Office of Creuzburg (Saxony-Eisenach)

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The office of Creuzburg was a territorial administrative unit of the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach . It belonged with the part of Saxony-Eisenach to various Ernestine duchies . From 1741 it belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which in 1815 became the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The office of Creuzburg in the Principality of Eisenach in the 18th century

The office of Creuzburg was in the Werra valley between Ringgau in the west, Hainich in the east, Thuringian Forest in the south and the Schnellmannshäuser Valley in the north. Werra tributaries in the office are the lower Hörsel , the Ifta , the Lauterbach and the Schnellmannshäuser Bach . Mountains in office were u. a. the Stöckigtsberg and the Breitenberg . The Rennsteig begins in Hörschel in the Thuringian Forest .

The official area is today in the west of the Free State of Thuringia and in the north of the Wartburg district . The western official border has been a state or state border for centuries and was part of the inner-German border between 1945 and 1990 .

Adjacent administrative units

The Creuzburg office bordered the following areas:

history

Wettin Landgraviate of Thuringia

The area around Creuzburg came into the possession of the Ludowingian Landgraves of Thuringia in 1137 . After their extinction, the Wettins became the new Landgraves of Thuringia during the Thuringian War of Succession (1247–1264) . Among them, the Creuzburg Castle , built from 1165 to 1170, became the administrative center of the Creuzburg District , which extended in the east to the ridge of the Hainich, in the south to the Hörseltal, in the west to the Ringgau and in the north to the Heldrastein . In addition to its administrative function, the Creuzburg also had a protective function for the Werra Bridge in the town of Creuzburg, which was founded in 1213 and over which the Lange Hessen trade route ran from Frankfurt to Eisenach. The Lords of Creuzburg were castle knights on the castle of the same name. They served as landlords and feudal lords under the Thuringian landgraves, from whom they were enfeoffed with some places in the Creuzburg office in the following years.

After a feud with the knights of Treffurt , their previously independent territory, which was north of Creuzburg, was divided up between the three victorious powers, the Landgraves of Thuringia and Hesse and the Archdiocese of Mainz , in 1336 . During this process of division, the Ganerbschaft Treffurt was created . Some peripheral areas fell to the respective neighboring rulers as compensation for the war costs. The upper Schnellmannshausen valley with Volteroda, Schrapfendorf and Hattengehau as well as half (upper) part of Schnellmannshausen came to the Wettin office of Creuzburg. The Treffurter gentlemen were appointed guardian of the Zella provost and by Bischofroda in 1104 . After the defeat of the Treffurt knights, the Zella provost remained with Kurmainz and was still administered from the Erfurt Peterskloster , but the guardian of the Creuzburg now took over the protection. The associated possessions in Bischofroda and Hötzelsroda, however, were incorporated into the Creuzburg office.

Electorate of Saxony

The Thuringian possessions of the Wettins were gradually integrated into the state of Wettin, which also included the Margraviate of Meißen and, from 1423, the Duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg . With the acquisition of the electoral dignity of Saxony-Wittenberg, these areas became part of the Electorate of Saxony , the government of Thuringia was carried out by other Wettin relatives at that time. Elector Frederick the meek received in 1440 by a wettinischen escheat ultimately the Landgraviate Thuringia.

During the Leipzig division of the Wettin possessions between the brothers Ernst and Albrecht , the Creuzburg office came to the Ernestine Electorate of Saxony in 1485 as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia . The Reformation was introduced in 1523. As a result of the Peasants' War , the monks left the Zella provost near Frankenroda in 1525. According to the hereditary contracts, the provost's office was restored. But since the neighboring places had already converted to Protestantism , the reoccupation of the small monastery showed little success and the place was converted into an agricultural estate. However, until the prelatic fiefdoms in Bischofroda and Berka before Hainich fell to the ducal office of Creuzburg, some residents of the Protestant villages remained tied to the Archdiocese of Mainz as subjects of the Peterskloster in Erfurt on the basis of the ongoing contracts.

Due to the consequences of the Schmalkaldic War , the Ernestines lost their electoral dignity in 1547, whereby their possessions were united in the Duchy of Saxony .

Ernestine duchies

When Erfurt divided the Duchy of Saxony in 1572, the office of Creuzburg was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach . As a result of various inheritance divisions and territorial associations, the office then belonged to the following duchies:

  • 1596–1633: Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach
  • 1633–1638: Duchy of Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach
  • 1638–1641: Duchy of Saxony-Weimar
  • 1641–1644: Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach
  • 1644–1662: Duchy of Saxony-Weimar
  • 1662–1741: Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach.

Since 1741 the office of Creuzburg belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which was made a Grand Duchy in 1815.

In 1849/50, jurisdiction was separated from administration in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The office of Creuzburg came with other offices of the Eisenacher Kreis to the Eisenach administrative district , which is also known as III. Administrative district was designated. With the introduction of the new judicial system in 1879, the entire previous judicial office of Creuzburg with the districts of Bischofroda, Creuzburg, Ebenau, Ifta, Krauthausen, Madelungen, Mihla, Pferdsdorf, Scherbda, Schnellmannshausen, Spichra, Uetteroda, Volteroda and Wolfmannsgehau was incorporated into the district court district of Eisenach.

Associated places

Cities
Official Villages

For the place Ebenshausen , which was in the exclave of the Haineck office (Hopffgarten's court in the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha), the Creuzburg office took care of civil jurisdiction. The criminal jurisdiction lay with the men of Hopffgarten , duties and taxes had to be paid to the men of Harstall in Mihla .

Noble villages
Yards
Castles
Desolation
  • at Berka in front of the Hainich: Ettenroda and Sultzrieden
  • near Bischofroda: Hahnerode, lime kiln
  • at Mihla: Harstall, Almenhausen and Werthausen
  • at Scherbda: Hinterscherbda
  • at Schnellmannshausen: Reimannshausen and Hilvershausen

literature

  • Kronfeld, Constantin: Thuringian-Saxon-Weimar history. - Weimar: Böhlau, 1878. - (Regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach; T. 1) / [reviewed by:] Ulrich Stechele

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