Office Sontra

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The Amt Sontra was a territorial administrative unit of the Landgraviate of Hesse and from 1567 the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel . Between 1627 and 1834 it belonged to the Landgrave's branch line of Hessen-Rotenburg , the so-called "Rotenburger Quart".

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The area of ​​the Sontra district was in the eastern Hessian mountainous region between the Stölzinger Mountains in the west, the Richelsdorf Mountains in the south and the Ringgau in the east. The Sontra , the Ulfe and the Hasel flowed through it .

The official area is now in the northeast of the state of Hesse and belongs partly to the district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg (western part) and the Werra-Meißner district (eastern part).

The territory of the office bordered:

history

Creation of the Sontra office

Sontra was first mentioned in the 8th century . At that time the place was the center of the overall administration and the highest jurisdiction for the Franconian Ringgau (castle and thing in Regnumsundern). Of the Landgrave Thuringian bailiffs von Sontra, the existing documents mention Gottfried von Wartburg in 1224 and a Lord von Boyneburg in 1225 as landgrave ministerial advocatus de Sunthra . The first court lords at Sontra Castle most likely descended from the Boyneburgers. After the extinction of this branch in Sontra around 1330 and the disposal of the patronage, the oldest branch of the Boyneburg family was only called von Sontra until it died out in the 16th century .

When the court and the then village of Sontra became Hessian is unknown. In any case, in 1353 the village and court were the property of Landgravine Elisabeth, wife of Heinrich II of Hesse . Sontra received city rights in 1368 from Landgrave Heinrich II of Hesse. In that year the Landgrave Castle Sontra was mentioned for the first time.

After a military conquest, Sontra became half Thuringian and half Mainz in 1385 . Only after long negotiations did the city regain sole ownership of Hesse in 1434. The castle was renovated and expanded in 1491 and then served the landgraves temporarily as a hunting lodge and later as an office building.

The Ulfen court

In the year 775, the Sontran district of Ulfen was first mentioned in a document in a list of the goods lent by Archbishop Lullus († 786) of Mainz for the Hersfeld Monastery . The place is therefore a bit older than Sontra. The abbots of Hersfeld appointed the lords of Frankenstein as guardians over the area . Their family castles were near Salzungen on the Werra. In 1330 they sold most of their property, including their “judicium in Olfna” (Ulfen), to the Counts of Henneberg, who were related to them .

Between 1330 and 1335 the Counts of Ziegenhain received the “Ulfen Court” as a fief. The Hessian landgraves also had extensive free float in this area, which they themselves transferred to the surrounding nobility, such as the Lords of Baumbach , von Eschwege and von Boyneburg. In 1336 Hermann Kratz sold the Ulfen court to the Landgraviate of Hesse. His ancestors had already owned it. In 1370 and 1377 the von Buttlar also ceded their rights. Since the beginning of the 15th century, the court with the places Ulfen, Breitau, Krauthausen, Weißenborn, Lindenau, Wölfterode, Erdmannshain, and parts of Holzhausen belonged to the Sontra office. Around 1538 only Ulfen, Breitau, Wölfterode and the desert areas Erdmannshain and Weidenthal belong to the court.

The Baumbach court in Nentershausen

The places in the area of Nentershausen emerged in the 12th to 14th centuries. They were owned by various monasteries and noble families. Around 1300 Ludwig I von Baumbach built Tannenberg Castle , which was a feudal castle of the Hersfeld Abbey . The place Nentershausen was mentioned for the first time in 1323 in a document of the Blankenheim monastery , a daughter monastery in Herfeld. As early as 1365, the von Baumbach in Nentershausen had numerous estates in fiefdom from the Hersfeld monastery. The von Baumbach family held high and low jurisdiction in “Nentershusen” and the surrounding villages. In 1578 the Baumbachs had to hand over higher jurisdiction to the Landgrave of Hesse, since then the court has been politically affiliated to the Sontra office. The lords of Baumbach retained the lower jurisdiction until 1806.

The places Bosserode , Raßdorf and Sweet were court annexed in 1733 to Baumbach's Nentershausen in the Official Sontra after the Landgrave Friedrich his claim to the cooperation with Hessen Sachsen-Eisenach managed Amtshaus Breitenbach dropped and for u. a. the three places received from the Thuringian office of Gerstungen . Around 1771, the office or court of Nentershausen included: Nentershausen, Dens, Blankenbach, Machtlos, Weißenhasel, Suss, Bosserode, Raßdorf, the three courtyards of Tannenberg, Bellers and Bauhaus.

The court Treusch-Buttlar (Brandenfels)

In 1248 Brandenfels Castle in the southern Ringgau was probably built as an imperial fief by a branch of the von Boyneburg family who called themselves Brandenfels . The Boyneburg family branch already died out in 1305. In 1260 the castle was besieged in vain in the Hessian-Thuringian succession dispute, but ultimately remained in Thuringia. The Landgraves of Thuringia gave the castle to the Treusch von Buttlar family as an inheritance .

In 1540 the castle came to the Landgraviate of Hesse because of a settlement between the Dukes of Saxony and Landgrave Philip I. The Brandenfels court with the places Altefeld, Archfeld, Berlitzgrube, Breitzbach, Frauenborn, Hainhof, Holzhausen, Lüderbach, Markershausen, Nesselröden, Renda, Rittershausen, Unhausen and Willershausen was affiliated to the Sontra office. From 1550 the castle was in the sole possession of Messrs Treusch von Buttlar. In some places of the court they had fiefdoms until the 19th century.

The dish Rockensüß

In the village of Bubenbach there was a beguinage from around 1220 , from which the Bubenbach Monastery emerged in 1230 as a subsidiary of the Hersfeld Abbey . In 1296 the nuns moved to the Cornberg Monastery, which was newly built for them, just 1.5 km away . The monastery included u. a. the surrounding towns of Rockensüß and Mönchhosbach and half of Rautenhausen . With the introduction of the Reformation in the Landgraviate of Hesse , the Cornberg Monastery was abolished in 1526 and converted into an agricultural estate for the Landgraves. Rockensüß, Mönchhosbach and Rautenhausen were assigned to the Rockensüß court and the Sontra office in 1538. In addition, there were the Boyneburg possessions of Königswald and half of Rautenhausen, as well as Berneburg from the Sontra court, which had once belonged to the Eschwege Cyriakus monastery .

In 1574, Philipp Wilhelm von Cornberg , the illegitimate son of Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hessen-Kassel , received the former monastery and its lands from his father as a hereditary fiefdom and named himself after it. After the death of his father in 1598, Philipp Wilhelm ceded the new Landgrave, his half-brother Moritz , Cornberg and instead received 10,000 Reichstaler and the village of Richelsdorf, which is about 12 km further east-southeast, as a right man fief .

The dish Wommen

From 1021 the place Wommen belonged to the Kaufungen Monastery . From 1364 the lords of Kolmatsch are documented as owners of the place. Richelsdorf belonged to the Fulda monastery and had been lent to the lords of Kolmatsch since 1431. The sovereignty of Richelsdorf passed to Hesse in 1539; for Wommen this happened in 1527 with the secularization of the Hessian monasteries. After the Reformation, Wommen was the seat of a court seat of the same name in the Sontra office, which included the places Wommen, Richelsdorf and the Ziegelhof. After the von Kolmatsch family died out around 1562/63, the places were again subject to different noble families with regard to jurisdiction.

Noble places

Herleshausen was first mentioned in 1019 in a deed of donation to the Kaufungen monastery. In 1451 Kaufungen held 5/6 of the court, but Treusch von Buttlar held 1/6 as a Kaufung fiefdom. After the secularization of the Hessian monasteries in 1527 Herleshausen came to Hesse-Kassel , who see it as a fief to the family Recke Roth and post them to the family Wersebe was. At the end of the 17th century, the Landgraves of Hessen-Philippsthal took over the castle and estate.

Stadthosbach was owned by various noble families over the years. Half the village was in 1422 fiefdoms of the von Tadelhausen family, the other half that of the von Berneburg family. 1436–1471 owned the von Welde, 1477 to 1768 the von Hundelshausen half as a Hessian fief. In 1805 they belonged to the Frankenberg. Von Biedenfeld had a share and in 1585 also von Stein. From 1818 the place belonged to the office of Bischhausen .

Mitterode and Wellingerode were granted to the Diede zum Fürstenstein family as fiefdoms of the Hessian landgrave in 1465 and 1425, respectively, and they remained with them until they died out in 1807. From 1818 the places belonged to the office of Bischhausen .

History of the Sontra Office from 1567 until its dissolution

In 1585 the Sontra office consisted of the city of Sontra, the Ulfen court, the Baumbach court in Nentershausen, the Treusch-Buttlar court in Brendenfels, the Rockensüß and Wommen courts, and the aristocratic towns of Herleshausen, Stadthosbach, Mitterode, Wellingerode and the former Cornberg monastery.

After the death of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse , the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided up in 1567. Philip's eldest son, Wilhelm IV , received about half of the territory including the capital Kassel with the Landgraviate of Hessen- Kassel . The Sontra office came to this area. Between 1627 and 1834 the Amt Sontra was part of the Landgrave's branch line from Hessen-Rotenburg , the so-called Rotenburger Quart . At the same time as the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss completed in 1803 and the secularization of the clergy, the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel, which held sovereignty over Hessen-Rotenburg, became the Electorate of Hessen .

Elector Wilhelm I of Hesse-Kassel did not join the Rhine Confederation , which was dominated by Napoleon , and tried to remain neutral . Thereupon Napoléon occupied the country and after the Peace of Tilsit in 1807 it was almost completely added to the newly formed Kingdom of Westphalia of his brother Jerome . The Sontra office was assigned to the Werra department and divided between the cantons of Sontra , Netra and Nentershausen in the Eschwege district.

After the dissolution of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1813, the Electorate of Hesse and its administrative structure were restored. The Hessian office Sontra existed until 1821 and was politically assigned to the Rotenburg (Fulda) district in the course of the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse . The eastern part with Wommen, Herleshausen and the Treusch-Buttlar court came to the Netra justice office in 1818 and with this to the Eschwege district in 1821 .

Components

Associated Courts

In 1585 the Sontra office consisted of the city of Sontra, the Ulfen court, the Baumbach court in Nentershausen, the Treusch-Buttlar court in Brendenfels, the Rockensüß and Wommen courts, and the aristocratic towns of Herleshausen, Stadthosbach, Mitterode, Wellingerode and the former Cornberg monastery.

city
Ulfen court

According to the Sontraer Salbuch of 1538, only the villages of Breitau, Ulfen and Wölfterode as well as the desert areas Erdmannshain and Weidenthal belonged to the Ulfen court.

Baumbach's court in Nentershausen
  • Bosserode (until 1733 to the Thuringian office of Gerstungen)
  • Raßdorf (until 1733 to the Thuringian office of Gerstungen)
  • Süß (until 1733 to the Thuringian office of Gerstungen)
Court of Treusch-Buttlar (Brandenfels)
Dish rock sweet
Court Wommen
Noble villages and farms

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Schulze: The Ringgau and Sontra . In: The Werraland. Issue 3, Eschwege 1967, pp. 39–41.
  2. ^ "Sontra, Werra-Meißner-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of January 19, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  3. ↑ a b "Ulfen, Werra-Meißner-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 8, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  4. ↑ "Nentershausen, Hersfeld-Rotenburg district". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 11, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  5. ^ Homepage of Nentershausen
  6. ↑ The Office Nentershausen on the homepage of the village Weißenhasel ( Memento of the original from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.weissenhasel.de
  7. ↑ History of Brandenfels Castle at www.burgenwelt.de
  8. ↑ Königswald on the local website of the municipality of Cornberg
  9. ^ "Wommen, Werra-Meißner-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 9, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  10. ^ "Richelsdorf, District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 7, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  11. ↑ "Herleshausen, Werra-Meißner district". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of July 29, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  12. ^ "Stadthosbach, Werra-Meißner district". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of January 27, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  13. ↑ "Mitterode, Werra-Meißner district". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 8, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  14. ^ "Wellingerode, Werra-Meißner-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of December 8, 2015). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

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