Office Pforta

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Pforta office was a territorial administrative unit in the Thuringian district of the Electorate of Saxony, which was converted into a kingdom in 1806 . Possession of the 1540 secularised monastery Pforta was at the foundation of the country Pforta in 1543 in the Electorate of Saxony education authority Pforta converted. Between 1657 and 1746, the Pforta office performed administrative tasks over part of the Albertine secondary school principality of Saxony-Weißenfels , but it belonged to the main line of Electoral Saxony.

Until it was ceded to Prussia and to Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (exclave Darnstedt) in 1815, as a Saxon office, it was the spatial reference point for the demand for sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and army successes .

Geographical expansion

The main part of the Pforta office lay between the ridge of the Finns in the west and the valley of the Saale in the east. Four exclaves belonged to the office. The two northern exclaves Hechendorf and Memleben were to the west and east of the city of Wiehe . While Hechendorf is on the edge of the Hohe Schrecke , Memleben is located south of the Unstrut . The eastern exclave with Mertendorf and Punkewitz was on the Wethau . The southern exclave of Darnstedt was on the Ilm .

The official area is now mostly in the state of Saxony-Anhalt and belongs to the Burgenland district . In the Free State of Thuringia are the exclaves Hechendorf (in the Kyffhäuserkreis ) and Darnstedt (in the Weimarer Land district ).

Adjacent administrative units

Main part of the Pforta office

The main area of ​​the Albertine office of Pforta bordered the following administrative units:

  • North: Amt Freyburg ( Electorate of Saxony , from 1806 Kingdom of Saxony)
  • East: Amt Naumburg (Electorate of Saxony, from 1806 Kingdom of Saxony)
  • South (Albertine offices): Exclaves of the offices in Eckartsberga, Naumburg, Tautenburg (Electorate of Saxony, Kingdom of Saxony from 1806)
  • South (Ernestine offices): offices in Eisenberg (northern part) and Camburg (1572 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar , 1603 to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg , 1672–1680 and from 1707 to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg , 1680–1707 to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenberg ); Amt Roßla (1572 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, 1603 to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg, 1672 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, from 1741 all to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach)
  • West and northwest: Eckartsberga office and exclave of Naumburg office (Electorate of Saxony, Kingdom of Saxony from 1806)
Northwestern exclaves

Hechendorf was in the Electoral Saxon Office Eckartsberga, only in the east it bordered a small part on the Electoral Saxon Office Wendelstein . Memleben bordered the Wendelstein office in the north, the Freyburg office in the east and the Eckartsberga office in the south and west.

Eastern and Southern exclaves

The eastern exclave with the places Punkewitz and Mertendorf bordered in the north and east on the Albertine office of Weißenfels , in the south on an exclave of the Albertine office of Tautenburg and in the west on the northern part of the Ernestine district office of Eisenberg.

The southern exclave town of Darnstedt, whose corridor belonged to the Ernestine Office Roßla, bordered in the north and south on the Albertine Office Eckartsberga, in the east and west on the Ernestine Office Roßla. In the east, the Ernestine Office also bordered Camburg.

history

Pforta Monastery

The Pforta monastery was created in 1137 by relocating the Cistercian monastery founded a few years earlier in Schmölln . Bishop Udo I. von Naumburg gave it the name Claustrum apud Portam ( monastery at the gate ) or Porta Mariae (Marien gate). The monks cultivated the land around the monastery and made it one of the richest monasteries in East Thuringia.

Already in 1209 the monastery, which was under the special protection of the Saxon dukes , was named as belonging to 27 places with a total of 163 hooves , plus forests and meadows. From the 12th to the 14th century, the Pforta monastery became one of the largest landowners in northern Thuringia through inheritances, gifts and purchases. Since the end of the 13th century Pforta pursued the formation of a closed territory with sovereign rights. The first church visitation after the Reformation took place in 1537. The Albertine Duke Heinrich the Pious had the Cistercian monastery closed in 1540.

Pforta school office

In 1540 the Pforta monastery was secularized and initially continued as a ducal domain. After lengthy negotiations about the further use of the building, the Albertine Duke Moritz von Sachsen founded one of the three Saxon princely schools in Pforta on May 21, 1543 , in the tradition of which the Pforta State School, which is housed in the former monastery buildings, still exists today. The monastery properties were combined in the “Pforta School Authority ”, whose bailiff also managed the school's economic affairs. The Wittenberg surrender in 1547 brought the state school with the Pforta education authority to the Albertine electorate of Saxony . In 1551, the remaining property of the dissolved Benedictine monks - Propstei Memleben was assigned to the Pforta school office , which has since been part of the office as an exclave.

Between 1657 and 1746, the majority belonged to the Thuringian county for Albertine Sekundogenitur -Fürstentum Saxe-Weissenfels . Although the Pforta education authority remained under the sovereignty of the Electoral Saxon main line, it exercised additional supervisory rights over the writers in the offices of Eckartsberga , Freyburg and Weißenfels (lower district) left to the secondary school . Duke August von Sachsen-Weißenfels had a spiritual inspection set up in Schulpforte in 1657, which took over the canonical supervision until 1749. The churches and schools of all written places in the offices of Freyburg, Weißenfels and Eckartsberga were subordinate to it. Between 1712 and 1733, the income from the education authority was pledged to the Ernestine Duchy of Saxony-Weimar . With the appointment of the Electorate of Saxony to the Kingdom , the Pforta office belonged to the Kingdom of Saxony from 1806 .

Assignment to Prussia

After the Napoleonic Wars , the Congress of Vienna in 1815 decided to assign territory from the Kingdom of Saxony to the Kingdom of Prussia . a. concerned the entire Thuringian district with its offices. In the final act of the congress and in the contract of June 1, 1815, it was stipulated that Prussia would, within 14 days of the signing of the contract, a. the place Darnstedt, which had previously belonged to the Pforta office as an exclave, had to cede to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The Grand Duchy attached the place to the Roßla office .

The majority of the Pforta office that remained with Prussia was assigned to the newly founded district of Naumburg in the province of Saxony . The exclaves Memleben and Hechendorf came to the Prussian district of Eckartsberga . The rent office existed until the second half of the 19th century.

Associated places

Villages
Villages under the jurisdiction of the Pforta Office

The corridor of both places belonged to the Eisenberg district office until 1554 , and since then to the Freyburg office .

Villages (exclaves)

The exclave towns of Mertendorf and Punkewitz both have to pay their taxes to the Weißenfels office .

Vorwerke
Manors
  • Rossbach
Monasteries and other important buildings in office
Desolation
  • Damsla (near Gernstedt)
  • Grünstädt (near Hassenhausen)
  • Katzenrode (near Kösen)
  • Loisch (at Punkewitz)
  • Tobogganing, Roßenitz, Thesnitz, Lasan, Hoppendorf (near Roßbach)
  • Tauschwitz (near Almrich)
  • Few memleben (near Memleben)
  • Vorwerk Lochwize

Officials

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Leopoldus Janauschek: Originum Cisterciensium Tomus Primus. Vienna 1877, p. 25.
  2. ^ State Archives of the German Confederation, Volume 1, p. 374
  3. ↑ Places of the Roßla office after 1815 on p. 55 f.
  4. ^ Locations of the Prussian district of Naumburg in the municipal directory 1900
  5. ↑ Places of the Prussian district Eckartsberga in the municipality register 1900
  6. ↑ Almrich and Flemmingen on p. 164
  7. ^ The Pforta school office in the book Geography for all stands, Volume 3, p. 365ff.
  8. ↑ Description of the earth of the Electoral and Ducal Saxon Lands, Mertendorf and Punkewitz on p. 164
  9. ^ The Roßla Office before 1815 in the book Geography for all Stands, p. 35.
  10. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history , Volume 2, p. 159.
  11. ↑ The desert brands Döben and Hohendorf on p. 33.
  12. ↑ Katzenrode on p. 595
  13. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history , Volume 2, pp. 142f.
  14. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history , Volume 2, pp. 144f.
  15. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history , Volume 2, pp. 140f.
  16. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history , Volume 2, pp. 115f.

Web links