Bebra

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Bebra
Bebra
Map of Germany, position of the city of Bebra highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 58 '  N , 9 ° 47'  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : kassel
County : Hersfeld-Rotenburg
Height : 195 m above sea level NHN
Area : 93.64 km 2
Residents: 13,934 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 149 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 36179
Area code : 06622
License plate : HEF, ROF
Community key : 06 6 32 003
LOCODE : DE BEB
City structure: 12 districts

City administration address : 		Rathausmarkt 1
36179 Bebra
Website : www.bebra.de
Mayor : Stefan Knoche (independent)
Location of the city of Bebra in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district
Thüringen Vogelsbergkreis Landkreis Fulda Schwalm-Eder-Kreis Werra-Meißner-Kreis Alheim Rotenburg an der Fulda Cornberg Nentershausen (Hessen) Bebra Bebra Wildeck Heringen (Werra) Philippsthal (Werra) Friedewald (Hessen) Ludwigsau Neuenstein (Hessen) Hohenroda Schenklengsfeld Schenklengsfeld Hauneck Haunetal Niederaula Kirchheim (Hessen) Breitenbach am Herzberg Ronshausen Bad Hersfeldmap
About this picture

Bebra is a small town in northeast Hesse ( Germany ). Bebra is a classic railway town as a junction of several railway lines .

geography

View of Bebra in the Fulda valley from the east. In the foreground Bünberg . Rotenburg in the background .

Geographical location

Bebra is located in the district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg about 45 km south-southeast of Kassel on the Fulda . The town is thanks to the marked location at Fulda knee easy to find on most maps. It is surrounded by the Stölzinger Mountains in the north, the Richelsdorf Mountains in the east, the Seulingswald in the southeast and the Knüll in the southwest. The largest neighboring towns are Rotenburg and Bad Hersfeld .

Within the Bebra city area, the rivers Bebra , Solz , Lüder and Ulfe flow into the Fulda; the Iba flows into the Ulfe.

Neighboring communities

Starting in the north, clockwise, these communities come to Bebra: Cornberg , Nentershausen , Ronshausen , Ludwigsau and Rotenburg .

City structure

Since the municipal reform of January 1972, the city of Bebra has consisted of twelve districts, which in addition to the core city of Bebra consist of the surrounding villages. In clockwise direction, these are: Asmushausen , Gilfershausen , Rautenhausen , Braunhausen , Imshausen , Solz , Iba , Weiterode , Breitenbach , Blankenheim and Lüdersdorf .

history

Initially, Bebra was called Biberaho (village on the beaver river), which later became Bibera and finally Bebra.

The oldest known documentary mention comes from the 12th century. The document is the list of goods Breviarium sancti Lulli from the Hersfeld Monastery . In this document, which was re-edited from the end of the 9th century on the source, property of this monastery in Bebra is recorded in table 2, with table 2 referring to the period between the years 755 to 786. From this it can be concluded that Bebra already existed at that time.

Old Town Hall

The settlement essentially remained a larger farming village for the next few centuries. Even though important traffic flows already met at this point, it was first named in 1386 as a landgrave's village in the Rotenburg district. On the one hand there was a connection to the east via Eisenach to Halle . On the other hand, the Poststraße along the Fulda valley connected the region with southern Germany. Nevertheless, the area was dominated at that time by Rotenburg , about 6 kilometers away , which enjoyed the status of a small residential town ( Hessen-Rotenburg ). Bebra was a place of jurisdiction in the higher court of the Rotenburg district .

Bebra station in 1875

Bebra experienced an upswing in the expansion of the railway network in Germany, which also included this region in the middle of the 19th century (see Friedrich-Wilhelms-Nordbahn ), from 1849 with the opening of the Kassel - Bebra railway line. Towards the end of the century the city ​​was one of the most important railway hubs in Germany . The population grew from around 1,300 to 5,063 (1946) within about 70 years, the city lost its previously exclusively rural character due to the boom in trade and commerce. The most important employer was the Reichsbahn . The town charter Bebra received by the Chief Minister of the province of Hesse-Nassau , Philipp Prinz von Hessen , on 20 September 1935th

On November 7, 1938, the first day of the November pogroms , the first violent attacks on Jewish citizens and their businesses took place in Bebra, the neighboring Sontra and Rotenburg, Kassel and other cities in the Hesse region. In addition to the synagogue on Amalienstraße, the Jewish school was also destroyed. The riots were presumably controlled by the Gau propaganda leader and native Bebraer Heinrich Gernand . On December 4, 1944, Bebra was the target of an American bombing raid . The train station that was the target of the attack was only slightly damaged, but all three churches and 43 houses were destroyed, 64 people were killed and many injured. As was customary, it was the conformist banned the press to report on the attack and its victims. On April 2, 1945, Bebra was occupied by American troops.

The city's growth continued - interrupted by the Second World War - into the 1970s. Due to the good transport connections, some larger industrial companies settled. During the time of the inner-German border, a border crossing point was set up in Bebra to handle passenger and freight traffic in interzonal traffic (later intra-German border traffic). Since the mid-1980s, Bebra lost its importance as a railway junction, which led to fewer jobs at Deutsche Bundesbahn or its successor, Deutsche Bahn .

Incorporations

All districts listed above were incorporated on the occasion of the municipal reform on December 31, 1971.

Population development

year 1821 1830 1849 1858 1880 1900 1925 1939 1946 1961 1965 1968 1970 1971
Residents 987 1066 1488 1164 1369 2037 2740 4830 6985 7549 7780 7912 8065 8155
year 1961 * 1970 * 1972 ** 1975 1977 1982 1988 1999 2002 2007 2008 2012 2013 2016 2017
Residents 15,079 15,456 15,614 15,740 15,583 16,638 16,485 15,799 15.105 14,335 14,067 13,651 15,400 13,963 14,078

(* including the later incorporated places; ** after the incorporation of eleven places)

Population of Bebra from 1821 to 2016. The lower curve shows the data for the core town - the upper curve with incorporations

Religions and denominations

Protestant church
Chapel near Blankenheim
The Catholic Church of St. Mary

The area of ​​the city of Bebra today belongs to the Evangelical Church of Kurhessen-Waldeck and the largely congruent Catholic diocese of Fulda . The city is mostly Protestant.

Evangelical:

There are twelve Protestant churches in the core town of Bebra and its districts .

Catholic:

St. Marien is the Catholic branch church in the city center and belongs to the parish of St. Franziskus Bebra-Rotenburg.

There is also an Evangelical Methodist Church and an Evangelical Free Church Community ( Baptists ), a regional church community , a prayer house of the Mennonite Brethren Congregation , a house of prayer of the Islamic cultural association and a Syrian Orthodox Church. In addition, about 100 members of the Yazidi faith live in Bebra.

politics

City Council

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the 2016 city council
      
A total of 37 seats
  • SPD : 11
  • FDP : 1
  • CDU : 15
  • BfB : 1
  • FW : 3
  • Together : 6
 Parties and constituencies %
2016 		Seats
2016 		%
2011 		Seats
2011 		%
2006 		Seats
2006 		%
2001 		Seats
2001
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 41.3 15th 44.2 16 49.0 18th 53.8 20th
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 28.6 11 35.4 13 38.3 14th 41.0 15th
Together Together for Bebra 16.4 6th 14.8 6th 9.2 4th - -
FWG Free voter community Bebra 9.3 3 4.0 2 3.5 1 5.2 2
FDP Free Democratic Party 2.2 1 0.8 0 - - - -
BFB Citizens Forum Bebra 2.1 1 - - - - - -
LEFT The left - - 0.8 0 - - - -
total 100.0 37 100.0 37 100.0 37 100.0 37
Voter turnout in% 50.3 51.2 52.0 59.1
New Bebra City Hall

mayor

Stefan Knoche has been mayor (independent) since March 1st, 2020. Knoche was the only candidate in the election on September 8, 2019.

coat of arms

Blazon : “The red coat of arms shows a silver beaver standing upright over two pairs of diagonally crossed rails. The city colors are red and white. "

Significance: The Bebra coat of arms illustrates Bebra's change from a village to an important railway junction. The colors are reminiscent of the coat of arms of the Imperial Abbey of Hersfeld , to whose oldest possession the place belonged. The crossed twin threads are a heraldic symbolization of railroad tracks. Bebra has been known as an important railway junction since the middle of the 19th century.

The coat of arms was approved for the municipality in 1930 and has the following emblem:

"Bebra, in the Hesse region,
has a beaver in the red field,
plus a pair of crossed rails,
brave in life - true in striving."

Town twinning

Visit from the English twin town Knaresborough on the occasion of the 2012 fair

City partnerships exist with Knaresborough in England (since 1969) and with Friedrichroda in Thuringia (since the early 1990s).

Culture, sports and sights

Museums

Water tower

The railway museum in the former water tower shows the history of the local railway , which is important for Bebra . Right next door is a 600 mm narrow-gauge railway , which can also be seen in action on a few days from April to September.

Buildings

In addition to the old town hall , various half-timbered houses and the city's parks are worth mentioning. There is also a Catholic and Protestant church, which was completely restored after the Second World War , and a Syrian Orthodox church.

sports clubs

Biberkampfbahn Bebra, home ground of FSG Bebra, with a view of TSV-Halle, home of TSV Bebra

In Bebra and its districts, soccer is the most popular sport alongside handball. In addition to the 1st FV Bebra , which has been playing in a soccer community with the district clubs from Gilfershausen, Asmushausen and Braunhausen since 2011 , and FC Real Espanol, there are also soccer clubs in the districts of Blankenheim, Breitenbach, Iba, Solz and Weiterode. The teams FSG Bebra and ESV Weiterode play in the season 2017/18 in the county league Fulda Nord.

The LG Alheimer Rotenburg-Bebra (LGA) offers athletics and in the past has already appeared several times regionally and nationally through its local athletes. The handball department of TSV Bebra has played in the regional league since 2010.

Regular events

In autumn the traditional fair, the harvest festival and home festival, takes place, in the run-up to Christmas the Advent market around the town hall market. In addition to the city festival on the last weekend in June, many other festivals and events take place in the city center and the districts, as well as the kite festival on the Ibaer Welt Schlüssel in October. With the renovation of Lokschuppen II at the station, an event hall with a changing program is now available.

Artistic processing

Like many other small German cities, Bebra stands for declining economic and population growth. The author Matthias Horx coined the term Bebraistik as early as the late 1980s . In his essay “Endstation Bebra” he draws a picture of a colorless place.

In Klaus Pohl's play The Beautiful Stranger , Bebra and the fictional Hotel Reichsapfel serve as the cruel stage for a drama in five acts. In the play, an American woman travels through Germany, ends up in Bebra and becomes a witness and victim of crimes.

The photo artist Axel Beyer processes buildings and areas of the urban area and the districts of Breitenbach and Weiterode into collages in the volume “Bebracuriosa”.

Economy and Infrastructure

Former border station Bebra (1993)

At the end of the 1980s, Bebra lost its importance as a railway junction, also under the influence of German unity and the associated loss of border traffic. As a result, many residents of Bebra lost their jobs, as the Deutsche Bundesbahn was one of the largest employers in Bebra for years. A Bebra anecdote says that in the post-war period people did not ask: “Where do you work?” But rather: “Where do you work on the railway?”. Since the turn of the millennium, local politicians and members of the Bundestag in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district have been trying to develop the Bebra train station into a “ Cargo Center ”.

traffic

Bebra is a classic railroad town whose station includes a marshalling yard in addition to the passenger station . The city belongs to the North Hessian Transport Association . Until December 2018, individual long-distance trains that ran between Düsseldorf and Leipzig / Dresden stopped in Bebra.

In the west of the city, the B 27 from the north or south and the B 83 from the west meet. The B 27 leads south after about 15 km at Bad Hersfeld onto the A 4 , which continues on to the A 7 . From the east, Bebra can be reached via the A 4 at the Wildeck-Hönebach junction and the 3251 state road .

media

The following regularly printed media are available in Bebra:

Bike trails

The following cycle paths lead through the districts of Blankenheim and Breitenbach :

Established businesses

  • Branch of Continental Automotive GmbH (until June 2, 2008 Siemens VDO Automotive AG ), supplier to the automotive industry
  • times effect technology - LED lighting systems
  • HLG - Holzlogistik- u. Güterbahn Bebra GmbH
  • Logistics center of the Krug Group - international freight forwarding
  • ISI Consulting, Construction u. Verwaltungs GmbH - general contractor, project development (real estate)
  • Central repair facility of Hilti Deutschland AG

State institutions

Educational institutions

  • Brothers Grimm Comprehensive School with support level
  • Brothers Grimm School, elementary school
  • Breitenbach primary school
  • Weiterode primary school
  • Vocational schools with a vocational high school in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district
  • Training site in the construction industry
  • Chimney sweep school of the State Guild Association of Hesse
  • August-Wilhelm-Mende -Schule, special school with special focus on mental and physical-motor development in the district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg
  • Group training workshop of Strabag AG

Kindergartens

  • Municipal kindergarten Tabalugaland in Bebra
  • Municipal kindergarten Pusteblume in the Breitenbach district
  • Municipal kindergarten Rappelkiste in the Weiterode district
  • ev. Noah's Ark kindergarten in Bebra
  • ev. kindergarten in the district of Solz
  • cath. Kindergarten Villa Kunterbunt in Bebra
  • Crèche The little rascals in Bebra

Personalities

Adam von Trott zu Solz with his father August

sons and daughters of the town

Have lived and worked in Bebra

Trivia

  • The first German dining car drove between Berlin and Bebra on July 1, 1880 .
  • In the 1957 film Widower with Five Daughters , Heinz Erhardt comments on the statement “I still have a little thing to do in India” with “But he has to change trains in Bebra”.
  • In Loriot's sketch film analysis , Rolf Schröter (Loriot) welcomes the head of the (fictitious) University of Film and Television in Bebra, Professor Wolf Lemmer ( Heinz Meier ).
  • On July 19, 2003 an ICE 1 multiple unit of the Deutsche Bahn was christened Bebra.
  • On July 18, 2014, there was a reception for the newly crowned soccer world champion Shkodran Mustafi . At the town hall market in the city center, Mustafi was welcomed by 1,500 fans. In the run-up to this event, Mustafi signed the city of Bebra's Golden Book.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Handbook of Historic Places in Germany, Hesse. 3rd, revised edition, p. 39.
  3. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: It happened in front of everyone in Bebra and the surrounding area ) Central for teaching media. Retrieved April 21, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.zum.de
  4. ↑ Wolf-Arno Kropat: "Reichskristallnacht": the Jewish pogrom from November 7th to 10th, 1938; Originator, perpetrator, background. with selected documents. ( Commission for the history of the Jews in Hesse ), Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-921434-18-1 , p. 59; Alan E. Steinweis: Kristallnacht 1938. Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. et al. 2009, p. 23, presents this more cautiously as a possibility, for which however concrete evidence is lacking.
  5. ↑ Mission 208 Target: Bebra
  6. ^ Bankverein Bebra history ( Memento from November 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ Bebra Chronic Voluntary Fire Brigade ( Memento from March 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 406 .
  9. ↑ Information on the website of the State Statistical Office of Hesse , accessed on July 29, 2017.
  10. ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  11. ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 27, 2011
  12. ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Result of the municipal elections on March 26, 2006
  13. ^ Bebra Railway Museum
  14. ↑ Matthias Horx : The wild eighties. a Zeitgeist journey through the Federal Republic. C. Hanser , Munich 1987, ISBN 3-446-14971-6 .
  15. ↑ Klaus Pohl : Karate-Billi returns / The beautiful stranger. Publishing house of the authors , Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-88661-122-1 .
  16. ↑ Axel Beyer : Bebracuriosa. Seltmann + Söhne , Lüdenscheid 2010, ISBN 978-3-934687-90-5 .
  17. ↑ IC / EC network 2014 of the DB ( Memento of March 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) PDF file. Retrieved April 16, 2014.

Web links

Commons : Bebra  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Bebra  - travel guide
Wiktionary: Bebra  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations