Bischofroda

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '  N , 10 ° 22'  E
Basic data
State :	Thuringia
County :	Wartburg district
Management Community :	Hainich-Werra Valley
Height :	225 m above sea level NHN
Area :	10.05 km 2
Residents:	640 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	64 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	99826
Area code :	036924
License plate :	WAK, SLZ
Community key :	16 0 63 008
Association administration address:	Michael-Praetorius-Platz 2 99831 Creuzburg
Website :	www.vg-hainich-werratal.de
Mayor :	Eckbert Dietzel (UWG Bischofroda)
Location of the community of Bischofroda in the Wartburg district

Bischofroda is a municipality of the administrative community Hainich-Werratal in the Wartburg district in Thuringia . It has about 700 inhabitants and is characterized by old half-timbered houses and farms.

location

Bischofroda is located in the middle section of the Lauterbach valley , about ten kilometers north of Eisenach . The place is a national park community and lies on the western edge of the Hainich National Park . The landscape of Bischofroda, which is characterized by fields and meadows, is bordered in the west by the Mihlaer Berg . The Bischofroda quarry is located in a forest near the Reitberg. State road 2113 connects Bischofroda with the neighboring towns of Mihla and Berka in front of the Hainich .

history

First mention

The first written mention of the place took place in 1104. The place name supposedly reminds of the Mainz Bishop Ruthard of Mainz (* 1088; † May 2, 1109), he came from a noble family that was also wealthy in Thuringia. Bischofroda was given by Ruthard to the nascent provost's office Zella near Falken an der Werra , so that the monastery should be given an economic basis. The connection between the village of Bischofroda and Probsteizella remained in place until 1922.

The folk etymological explanation of the village name as a reference to the bishop is unlikely, however. In the Middle Ages, the use of the word 'bishop' as a functional designation was atypical - if so, then the name of the specific bishop who founded, acquired or granted rights to the place would have been chosen, especially with such a dominant figure as Ruthard.

The location on a mountain in particular suggests another explanation for the place name. It follows the vascular hypothesis . The Munich linguist Theo Vennemann , who advocates this hypothesis, points out that existing toponyms (place names) are usually adopted by new immigrants (linguistic substrate). A conspicuous accumulation of similar names in a similar geography would therefore be an indicator of an existing word in an earlier settlement phase. The accumulation of "bishop" place names on each elongated mountain ridge suggests that this could also have been the case here (although in individual cases it can of course always be a coincidence or another derivation). In any case, this topological description clearly fits "Bischoffroda", as well as many other, similar place names. The vasconic hypothesis is based on an old European language , the last existing relic of which is Basque . There is the word 'bizkar' which means 'ridge', 'elongated hill in the mountains'. This toponymic description applies here in particular to the monastery.

If this explanation were to be correct, it would also mean that the region was settled in old European times. Accordingly, the area of ​​today's place Bischoffroda would have been inhabited before the Indo-European conquest, i.e. before the third millennium BC. In fact, excavations in the region indicate settlement as early as Neolithic times.

Desolation around Bischofroda

The place Bischofroda is one of the clearing settlements of the high medieval state development in the Hainich area. In today's corridor of Bischofroda there was another settlement called "Hahnerode" just north of the settlement on a hillside, the place was handed down as a desert. Another desert was in the middle Kalkgrund in a side valley of the Lauterbach. The traditional place name “Kalkofen” was last found in a contract text for two desolate farmsteads as splinter property of the Hersfeld monastery on August 7, 1421.

middle Ages

Knight Hans Jorg von Creutzburg (grave monument of the local nobleman who died in 1584 in the Bischofrodaer church.)

As early as the 13th century, the neighboring monasteries in Eisenach and Lupnitz were given properties in Bischofroda through donations or exchange agreements. Around the year 1300 the village of Bischofroda was mentioned as the property of the Landgrave of Thuringia and in 1348 a landgrave granted rights of use to the Bischofrodaer mill. The Probsteizella and Bischofroda already formed a splinter property in the Landgraviate of Thuringia , but they remained permanently under the Erfurt Peterskloster . A third of the neighboring town of Berka in front of the Hainich also belonged to the Peterskloster area. The moated castle in Berka, today Berka Castle on the western edge of the village, secured the property and was at the same time a Fronhof of the monastery. The lords of Creuzburg had settled in the castle as burgmen through feudal connections with the Archdiocese of Mainz , the family also had possessions from the Wettins and other sovereigns in various places in the Werra Valley to Philippsthal (Werra) and originally came from the ranks of the Thuringian landgraves .

Around the turn of the 14th century, the once respected lords of Treffurt became robber barons and repeatedly plundered villages in the Thuringian-Hessian border area, resulting in a siege of the city of Treffurt and Normannstein Castle by the Archbishop of Mainz and the Landgraves of Thuringia and Hesse led. In 1333 the beaten knights had to leave their castle, but soon returned again, which led to another siege, which ended in 1336 with the final expulsion of the Lords of Treffurt . Their fiefdoms were then jointly administered as booty from Mainz, Thuringia and Hesse as Ganerbschaft Treffurt by officials who from then on lived in the restored castle. The Treffurter had been appointed guardian of the Probsteizella and by Bischofroda in 1104, and the bailiff of Creuzburg Castle took their place (apparently with the consent of the Archdiocese of Mainz) , and Bischofroda was incorporated into the Wettin office of Creuzburg . These peculiar legal relationships were also due to a partial pledge to the Creuzburg family and were often the cause of legal disputes and conflicts of interest.

Modern times

The castle built in 1752

With the introduction of the Reformation, Martin Luther's teaching was also accepted in the Bischofrodaer community , which led to tensions with the Peterskloster. The turmoil of the Peasant War, the plague, the ravages of the Thirty Years' War and the witch hunt also hit Bischofroda. After the death of Colonel Georg Ernst von Creuzburg in 1742, this line died out and Bischofroda became the subject of a legal dispute between Duke Ernst August von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach and the Peterskloster.

In 1752 the castle Bischofroda was built, in that year 512 inhabitants lived in the place, there were 106 houses. In 1765, a description of the office was made in the Creuzburg office, and this data was recorded for Bischofroda: the arable land was estimated at 585 hectares of land, there were 42 hectares of meadows and 164 hectares of forest. The Kammergut owned a further 173 hectares of arable land. 57 horses, 300 cattle, 828 sheep, 262 pigs and 98 beehives were listed as livestock. These numbers prove a certain prosperity and differ significantly from neighboring places at the end of the Seven Years War.

The chamber property, equipped with representative half-timbered houses as the main building, was the seat of the Mainz administrators until 1803. The episcopal coat of arms is still to be found on the main portal of the palace building, which was newly built in 1752. Previously, the administrative headquarters were in a simple half-timbered house known as the Old Castle , the moated castle in Berka in front of the Hainich had already been privately owned in the 17th century.

politics

Municipal council

The municipality council in Bischofroda consists of eight council members.

• Independent voter community Bischofroda: 5 seats
• Home club: 2 seats
• Freiwillige Feuerwehr eV: 1 seat

(As of: local election on May 26, 2019 )

mayor

Eckbert Dietzel was elected honorary mayor on June 6, 2010. In 2016 he was re-elected.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Bischofroda

The coat of arms attached to the castle was adopted as the municipal coat of arms. The symbolism is explained in the commemorative publication for the 900th anniversary:

The episcopal coat of arms shows the eye of God in the middle in the oval, underneath an anchor and a heart surrounded by flames, the pictorial symbols for faith, love and hope. Above the oval you can see a bishop's cap and above it the bishop's staff, on the left the key of Peter, on the right the sword of power. A flowing ribbon on the bishop's cap bears the inscription IN DEO SPES MEA (God is my hope). There is an angel's head under the oval.

The coat of arms stone at the castle also shows the chronogram 1752, on both sides of this coat of arms the sculptor added tendrils that were still in use in the Baroque period; this was not included in the local coat of arms.

Attractions

The town center around the church and castle

• The village church with a fortified tower and sacristy from the Romanesque period and a Knauf organ from 1861 is one of the oldest churches in the Wartburg district.
• In the center of the village there is a half-timbered castle built in 1752, which also houses the registry office of the Mihla administrative association. The episcopal coat of arms above the portal is now the coat of arms of the community.
• The place is characterized by half-timbered buildings, one of which is a historically shaped courtyard with a residential building from 1526. This main house, next to the village church, is probably the oldest, almost completely preserved building in the village.

Others

• During earthworks in the quarry, a "petrified goat's horn" was discovered in the early 1990s and sent with a soil sample to the archaeometric laboratory of the Senckenberg Museum . According to the paleontologist Willi Ziegler from Frankfurt / M, the find turned out to be. than 2000 year old leftover food and was probably disposed of in a hunting camp or by shepherds at a fireplace.
• In 1992 Bischofroda became district and state winner in the competition " Our village should be more beautiful ".
• In 1993 the place was able to achieve a 3rd place at the federal level.
• In 2005, the Bischofroda volunteer fire brigade celebrated its 120th anniversary.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
2. ↑ Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. Wartburgkreis, district of Gotha, district-free city of Eisenach . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 2. Erfurt 1999.
3. ^ W. Böttger: 900 years of Bischofroda in 2004 . Ed .: Municipal administration Bischofroda. Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, p. 6-11 .
4. ↑ Paul Bottom, Rainer Lämmerhirt : deserted villages in Hainich area . In: West Thuringian Heimatschriften . tape 5 . Mihla 1995, p. 12-14 .
5. ^ W. Böttger: 900 years Bischofroda ... 2004, p. 10-11 .
6. ^ W. Böttger: 900 years Bischofroda ... 2004, p. 14 .
7. ^ W. Böttger: 900 years Bischofroda ... 2004, p. 20-21 .
8. ↑ Local elections in Thuringia on May 26, 2019. Elections of the community and city council members. Preliminary results. The regional returning officer, accessed on May 29, 2019 . 
9. ↑ Local elections in Thuringia on June 6, 2010. Mayoral election. The regional returning officer, accessed on June 6, 2010 . 
10. ↑ Local elections in Thuringia on June 5, 2016. Mayoral election. The regional returning officer, accessed on June 2, 2019 . 
11. ^ W. Böttger: 900 years Bischofroda ... 2004, p. 34 .
12. ^ W. Böttger: 900 years Bischofroda ... 2004, p. 131 .

literature

• W. Böttger: 900 years Bischofroda in 2004 , community Bischofroda (ed.), Printing and publishing house Frisch, Eisenach 2004

Web links

Commons : Bischofroda  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files