Office Hausbreitenbach

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The office of Hausbreitenbach was a territorial administrative unit under the joint administration of the Ernestine Wettins (Landgraves of Thuringia) and the Hersfeld Abbey . Their successors were the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach and the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel . From 1742 it belonged completely to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which in 1815 became the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The office of Hausbreitenbach in the Principality of Eisenach in the 18th century

The office of Hausbreitenbach was on the lower reaches of the Suhl and its confluence with the Werra . Naturally, the office was in the Berka basin of the Salzunger Werrabergland , on the right side of the central Werra valley, on the edge of the Richelsdorf mountains . The Frauenseer Forst bordered in the south and the Thuringian Forest begins to the east .

During its affiliation to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, the office formed the southernmost part of the Eisenacher Unterland , also known as the "Eisenacher Kreis".

The official area is today in the west of the Free State of Thuringia . With the exception of the town of Dippach, the former official territory including the former Frauenseer enclaves Auenheim and Rienau forms the urban area of Werra-Suhl-Tal in the Wartburg district .

Adjacent administrative units

Obersuhl exclave ( Rotenburg district , Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel) Gerstungen Office (Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach) Office Eisenach (Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach)
Gerstungen Office (Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach) Neighboring communities Exclave Oberellen (Office Salzungen, Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen)
Friedewald Office (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel) Amt Frauensee (Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel, became the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1816) Office Eisenach (Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach)

history

prehistory

In 1016, Emperor Heinrich II gave the Hersfeld Abbey hunting and forestry rights (wild ban) in the area around Hausbreitenbach and Berka / Werra . The abbey built a small moated castle on the lower reaches of the Suhl river, near the confluence with the Werra near Berka - called the "solid house Breitenbach". The castle Breitenbach was the origin of the town house Breitenbach and since the High Middle Ages, the administrative headquarters of the Office House Breitenbach (bailiwick), which includes the mentioned since the 9th century village of Berka belonged. Because of Berka's rapid economic development, the bailiwick and administration were later moved to Berka, which has since been protected by its own fortifications and a fortified church.

The Hersfeld abbots used ministerials for the administration of the surrounding towns . The place Herda was administered by the Lords of Herda . From 1239 there are traces of the Berka ministerials from Hersfeld. The Lords of Frankenstein sold their property in Berka / Werra in 1330 with other property to the Counts of Henneberg on the Krayenburg , who were related to them , other parts went to the Lords of Herda. The inheritance claims were later transferred to the Landgraves of Thuringia.

Joint Saxon-Hersfeld administration

In 1290 the Thuringian Landgrave Albrecht II handed the Breitenbach Castle over to his son Apitz as a bailiwick .

The Thuringian landgraves concluded a contract with the abbot of Hersfeld in 1354, according to which the house and office of Breitenbach was jointly administered with the village of Berka. The Thuringian, later Saxon bailiff had his seat in Hausbreitenbach, from the 16th century in neighboring Gerstungen, the one from hersfeld lived in Berka / Werra. In 1408 the Thuringian Landgrave and Margrave of Meißen, Friedrich the Peaceful , pledged his share in office to Georg and Fritz von Reckenrodt. His successor, the Saxon Duke Wilhelm III. expressed his approval of this pledge in 1448. In 1503 half of the share in the palace and office in Breitenbach was pledged by the Saxon Elector Friedrich the Wise and his brother Johann to Hans Motsch, with the exception of the clerical fiefdoms. The pledge was paid back in 1539 by Elector Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous .

In 1525, the portion of the office of Hersfeld was initially transferred to the Landgraviate of Hesse as a pledge . Philip I of Hesse had charged 12,000 gold guilders at war costs for suppressing the peasant uprising in Hersfeld and was given half of the city of Hersfeld, the hersfeld share in Berka and the hersfeld monastery "zum See" ( Frauensee monastery ) in return.

Peasants' War and the Reformation

During the German Peasant War , Landgrave Philipp von Hessen occupied Berka and then moved on to Eisenach, where a certain Jakob Töpfer, peasant leader from Berka, was executed on the market square with other peasant leaders. The town had to pay heavy fines for supporting the rioters. In the official area was u. a. Herda Castle destroyed. Philip I of Hesse forced the Reformation in Berka in 1527 .

Herda was a center of the Anabaptist movement during this time . As the leader of this movement, the free farmer Fritz Erbe was captured and initially imprisoned in the Hausbreitenbach moated castle. Due to the Hessian-Saxon dual rule in office, a dispute broke out between the two regents about how to deal with Fritz Erbe because of his unswerving attitude in the spirit of the Anabaptist doctrine. The Saxon Elector Johann Friedrich I demanded the death penalty, but Landgrave Philip I was reluctant to have someone executed for his belief. A lengthy correspondence between the two rulers on this subject followed, while Fritz Erbe was held in a tower of the Eisenach city wall - the stork tower . As a result, Erbe suffered until his death in prisons in an Eisenach city tower and in the south tower of the Wartburg from 1533 to 1548.

Joint Saxon-Hessian administration

In 1539 Hessian and Electoral Saxon (Ernestine) councils met in Berka on border disputes and Reformation matters. In 1543 the Landgrave of Hesse ordered a house inspection to examine the economic condition of the newly acquired parts of the country. During the Thirty Years' War almost the entire place Berka was burned down by imperial troops. By hunger, the effects of war and the plague , Berka was almost depopulated at the end of the war.

During the secularization of the Hersfeld Abbey, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel became its heir in 1648 and had the proceeds from the Breitenbach office collected by a special governor who lived in Berka. In addition to the proceeds, the Hessian landgraves also claimed various rights for themselves, thereby provoking differences with the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach , which came to light especially after the death of Landgrave Karl zu Hessen-Kassel in 1730. The Hessian administration demanded a mourning bell in the official locations. When this was refused by the Duke of Eisenach, they had Berka militarily occupied.

The matter came to the Reichshofrat. The first agreement took place in 1733, as a result of which Landgrave Friedrich von Hessen dropped his claims to the office of Hausbreitenbach and instead got the villages of Dippach and Gospenroda , from the office of Gerstungen : Süß , Kleinensee , Bosserode and Raßdorf . But that was not the end of the story, but Hessen stirred up the matter again and other arrangements were made. This "Hausbreitenbacher exchange comparison" did not come to an end until March 19, 1742.

The places Suss, Bosserode and Raßdorf were assigned to the Baumbach court of Nentershausen in the Hessian office of Sontra , which has since separated the office of Gerstungen into two parts. Kleinensee and Dippach came to the Hessian office Friedewald and Gospenroda to the Hessian office Frauensee .

The office under the administration of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach

The Hausbreitenbach office belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (part of Saxony-Eisenach ) since 1742 . 1765 belonged to the office Hausbreitenbach six places and several courtyards. According to a description of the office from 1756, the office was co-administered by the bailiff von Gerstungen. Due to the effects of the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy was elevated to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1815. This was associated with a number of territorial gains. From the Kurhessischen Amt Friedewald the Amt Hausbreitenbach received the four places Dippach, Vitzeroda , Abteroda , and Gasteroda in 1816 . In 1849/50, jurisdiction was separated from administration in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The office Hausbreitenbach came as part of the justice office Gerstungen with other offices of the Eisenacher Kreis to the administrative district Eisenach , which also as III. Administrative district was designated.

Associated places

The seat of the two magistrates was Hausbreitenbach, later Gerstungen (Saxony-Eisenach) and Berka (Hessen-Kassel).

Villages
Villages that were temporarily part of the office
  • Dippach (1733-1816 to the Hessian office of Friedewald)
  • Gospenroda (after 1733 to the Hessian office Frauensee)
  • Abteroda (until 1816 to the Hessian office Friedewald)
  • Gasteroda (until 1816 to the Hessian office Friedewald)
  • Vitzeroda (until 1816 to the Hessian office Friedewald)
Individual goods and preliminary works
  • Dietrichsberg
  • Kratzeroda (Vorwerk of Herda Castle)
  • Lutzberg (school and church to Herda)
  • Rengershof
Castles and Palaces
Desolation
  • Oberbreitenbach (in the Fernbreitenbach corridor)

Burghers and officials

The following were identified as castle men and office holders in documents for the Hausbreitenbach office:

  • by Herda (1350-1354)
  • Eberwein from Rumrodt (1357)
  • from Hornsberg (1358)
  • Hermann von Rumrodt (1366)
  • from Schindekopf (1366)
  • from Buchenau (1398)
  • von Besa and von Rode (1400)
  • from Reckrodt (1448)
  • Hans Wetsch (before 1498)
  • from Bischofrode (1498)
  • von der Tann (1558–1686)
  • von dem Brinck (1 ??? - 1729)

literature

  • Kronfeld, Constantin: Thuringian-Saxon-Weimar history. - Weimar: Böhlau, 1878. - (Regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach; T. 1) / [reviewed by:] Ulrich Stechele

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Herda (noble family)
  2. ↑ Hausbreitenbach. In: Hans Patze , Peter Aufgebauer (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 9: Thuringia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 313). 2nd, improved and supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-520-31302-2 , p. 186.
  3. ^ Fritz Jäger: Ortschronik von Herda and Hausbreitenbach . Herda (unpublished, around 1990).