Treffurt (noble family)

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The lords of Treffurt (also: Trifurte, Drivordia, Drevurt) were an old knightly, Thuringian noble family . Their possessions were in the west of Thuringia around Treffurt and in the adjacent northeast of Hesse around Spangenberg .

Origin and meaning of the name

Treffurt is a settlement or place name of a city in the west of Thuringia . In the town of Treffurt north of Eisenach , three fords once led across the Werra . The name "Treffurt" is thus a modification of "Trifurt (e)".

history

The reign Treffurt

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Treffurt Castle (now called Burg Normannstein )

The Lords of Treffurt (Trifurte, Drivordia, Drevurt) first appeared in 1104 with Bilgerim (Pilgrim) in an archbishopric of Mainz . By 1192 at the latest, they were ministerials to the Ludovingian landgraves of Thuringia . Around 1200 they extended the landgrave's watch tower in Treffurt to become Treffurt Castle . The Treffurter knights were employed there as guardians.

After the death of the last Ludowingian Landgrave of Thuringia and King Heinrich Raspe IV (died 1247), a conflict over several decades over the supremacy between the Wettins as the new Landgrave of Thuringia, the Landgraves , raged in West Thuringia, beginning with the Thuringian War of Succession of Hesse and the Archdiocese of Mainz as well as other parties to the conflict. Friedrich II. Von Treffurt offered the Wettin margrave Heinrich von Meißen strong resistance when he wanted to take possession of the Landgraviate of Thuringia. As a result, he was not included in the Treaty of Weißenfels , through which the Thuringian counts submitted, but had to swear mischief. He sought reference to the Roman-German King Wilhelm , who appointed him to the mayor of the imperial city of Mühlhausen in 1254 .

The gentlemen from Treffurt then became determined supporters of the Thuringian landgraves from the Wettin family. When the Roman-German King Adolf moved to Thuringia in 1294, he had to besiege the Treffurt Castle (today: Burg Normannstein ). In the 13th century, the lords of Treffurt had managed to free themselves from feudal sovereignty and create an independent territory in their own possession in the Werra Valley.

At the turn of the 14th century, the lords of Treffurt became robber barons. They raided their cousins' castle in Spangenberg and took possession of it, but the Spangenbergers, there were three brothers, repaid them with the same and also took Treffurt by surprise . This bloody family feud with the Spangenberg cousins ​​dragged on for several decades. Furthermore, the knights at Treffurt repeatedly plundered villages in the neighboring Landgraviate of Thuringia and Hesse as well as in Eichsfeld, which belongs to the Electorate of Mainz . This led to a siege of the town and castle of Treffurt by the Landgrave of Hesse, the Landgrave of Thuringia and the Archbishop of Mainz. In 1333 the knights had to leave their castle, but soon returned again, which led to another siege, which ended in 1336 with the final expulsion of the Lords of Treffurt.

Division of the reign of Treffurt

After the defeat of the Treffurter Knights, their previously independent territory was divided among the three victorious powers in 1336. During this process of division, the Ganerbschaft Treffurt was created with the towns of Falken , Großburschla , the lower half of Schnellmannshausen , Wendehausen , Kleintöpfer , the town of Treffurt and the family castle Normannstein . This came like the bailiwick of Dorla belonging to it with the places Oberdorla , Niederdorla and Langula under the joint administration of the Landgraves of Hesse and Thuringia as well as the Archbishop of Mainz ( Ganerbschaft ).

However, some peripheral areas fell to the neighboring rulers as compensation for the war costs. The upper Schnellmannshausen valley with Volteroda , Schrapfendorf and Hattengehau as well as half (upper) part of Schnellmannshausen came to the Wettin office of Creuzburg of the Landgraviate of Thuringia . After several divisions of the Wettin inheritance , these places came to the Ernestine Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach and Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach .

The Treffurter gentlemen were appointed guardian of the Zella provost and by Bischofroda in 1104 . After the defeat of the Treffurter knights, the Zella provost remained with Kurmainz and was still administered from the Erfurt Peterskloster , the protective power now taken over by the three Treffurter Ganerbe remained. The associated estates in Bischofroda, Hötzelsroda and elsewhere, however, were sold or pledged as fiefs to noble families. The places Bischofroda and Hötzelsroda were incorporated into the Wettin office of Creuzburg of the Landgraviate of Thuringia and thus later came to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach and Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. These peculiar legal relationships were also due to a partial pledge to the Creuzburg family and were often the cause of legal disputes and conflicts of interest.

The Hessian Landgrave Otto I was looking for in 1336 the new, isolated from its territory possessions of ganerbschaft Treffurt by a land bridge to his domain to bind. For this purpose he acquired in 1365 from the Lords of Völkershausen their court with the villages Altenburschla , Döringsdorf , Heldra , Helderbach (later desert), Rambach and Weißenborn (later Wanfried office ). Altenburschla and Völkershausen were owned by the lords of Treffurt until 1276.

The rule of Spangenberg

Spangenberg Castle

The first documented owner of the castle and town of Spangenberg was the knight Hermann I von Treffurt (1235), the son of Friedrich II von Treffurt. At the beginning of the 13th century he was enfeoffed by Count Ludwig I von Ziegenhain with the rule of Spangenberg . Since that time, the gentlemen from Treffurt also called themselves "Herren von Spangenberg". In 1309, the knights Hermann and Friedrich von Treffurt granted the town of Spangenberg city rights according to Lippstadt law . The brothers Hermann and Friedrich von Spangenberg and Treffurt, as robber barons, caused unrest in their Thuringian region in 1327. In the period that followed, there was a clear decline in the gender of those "von Treffurt and Spangenberg". At times they led an unrestrained life, became enemies with their neighbors through violence, and even fought among themselves.

Eventually knight Hermann IX sold. in 1350 castle , rule and town of Spangenberg with the Haydau monastery in Altmorschen , founded in 1235 by the Lords of Treffurt, because of lack of money and various family feuds with the Hessian landgrave Heinrich II for a total of 8,000 silver marks. Since that time Spangenberg has been Hessian. Through the merger of the courts of that time Morschen , Mörshausen , Schemmern and Auf der Landena with the dominion of Spangenberg, the office of Spangenberg was created in the Landgraviate of Hesse in 1350 .

Associated areas

Personalities from the family of the Lords of Treffurt

  • Reginhard I. von Treffurt (around 1150)

Sons of Reginhard I. von Treffurt:

  • Reginhard II.
  • Friedrich I.

Son of Reginhard II von Treffurt:

  • Friedrich II of Treffurt (1190–1243?)

In 1246 Frederick II of Treffurt was designated by Pope Innocent IV as nobleman and advisor to King Heinrich Raspes .

Sons of Reginhard II von Treffurt:

  • Friedrich III. from Treffurt (until 1273)
  • Friedrich IV of Treffurt
  • Hermann I. von Spangenberg

Friedrich II's son Hermann I called himself "von Treffurt " in 1235 after he came into possession of the Spangenberg rulership , but in 1238 "von Spangenberg ".

Further representatives from Treffurt:

  • Hermann II von Treffurt (mentioned in 1306)
  • Hermann IX. von Spangenberg (mentioned in 1350)

literature

  • Georg Thiele: Who is the legitimate patron of the Protestant parishes of the Ganerbschaft Treffurt and the Vogtei Dorla? In: Mühlhausen history sheets. Volume VI (1905/06), pp. 36–53

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ W. Böttger: 900 years Bischofroda ... Ed .: Gemeindeverwaltung Bischofroda. Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, p. 14 .