Richelsdorf Mountains

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Richelsdorf Mountains are up to 478.2  m above sea level. NHN high landscape characterized by mining ( copper shale , cobalt , nickel ) in the district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg , East Hesse . Contrary to the term mountains , the name does not stand for a self-contained low mountain range, but means a cultural landscape. Colloquially, this also includes the entire surrounding low mountain range in the southeast of the Fulda-Werra-Bergland ; Parts of the southern Werra-Meißner district and the extreme northwest of the Thuringian Wartburg district are added.

geography

The actual Richelsdorf mountain range lies completely in the old district of Rotenburg and is framed by the places Nentershausen (in the northwest), Richelsdorf (in the southeast), Hönebach (in the south) and Iba (in the west). Central place is sweet . The forested parts of the mountain are predominantly on red sandstone , in the area between Nentershausen and Süß and in the Iba hill country, Zechstein and Rotliegend predominate.

Orographic demarcation

In general, the Richelsdorf Mountains are often further defined than the original mining region, whereby the following orographic limits (related to height structures) can be assumed to be:

  • The north-western border is the Maßholder Bach from the source near Dens to the mouth of the Hasel , the lower reaches of the Hasel to the mouth of the Sontra and the Sontra at over the place of the same name Sontra to the mouth of the Ulfe
  • The north-eastern border to the Ringgau is the Ulfe upstream from the confluence via Breitau to Ulfen and this line is roughly extended by the significant elevation level of the Ringgau to the west of Unhausen , from now on the Breitzbach via Unhausen and Breitzbach to the confluence with the Nesse in Nesselröden and the lower course of the Nesse to the mouth of the Werra
  • The southeast border is roughly the route of the A 4 via Gerstungen and Obersuhl to Hönebach , which follows the valleys of Werra and Suhl upstream
  • The southern border to the Seulingswald is the Ulfe valley via Ronshausen to the confluence with the Fulda south of Bebras .
  • The south-western border to the Stölzinger Mountains is the Solz from the confluence with the Fulda in Bebra upstream to the source at Solz

In addition to the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district , the Werra-Meißner district in Hesse (north) and the Wartburg district in Thuringia (east) also have a share in this low mountain range.

mountains

The mountains of the orographic Richelsdorf Mountains include (altitude, natural area, district):

mountain Height
( m above sea level ) 		Natural space district
Herzberg 478.2 m Solztrottenwald District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Armsberg 470.6 m eastern Solztrottenwald Werra-Meißner district
Muhlberg 467.3 m eastern Solztrottenwald Werra-Meißner district
Little Armsberg 465.8 m eastern Solztrottenwald Werra-Meißner district
Holstein 462.6 m Hosbach-Sontra-Bergland Werra-Meißner district
Spitzhütte 461.5 m Solztottenwald District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Great Armsberg 459.7 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Rotestock 455.7 m Solztrottenwald District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
High sweet 454.0 m Solztrottenwald District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
High beech 439.2 m southern junction of the Sontraer Land to the Ibaer Hügelland and Solztrottenwald District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Schniedsberg 428.8 m southern junction of the Sontraer Land to the Ibaer Hügelland and Solztrottenwald District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Langhellsberg 421.7 m Hosbach-Sontra-Bergland Werra-Meißner district
Flötschkopf 421.2 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Stillmes 419.5 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Vogelheerd 418.9 m Solztrottenwald Werra-Meißner district
Ship head 417.5 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Chicken head 417.0 m West of the Solztrottenwald District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Ratzbusch 408.4 m northwestern interface of the Solztrottenwald to the Sontraer Land District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Hessberg 405.3 m eastern Solztrottenwald Werra-Meißner district
Hesselkopf 403.4 m Iba hill country District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Auerhansberg 403.2 m Solztrottenwald District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Stubbachshöhe 403.1 m South of the Solztrottenwald District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Hegeküppel 399.7 m Iba hill country District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Borkhahn 391.8 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Heiligenberg 379.2 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Iburg approx. 380 m Iba hill country District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Boiler head 378.1 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Schösserberg 377.9 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Brodberg 376.5 m Sontraer Land District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Reichenberg 365.8 m Sontraer Land District of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Fulda mountain 332.0 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Vineyard 298.7 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Strassberg 258.1 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district
Lindig 247.2 m eastern Solztrottenwald Wartburg district

Waters

The following rivers arise in the interior of the (orographic) Richelsdorf Mountains (in clockwise order, starting in the northwest):

Mention should also be made of the Denser See , a small pond that lies over the permeable Zechstein salt, which is why its water content fluctuates greatly due to the large amount of seepage.

Natural demarcation

The Richelsdorfer Mountains in the above orographic boundaries is natural area in the main from the Solztrottenwald (357.21) and the adjoining west, largely cleared Ibaer hills (357.30), which is largely the catchment areas of Iba and Solz equal and therefore to the west (right of Solz) something goes beyond these limits.

In the north-west there are the south-eastern parts of the cleared Sontraer Land (357.31) and in the far north the south-east of the largely forested Hosbach-Sontra-Bergland (357.90).

All the landscapes mentioned belong to the Fulda-Werra-Bergland (main unit 357).

Cultural geography

Localities

The localities of the Richelsdorf Mountains include:

Castles and Palaces

Castles and palaces or such ruins in the Richelsdorf Mountains are:

three ruins in the municipality of Wildeck:

Transport links

Approximately along the boundary of the southeastern Richelsdorfer mountains leads between the connection points Wommen and Wildeck - Hönebach a portion of the A 4 . From this highway branches at Wommen to the northwest, the B 400 from the close Sontras to the north to Eschwege and south-southwest of Bebra leading B 27 encounters. The Sontra - Herleshausen section of the A 44 is in planning / construction . Numerous state and district roads branch off from these roads through the mountains .

Stations on the Thuringian Railway exist in Hönebach and Ronshausen.

Mining history

The mining in Richelsdorfer Mountains are documented since 1460th They dug for copper , cobalt and barite . The Sontra mining regulations set out in 1499 were the model for many other mining regulations in Germany.

Copper shale and sand ore were mined until the 19th century, in the late 1930s and again after the Second World War until 1955 (both approx. 1% copper). At times the extraction of cobalt was successful (on faults in the copper slate, so-called ridge), and finally, from the 19th century until around 1965, barite (barite) was still mined. The main focus of mining took place in the south of the mountains (southern hollow of the Zechstein, only the Reichenbergschacht between Dens and Weissenhasel was located in the northern hollow). Despite high investments, the Reichenbergeschacht only produced a short time from the 1940s and finally had to be abandoned due to massive water ingress.

The area between the Richelsdorfer Hütte and the Friedrichshütte near Iba (today a district of Bebra) was later always the focus of mining, so that in the middle of the 17th century the mining office was relocated from Sontra to Richelsdorf. The Hessenhütte was built on the Brodberg southwest of Sontra for mining in the 20th century as part of the Third Reich's four-year plan . The sand ore was floated (the residues are still on the Brodberg) and the concentrate was added to the raw copper stone when the copper slate melted. The rough stone was brought to Hettstedt in the Mansfeld region for further smelting. The slag (approx. 95% of the material) that was produced when the copper slate was melted was poured into cinder blocks, which are still used to pave the road to the Brodberg.

The last mines were closed until 1955 (copper slate in the Wolfsberg and Schnepfenbusch shafts) and 1965 (Baryt, Gr. Franziska, Gr. Münden as early as 1951). Copper slate mining was no longer economical in the 20th century and was operated with high subsidy requirements (similar to mining in the Mansfelder Land from 1930 and near Sangerhausen until 1991, although the copper slate there contained more copper). The former smelters and mine sites became industrial areas, some of which are still operating today.

The remaining stocks of copper slate in the Richelsdorf Mountains (especially near Ronshausen) are currently no longer considered worthwhile because of the insufficient stocks. In addition, there is no longer a smelter in the economic vicinity that processes copper slate.

attachment

Individual evidence

  1. ^ National Atlas Germany , Volume 2, Institute for Regional Geography, Leipzig, ISBN 3-8274-0953-5
  2. ^ "Geological overview map of Hesse". Historical atlas of Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  3. ↑ Map services ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. des BfN , DVD "Hessen3D" ISBN 978-3-935603-73-7 and "Thüringen3D" ISBN 978-3-935603-79-9  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bfn.de
  4. ↑ In the map "Waldhessen (Eastern Part)" ISBN 978-3-89446-306-9 this mountain is listed as Kirchwaldskopf and can also be found in these maps as Kirchwaldskopf: "Germany Viewer" ( 379  m ), Hauptka-Radourenkarte "Knüllgebirge-Kassel" ( ISBN 3-88495-105-X ; 379  m ); "Meißner-Kaufunger Wald" ( ISBN 3-89446-318-X ; MK-TF50; 379  m ). In the DVD “Hessen3D” ISBN 978-3-935603-73-7 and in the map “Thüringen3D” ISBN 978-3-935603-79-9, however, the mountain is shown as Heiligenberg.
  5. ↑ The point indicated on maps with 346  m stands for the altitude of a natural monument on the western slope of the hilltop
  6. ↑ Map and legend of the Fulda-Werra-Bergland (357) and the sub-natural areas in the Hesse Environmental Atlas of the Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology - Attention: Web links without return!
  7. ^ Klaus Sippel: The copper slate mining in the Richelsdorf mountains. Leaflet on late medieval relics at Iba and Nentershausen, Hersfeld-Rotenburg district , Archäologische Denkmäler in Hessen series , issue 134, State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen, Wiesbaden, 1999, ISBN 3-89822-134-2
  8. ↑ Gerhard Seib: 500 years of mining in the Richelsdorfer Mountains 1460–1960 , self-published, Nentershausen, 1960, on hdl.handle.net (PDF; 11.34 MB)
  9. ↑ Micha Röhring: Mining in the Richelsdorf Mountains in the 20th Century: The extraction of copper shale and barite near Sontra in Hesse , Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies (Hessian Research on Historical Regional and Folklore Studies), Volume 33, Kassel 1998, ISBN 978-3 -925333-33-0
  10. ↑ compare: M. Röhring , 1998

General sources

Web links

Coordinates: 51 ° 0 '  N , 9 ° 56'  E