Vitzeroda
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Vitzeroda
City of Werra-Suhl-Tal
Coordinates: 50 ° 53 ′ 14 " N , 10 ° 4 ′ 11" E
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| Height : | 308 (300-320) m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 4.7 km² |
| Residents : | 308 |
| Population density : | 66 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | March 18, 1994 |
| Incorporated into: | Berka / Werra |
| Postal code : | 99837 |
| Area code : | 036922 |
 Location of Vitzeroda in the Werra-Suhl valley
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 The historical location
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Vitzeroda is a district of the town of Werra-Suhl-Tal in the Wartburg district in Thuringia .
geography
Vitzeroda is nine kilometers from the administrative headquarters Berka / Werra and has 308 inhabitants. The altitude is at approx. 310 m. Embedded in the chain of hills of the Vorderrhön , Vitzeroda with its two localities Abteroda and Gasteroda is surrounded by forest, arable and meadow areas. The place is separated from the city of Heringen in Hesse by a chain of hills with the highest elevation, the Steinkopf (452 m). In the south Vitzeroda adjacent to the urban area of Vacha , on the southwest by the district jumping the city of Bad Salzungen . Over the Grusberg one arrives in the southwest Frauenseer forest towards Dorndorf .
history
Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
Allegedly founded by a man named "Witzo", Vitzeroda was first mentioned in a document of sale from Heinrich von Frankenstein on April 28, 1280. As early as 1283, the town of Vitzenrode was sold as part of a real estate transfer to the Kreuzberg monastery (today: Philippsthal) on the Werra . Although the place is close to the Hohe Straße between Vacha and Marksuhl , written reports are not found until the 16th century. In 1528 and 1530, witnesses to the use of the forest in the Vitzerodaer Revier are heard, the area of the former Frauensee monastery , which Vitzeroda also borders, was secularized.
In 1553, the Hessian Landgrave Philipp the Magnanimous, as the new owner, decreed that the villages and residents were to be scrutinized at the same time that his new subjects would convert to Protestantism. Vitzeroda, Abteroda and Gasteroda are assigned to the Heringen court in the Friedewald office. From 1585 to 1894, Vitzeroda was given spiritual care by the parish in Heringen, six kilometers away.
In the 17th century there were frequent border inspections in the forests around Frauensee - which also includes the Vitzeröder wood . The reason for this is the general shortage of wood in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel and the resulting attacks. To mark the border, the Vitzeröder Cross is also set up at an important customs and border point of the Hersfeld Abbey , Friedewald Office .
19th century
In 1812, parts of the Great Army with Napoleon pass the Heerstraße via Vacha in the direction of Eisenach , the section of the Höhenstraße south of Berka / Werra up to Vacha has been called Napoleonstraße since the 19th century .
According to the regulations of the Congress of Vienna , the places Vitzeroda, Abteroda and Gasteroda were transferred from the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1816 .
C. Kronfeld published the first regional and statistical information about the place in 1879: Vitzeroda is a village with 48 houses and 278 inhabitants. The total area of the village is 274.1403 hectares, of which 6.23 hectares are farms and gardens, 24.13 hectares of meadows, 209.76 hectares of arable land, no forest, ponds, streams and rivers 0.26 hectares, paths, drifts and fruit trees 33.7398 ha. The livestock consists of 6 horses, 156 cattle, 197 sheep, 53 pigs, 17 goats.
Although now a Thuringian community under constitutional law, the paradoxical situation existed for almost 80 years, until April 1894, that the parish of Heringen in Hesse continued to be responsible for the church and schools . The Weimar government responded to multiple requests from the population and in February 1894 signed a state treaty for the conversion of the parish church members from Vitzeroda, Abteroda and Gasteroda to the parish of Gospenroda. In order to be able to build the missing church in Vitzeroda, the income from the village was initially too low. Only the potash mining that began in the Werra Valley at the end of the 19th century made it possible to raise the necessary donations for building the church.
20th century
The village church in Vitzeroda was consecrated on June 29, 1913, making one of the last villages in the Eisenach district to have its own church. The victims of the two world wars were listed on a memorial stone in front of the church.
As a result of the division of Germany, Vitzeroda was in the border area and was declared a restricted area. A barracks for the border troops was built on the outskirts and access to the village was monitored. The small settlement Gasteroda, located in the immediate vicinity of the border, was gradually abandoned; in autumn 1989 only one homestead was still inhabited. Since the opening of the pits in neighboring Springen, the majority of the population has been employed in potash mining or in agriculture and forestry. A few years after the political change in 1989, potash mining in Springen and Merkers was stopped.
On July 1, 1950, the previously independent communities Abteroda and Gasteroda were incorporated.
The Thuringian Ordinance of February 16, 1994 dissolved the communities of Fernbreitenbach, Gospenroda, Herda, Horschlitt and Vitzeroda and incorporated them into the town of Berka / Werra with effect from March 18, 1994.
21st century
With the city of Berka / Werra, Vitzeroda went into the city of Werra-Suhl-Tal on January 1, 2019.
Attractions
The Vitzerodaer Church was built in 1912 in Art Nouveau style. It is still original in its equipment. The beautiful stained glass are well worth seeing.
Since the Middle Ages, the Vitzeroda Cross has marked an important border point between the former Imperial Abbey of Hersfeld and Wegezollplatz on Hohen Strasse from Leipzig to Frankfurt am Main . On October 27, 1813, Napoleon and his army passed this place, which is why the section to Berka / Werra is called Napoleonstrasse .
Personalities
- Rudolf Hotzel (1909–1981), employee in the Reich Security Main Office and leader of a special command of Einsatzgruppe B
Individual evidence
- ↑ Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. Wartburgkreis, district of Gotha, district-free city of Eisenach . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 2. Erfurt 1999.
- ↑ a b Manfred Oertel: Vitzeroda and his church. 2007, p. 114 f.
- ↑ Manfred Oertel: Vitzeroda and his church. 2007, p. 75 ff.
- ^ Constantin Kronfeld: Regional Studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. Part 2: Topography of the Land. Böhlau, Weimar 1879, pp. 367–368 .
- ↑ Manfred Oertel: Vitzeroda and his church. 2007, p. 91 ff.
- ^ Thuringian ordinance on the dissolution of the communities Fernbreitenbach, Gospenroda, Herda, Horschlitt and Vitzeroda and their incorporation into the town of Berka / Werra of February 16, 1994 (GVBl p. 288).
- ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 p. 795 ff. , Accessed on January 2, 2019
literature
- Manfred Oertel: Vitzeroda and his church. Studies on the history of a village in the Hessian-Thuringian cultural landscape in the Werra bend. Amicus-Verlag, Föritz-Weidhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-939465-31-7 .
