Großensee (Werra-Suhl Valley)
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Großensee
City of Werra-Suhl-Tal
Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 4 ″ N , 9 ° 58 ′ 18 ″ E
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| Height : | 236 m |
| Area : | 3.28 km² |
| Residents : | 191 (December 31, 2017) |
| Population density : | 58 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 2019 |
| Postal code : | 99837 |
| Area code : | 036922 |
Großensee is a district of the city of Werra-Suhl-Tal in the Wartburg district in Thuringia .
geography
Geographical location
In terms of nature, Großensee lies in the valley area of the central Werra , on the edge of the Seulingswald and Richelsdorf mountains , a sub-area of the southern Werrabergland which is also known as Waldhessen . The Hönebach flows through the village. Politically, the district as part of Thuringia is about 80% enclosed by Hessian territory.
Neighboring municipalities and towns
The place has been almost completely enclosed by Hessian territory for centuries. Neighboring towns are the Hessian town of Heringen (Werra) with the Kleinensee district in the south; the community Wildeck with the districts Hönebach , Raßdorf , Bosserode and Obersuhl in the west, north and east; the only connection to Thuringia is with Dankmarshausen in the southeast.
mountains
The highest elevation of the district is not far from the Bodesruh memorial on the eastern slope of the Lehnberg at boundary stone 251 of the Hessian-Thuringian border ( 415 m above sea level ). The southern part of the Heiligenberg ( 316.4 m above sea level ) is also in the Großenseer district.
Waters
The wetland of the former Seulingsee near Kleinensee, which is a designated nature reserve , extends to the southwestern boundary of the district . The Suhl flows through Großensee, which includes the Sandgraben and Schillwiesengraben, and also known as the Rhedengraben flows into the consecration at Untersuhl . Großensee had two mills in the local area.
Geology and mineral resources
Großensee lies on the edge of the Berka-Gerstunger Basin , with a small sub -basin , the Obersuhler Basin and the Kleinenseer Bay. This wide basin is surrounded by mountain ranges: in the south-west the Seulingswald, in the south the foothills of the Vorder Rhön , in the east the foothills of the Thuringian Forest and in the north the Richelsdorf Mountains . From a geological point of view, the place lies in the Trias geological formation . There are considerable potash deposits in the Werra potash district underground . High-quality clay was mined in the district above ground.
traffic
Junction 34 (Wildeck-Hönebach) of the A 4 is in Hönebach, three kilometers away. Road connections exist to Hönebach, Raßdorf, Obersuhl, Dankmarshausen and Kleinensee. A section of the Thuringian Railway Eisenach - Bebra with the stops in Obersuhl, Bosserode and Hönebach touches the place .
The following bus routes operated by the Verkehrsgesellschaft Wartburgkreis mbH operate to Großensee:
| line | Driving distance |
|---|---|
| L-52 | Eisenach - Marksuhl - Dankmarshausen - Großensee |
| L-65 | Gerstungen - Dankmarshausen - Großensee |
politics
Former councilor
The community council from Großensee finally consisted of 6 councilors and councilors.
- Community of voters, home and tourist association: 4 seats
- Voting group for the Großensee volunteer fire brigade: 2 seats
(As of: local elections on May 25, 2014 )
Former mayor
The last honorary mayor, Hagen Bause, was elected on June 5, 2016.
history
The Berka-Gerstung basin has been permanently settled by humans since the Neolithic Age. Numerous archaeological sites within a five kilometer radius (e.g. Heiligenberg, Seeküppel, Steinhäuser Mühle, Finkenliethe and Lindenhauptskopf) attest to these settlements on the shores of the former Seulingssee.
The location on an old military and trade route - the so-called “Kurzen Hessen” - was always significant for the place . Coming from Friedewald , a section led through the village into the nearby Gerstungen .
Around 1000 Großensee belongs to the Gerstengau "gerstengawe" with the main town of Gerstungen. The Knights of Hornsberg build a castle on the nearby Hornungskuppe near Dankmarshausen, to the north of the village the Wildeck Castle and the Tannenberg Castle near Nentershausen . To which of these lords of the castle the place with the Steinhäuser Mühle was transferred as a fief, it has not yet been possible to completely clarify.
Because of the shortage of wood in their state capital Kassel, the Hessian landgraves initiated the establishment of Flößerholzstrasse. The Großenseer carters also took part in the countless transports. Between Widdershausen and Dankmarshausen was Flößholz pulled out of the Werra and wagons overland to Ulfenmühle an der Fulda at Breitenbach placed where a floor boards -Sägemühle was.
In addition to agriculture, the pottery has been of increasing importance since the 16th century. Großensee is a main town of Werra ceramics . Utility ceramics were transported safely and inexpensively on the rafts on the Weser and exported via Bremen. The pottery trade remained in place until the 1960s.
A shepherd boy born in Großensee achieved gruesome fame around 1540 as the often cruel robber captain Wilde Sau in the Werra Valley and thus entered the Thuringian world of legends.
During the Thirty Years' War on March 31, 1635, around 1200 Croatian horsemen under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Stephan Illo were surprised and killed by Hessian troops in their winter quarters in Großensee and Kleinensee.
In 1722, the Saxon miner Dreiß, who moved to Eisenach, acquired the mining licenses for the Obersuhl, Dankmarshausen and Großensee areas, but invested his remaining capital in the simultaneously flourishing mining area of Eckardshausen, Attchenbach and Kupfersuhl.
Großensee was in the Gerstungen office . The southern official area with Dankmarshausen and Großensee was territorially separated from Gerstungen and stood out due to the "Hausbreitenbacher official exchange comparison" between Saxony-Eisenach and Hesse-Kassel, where u. a. the neighboring towns of Kleinensee, Bosserode and Raßdorf became Hessian, and from 1733 into Hesse.
In an official description from 1765, the place is called Großensee or Sülingsee , after the Säulingssee, which has long since disappeared . In 1830 a swamp was named after the lake.
Since 1843, the railway tunnel west of Hönebach was blasted into the mountain at great expense, and the railway line could be used for the first time from Gerstungen to Bebra in August 1848.
In 1849 the dilapidated church could be repaired for 49 thalers 12 silver groschen. The place had 53 houses and 275 inhabitants that year. Even then there was a dancing linden tree on the Anger .
Since 1859, the wetland in the north of the lowland, called the "Rheden", has been drained on an area of around 220 hectares by the communities of Dankmarshausen, Bosserode and Obersuhl and the newly acquired properties have been converted into meadows and arable land.
The potash industry gained a foothold in the Werra Valley around 1900. With the construction of the Alexandershall and Wintershall potash plants , the Großenseer got their first industrial jobs in Heringen, Dankmarshausen and Dippach. The Neu-Heringen and Herfa-Neurode potash mines were built later. The Monte Kali salt mountain at the Wintershall Heringen potash plant is visible evidence of this.
In 1921 it was connected to the power grid, and in 1924 the first water pipe was laid in the village. Until the outbreak of the Second World War, the construction of the Reichsautobahn created additional work opportunities.
In April 1945, the American troops advanced on the unfinished route towards Thuringia. After the end of the war, long treks of refugees passed the place in the opposite direction.
As a result of the division of Germany after the Second World War, Großensee was in the restricted area and thus in a completely isolated location.A corridor just under 600 meters wide enabled access to the only local road to Dankmarshausen; all roads to neighboring Hessian towns remained interrupted until November 1989 . The border management also resulted in the peculiarity that the Thuringian Railway, coming from the direction of Bebra, initially ran around 1 km over the municipal area of Großensee, i.e. GDR territory, and then ran again for around 3 km in Wildeck through West German territory, before it passed she passed the inner German border to the GDR again in Gerstungen .
As part of the Thuringia regional reform in 2018 and 2019 , the municipalities of Großensee, Dankmarshausen, Dippach and Berka / Werra agreed to submit an application to the Free State of Thuringia for a merger to form the city of Werra-Suhl-Tal on January 1, 2019, and the Berka / Werra administrative community dissolve. The Thuringian state government included the project in the second law for the voluntary reorganization of municipalities belonging to the district, which was passed by the Thuringian state parliament on December 13, 2018 and came into force at the turn of the year 2018/19.
Attractions
The church of Großensee was built in the Gothic style, probably in the 14th century. The baptismal font adorned with a coat of arms in the interior of the church dates from a later period. A sacrament niche in the chancel that is still secured with the original iron grating is remarkable . The pictorial program painted on a wooden barrel vault is remarkable . In front of the church there is a memorial in memory of those who fell in the First World War.
The three-tier dance linden tree on the village square was designated as a natural monument in 1966 . It is reminiscent of the centuries-old tradition of having dance musicians play on a wooden floor in the linden tree.
There are still numerous listed half-timbered farmsteads and houses in the village. Several pottery workshops remember the manufacture of the once coveted Werra ceramics, but the craft died out in the town in the mid-1960s.
As a warning reminder of the decades of German division, the residents on both sides of the border on the road to Kleinensee have prepared a memorial place. Here are the last remnants of the former border barrier.
literature
- Karl Stück: What the church tower button tells about Großensee . In: Eisenacher Zeitung of June 26, 1928, ZDB -ID 1167880-x .
- Alfred Schulz: From the history of Hornsberg Castle. On the prehistory and early history in the eastern Seulingswald . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . 80, 1969, ISSN 0342-3107 , pp. 111-117.
- The wild pig . In: Ernst Karl Wenig (ed.): It says from the old days. A new Thuringian legend book . 3. Edition. Greifenverlag, Rudolstadt 1973, pp. 240–241.
Individual evidence
- ^ Thuringian Land Survey Office Wartburgkreis and District Free City Eisenach, Erfurt 2002, ISBN 3-86140-250-5
- ↑ a b Hessian land surveying office TK25 - sheet 5025 Hönebach, Wiesbaden 1983
- ^ Geyer, Jahne, Storch: Geological sights of the Wartburg district and the independent city of Eisenach . In: District Office Wartburgkreis, Lower Nature Conservation Authority (Hrsg.): Nature conservation in the Wartburgkreis . Booklet 8. Printing and publishing house Frisch, Eisenach and Bad Salzungen 1999, ISBN 3-9806811-1-4 , p. 105-108 .
- ↑ Timetable of the Verkehrsgesellschaft Wartburgkreis mbH
- ↑ Local elections in Thuringia on May 25, 2014. Elections of the community and city council members. Preliminary results. The regional returning officer, accessed on May 26, 2014 .
- ↑ Local elections in Thuringia on June 5, 2016. Elections of the community and city council members. Final results. The regional returning officer, accessed on November 20, 2016 .
- ^ Rüdiger Schwanz: Mayors seal the city of Werra-Suhl-Tal , Thüringer Allgemeine , March 29, 2018, accessed on January 2, 2019
- ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 p. 795 ff. , Accessed on January 2, 2019
- ^ Biedermann: Natural monuments in the Wartburg district; District Office Wartburgkreis, 2014, page 41
