Office Langensalza

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The Langensalza office around 1754

The office of Langensalza was a territorial administrative unit in the Thuringian district of the Electorate of Saxony, which was converted into a kingdom in 1806 . It belonged to the "Upper District" of the Thuringian district and was part of the Albertine secondary school principality of Saxony-Weißenfels between 1657 and 1746 .

Until it was ceded to Prussia in 1815, as a Saxon office it formed the spatial reference point for the collection of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and military service .

Geographical expansion

The Langensalza office was in the west of the Thuringian Basin on the upper reaches of the Unstrut , which flowed through the office in the center from northwest to southeast. The town of Langensalza is located on the Salza , a tributary of the Unstrut. The official area extended from Hainich in the west to the Heilinger Heights in the northeast. The territory included u. a. three cities and an exclave . In the eastern part, Bruchstedt was a Schwarzburg enclave . The office was the westernmost territory that was under the sole sovereignty of the Electorate of Saxony.

The official area is now largely in the Unstrut-Hainich district in the north-west of the Free State of Thuringia . Today only Freienbessingen belongs to the Kyffhäuserkreis .

Adjacent administrative units

Since the founding of the duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg in the south in 1672, the Albertine office of Langensalza has bordered the following areas:

In the eastern part, Bruchstedt was an exclave of the dominion of the Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. In the southeast, Großvargula, an exclave of the Electorate of Mainz, bordered the Erfurt state , which partly belonged to the Langensalza office.

history

Lords of Salza

In the 12th century, the Lords of Salza initiated the construction of a castle complex in the settlement "Salzaha", first mentioned around 900, on the small river of the same name, which they took on. The Dryburg became the ancestral seat of this ministerial family of the Thuringian landgraves . They were in possession of the right to mint and owned a mint in Salza in the 13th century , which is proven by coin finds.

Due to inheritance disputes, three brothers from the von Salza dynasty sold their rights to the castle and the Salza settlement, which was elevated to a town in 1212, to the Thuringian landgrave, the Wettin Friedrich II , the serious, while the fourth brother his share to the archbishop Henry III. sold by Mainz. In the spring of 1346, in the Thuringian Count Feud (1342-1346), the Landgrave's troops conquered the city, which had since been occupied by the Mainz. Salza and the Dryburg were almost completely destroyed by fire. Johann, Heinrich, Günther and Friedrich von Salza were enfeoffed by Landgrave Friedrich, their liege lord, in 1347 in other places with new rights and goods. In 1409 the von Salza family died out in the male line.

Wettin-Kurmainz double rule

The Thuringian Landgrave Friedrich II from the House of Wettin and the Archbishop of Mainz agreed after the Thuringian Count War in 1346 on joint administration and in 1350 on joint ownership of the town and castle. The "districtus salza" had been under the rule of the Wettins since 1350. The rebuilt Dryburg was located within the city after the construction of an extended city wall, which meant that it lost its defensive function. In the future it only served as a residential and official residence. With the departure of the Archdiocese of Mainz in 1387, the common rule ended, whereby the city and castle were now in the sole possession of the Wettins.

Albertine Duchy and Electorate of Saxony

When the rule of the Salza office passed to the Wettins in 1387, the neighboring “ Thamsbrück Office ” was still listed as independent. The castle Thamsbrück was probably built in 1149 by Landgrave of Thuringia. The castle and the later town of Thamsbrück were courts of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, which were administered by bailiffs . The last bailiff in Thamsbrück was in office until 1490, then the seat was moved to Langensalza and the office was added to the Salza office.

The bailiff von Salza was also responsible for the administration of the Albertine-Saxon part of the Ganerbschaft Treffurt with the bailiwick of Dorla as well as the Ebeleben office, which was under lordship of the Counts of Schwarzburg and the Wettin landgraves of Thuringia . The latter was as schriftsässiges expected Good to the Official Salza, it bordered only with the exclave Bothenheilingen directly to the Office.

Through the division of Leipzig in 1485, the northern part of Thuringia with the city and the office of Salza and Dryburg came to the Albertine line of the House of Wettin . The castle was transformed into a representative palace in the period that followed. During the German Peasants' War , Dryburg Castle and the city of Salza were besieged by several hundred farmers and citizens from the city of Mühlhausen . However, there was no major damage. As a result of the Schmalkaldic War , the Wettins' electoral dignity passed from the Ernestines to the Albertines in 1547 , making the Salza office with the north and north-east of the former Landgraviate of Thuringia now part of the Albertine Electorate of Saxony . Due to the necessary reorganization of the Saxon administration, the Salza office has since been part of the "Upper District" of the newly formed Thuringian District . In 1554, Elector August ceded the neighboring office of Herbsleben to the Ernestines in the Naumburg Treaty without the city of Tennstedt . Since then she has belonged to the Salza office. The city of Salza was first mentioned in 1578 as "Langensalza", and the office was also mentioned as "Amt Langensalza" in the following years.

From 1657-1746 included city and department Langensalza to Albertine Sekundogenitur -Fürstentum Saxe-Weissenfels . The Electorate of Saxony, however, reserved the supervision of the writers in the offices left to the secondary school. The newly created Tennstedt district office took on this task for the offices of Langensalza, Sangerhausen and Weißensee in the Thuringian district . Only the written city of Tennstedt, in which the seat of the district office was located, was directly subordinate to the district office. Furthermore, this district office was entrusted with the exercise of the sovereign rights of the Electorate of Saxony in the areas of Thuringia outside the Wettin territory, u. a. the Ganerbschaft Treffurt with the Bailiwick Dorla and the Schwarzburg office of Ebeleben.

After the Saxony-Weißenfels branch line had expired, the Langensalza office fell back to the main Albertine line in 1746. The Tennstedt district office retained its previous function. With the appointment of the Electorate of Saxony to the Kingdom , the office belonged to the Kingdom of Saxony from 1806 .

Assignment to Prussia

After the period of French rule, as a result of the defeat of the Kingdom of Saxony at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, it was decided to assign territories to the Kingdom of Prussia . a. concerned the entire Thuringian district with its offices. The office Langensalza belonged from 1816 with the exclaves Bothenheilingen and Bruchstedt of the Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen to the newly founded district of Langensalza in the administrative district of Erfurt in the Prussian province of Saxony . Only the exclave Zaunröden came to the district of Worbis . Dryburg Castle was now the seat of various offices, u. a. the rent office , the salary office, the main tax office and the district office. From 1838 the royal district court also had its seat in the castle.

Associated places

Cities
Villages
Partial ownership with the Electoral Mainz State of Erfurt
Castles and Palaces

Bailiffs

u. a.

  • Parakeet from Berlepsch (around 1525)
  • Hartmann Goldacker (around 1540)
  • Johann Rockenthien (1694/1739)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Naumburg Treaty in the chronicle of the city of Langensalza in Thuringia, pp. 207f.
  2. ^ The Tennstedt Office in the Saxony-Anhalt State Archives
  3. ↑ Places of the district of Worbis in the municipality register 1900
  4. ↑ Local history on the homepage of Großvargula

Web links

Commons : Amt Langensalza  - Collection of images, videos and audio files