then. Furthermore, they had extensive land and fiefdoms, especially in the area around Erfurt and Eichsfeld , including several castles. In 1162, the Archdiocese of Mainz enfeoffed Count Erwin II († around 1193) with Gleichen Castle near Gotha, after which a line of the family has since called itself Counts of Tonna and Gleichen and later Counts of Gleichen . Gleichen Castle itself became its new ancestral seat until 1455, before it was moved back to Tonna (Gräfentonna). Under Lambert II von Gleichen, the Counts of Tonna and Gleichen reached a high point in their power development in the 13th century, but because of their feudal ties to Mainz they came into increasing opposition to the Thuringian Landgrave House .

In 1290 the counts sold their bailiwick rights in Erfurt to the city, and in 1294 they had to sell their Eichsfeld possessions including castles to the archbishopric of Mainz . In 1373 the bailiwick of the Peterskloster in Erfurt also ended. This phase of decline experienced a turning point in 1342 when the Thuringian Landgrave Balthasar was enfeoffed with Ohrdruf . In the period that followed, the county of Gleichen was created around the city through further territorial acquisitions . At the same time the counts became feudal men of the Wettin Margraves of Meissen , but they appeared in the register of the empire until 1521 . The dominions Blankenhain , Niederkranichfeld and Remda owned a branch line .

After 1416, the three sons of the Count von Gleichen agreed on a division of the entire property. The second son, Hans Ludwig von Gleichen, received the rule of Tonna. He resided at Schloss Kettenburg in Tonna and was thus the master of the places Gräfentonna, Burgtonna, Töttelstädt, Aschara, Döllstädt, Eckardtsleben, Illeben and Bienstädt. In 1455 the ancestral seat of the Counts von Gleichen was moved back to Tonna. After the last regent died in the Tonna rulership in 1590, the residence of the Counts of Gleichen was officially relocated to Ohrdruf, where the Ehrenstein Castle had been the new residence of the Counts of Gleichen since 1550. During the Thirty Years War , the villages of Östertonna and Reifenheim were devastated.

In 1631 the counts of the Counts of Gleichen and Tonna, belonging to the Upper Saxon Empire, died out. Of the remaining estates, the " Obergrafschaft Gleichen " with Ohrdruf came as a fief to the Counts of Hohenlohe , the " Untergrafschaft Gleichen " as a fief to the princes of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (Schwarzburg-Arnstadt). The castle Gleichen with Wandersleben initially fell back to the Archbishopric Mainz and came to Prussia in the 19th century .

The Tonna lordship, however, came to the von Tautenburg taverns , in 1638/40 to the county of Waldeck and in 1677 by purchase to the duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg , which has since administered the area as an office .

The Tonna office under the dukes of Saxe-Gotha

The chain castle, d. H. the "old Count's Castle" served from the middle of the 17th century until 1861 as the royal office of the Duke of Saxe-Gotha. In 1677 the "New Castle" was built on the market in Gräfentonna on behalf of Duke Friedrich I of Saxe-Gotha . The equal share of Eschenbergen belonged to the Tonna office after the acquisition of the former equal rule Tonna in 1677. This remained with the " Gothaer Hauptrezess " in 1680 with the greatly reduced Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg.

After the Saxon-Gotha-Altenburg line had died out, the Hildburghausen Partition Treaty of November 12, 1826 resulted in a comprehensive restructuring of the Ernestine duchies . The Tonna office came as part of Saxe-Gotha to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , whose two parts of the country were henceforth governed in personal union. During the administrative reform that took place in 1830, the Tonna office was continued as the Tonna Justice Office, to which, in addition to the nine administrative locations, the three northernmost locations of the Gotha office (Ballstädt, Eschenbergen (part of the office) and Wiegleben) and the three locations of the Fahner rule ( Großfahner, Kleinfahner, Gierstädt) came.

The Duchy of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha was divided into independent cities and district offices in 1858. The Tonna Justice Office was subordinated to the Gotha District Office in administrative tasks . The Tonna Justice Office initially continued to function as a judicial authority. It was enlarged in 1858 to include the Herbsleben district court district and in 1869 to include the district of the Volkenroda judicial office , which as an exclave had previously maintained its own administration. In 1879 the Gotha Justice Offices were converted into local courts. The Tonna District Court took over the judicial tasks of the Tonna Justice Office.

Associated places

Low maintenance

Villages
Castles and Palaces
Desolation
  • Ostertonna
  • Reifenheim

Senior care

Villages
Desolation
  • Hofhusen (near Bienstädt)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Eberhardt:  Gleichen, Grafen von .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 444 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ The Tonna Justice Office in the Thuringia Archives
  3. ^ Homepage of the Herbsleben community
  4. ^ The Volkenroda Justice Office in the Thuringia Archives

literature

  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 .

Web links