District Office Eisenberg

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The Eisenberg office , known as Eisenberg District Office from the 18th century , was a territorial administrative unit of the Ernestine duchies . It belonged to the Ernestines from 1485 to 1547 , then briefly to the Albertines until 1554 and then again to the Ernestines. From 1572 to 1603 it belonged to the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar , from 1603 to the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg , from 1672 to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg , from 1680 to 1707 to the Duchy of Saxe-Eisenberg , then again to Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. In 1826 the northern part came to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen (exclave Camburg), the southern part continued to exist as the Eisenberg district office in the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg in 1854 and the associated dissolution, the office formed the spatial reference point for the demand for sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and army successes .

Geographical location

The area of ​​the Eisenberg district office was in the area of ​​the Saale-Elster sandstone slab between the Saale in the west and the Weisse Elster in the east. However, both rivers were not touched by the official territory. The rivers Wethau , Gleise and Rauda ran through the district office . The Eisenberg district office was separated into two parts until 1815 by the offices of Tautenburg and Weißenfels belonging to the Electorate of Saxony and the Kingdom of Saxony . After 1815 the office of Tautenburg with the office of Bürgel belonged to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach and the dissolved office of Weißenfels to Prussia (Weißenfels district, Saxony province). Landscapes in the office was the Molauer Platte in the smaller northern part . The larger southern part of the office bordered the Tautenburg Forest in the west . In the area were the landscapes Abbey in the west and the Thuringian woodland in the south.

Today the border between the Free State of Thuringia and the State of Saxony-Anhalt runs through the administrative area . While the larger southern part belongs to the Saale-Holzland district in Thuringia, with the exception of four places (to the district of Greiz ) , the places of the smaller northern part are in the Saxony-Anhalt Burgenland district . Only two places in the northern part are today in the Saale-Holzland district in Thuringia.

Adjacent administrative units

Situation up to the Congress of Vienna in 1815

The following offices bordered the northern part of the Eisenberg district office until 1815:

The following offices bordered the southern part of the Eisenberg district office until 1815:

  • North: Office Weißenfels (Electorate of Saxony, from 1806 Kingdom of Saxony)
  • East: Zeitz Office (Electorate of Saxony, Kingdom of Saxony from 1806)
  • Southeast: Rule of Gera (Principality of Reuss-Gera )
  • South: Amt Roda (1572 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, 1603 to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg, 1672–1680 and from 1707 to the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg, 1680–1707 to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenberg)
  • Southeast: part of the Leuchtenburg-Orlamünde district (1572 to the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, 1603 to the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, 1672 to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg)
  • West: Amt Bürgel (1572 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, 1672 to the Duchy of Saxony-Jena , 1690 to Saxony-Weimar, from 1741 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach )
  • Northwest: Amt Tautenburg (Electorate of Saxony, from 1806 Kingdom of Saxony)
Situation after the Congress of Vienna in 1815

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815 until it was incorporated into the Camburg Office in 1826, the northern part of the Eisenberg District Office bordered the following administrative units:

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the southern part of the Eisenberg district office bordered on the following administrative units:

  • North: District of Weißenfels (Kingdom of Prussia, Province of Saxony)
  • Northeast: Zeitz District (Kingdom of Prussia, Province of Saxony)
  • East: Rule of Gera (Principality of Reuss-Gera, from 1848 Principality of Reuss younger line )
  • South: Amt Roda (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg, became the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg in 1826)
  • South-east: part of the district office of Kahla (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg, became the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg in 1826)
  • West: Office Bürgel with Tautenburg (Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach)

history

History until the middle of the 16th century

The beginnings of the Eisenberg office go back to the late Middle Ages. The district of the office belonged to the Osterland , which had been owned by the Wettins since 1171 . On behalf of the Wettin Margraves of Meißen , Eisenberg Castle was built in the 12th century at a strategically important point on the trade routes of that time . Eisenberg was already fortified with a wall in 1171 and received city ​​rights in 1274 . Landgraves' ministerials are documented from the 13th century . Eight villages in the Abbey landscape originally belonged to the fiefdom of the Bürgel Abbey in the Middle Ages . Klosterlausnitz and Kraftsdorf originally belonged to the Lausnitz monastery . In 1352, the Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen, Friedrich III. , The monastery Pforta the blood judiciary and the courts, on the neck and hand over the two northern office locations Flemmingen and Altenburg . This led to an increasing dependence of the two villages on the Cistercian abbey of Pforta.

When Leipzig was divided in 1485, the Eisenberg office fell to the Ernestines . The Reformation was introduced in 1524 . After the Wittenberg surrender in 1547, the Eisenberg office came temporarily to the Albertines , but was returned to the Ernestines by the Naumburg Treaty of 1554/57. However, the two northern districts of Flemmingen and Altenburg (Almrich), which, after the dissolution of the Pforta monastery since 1543, were under the jurisdiction of the Albertine Pforta district, were separated from the Eisenberg district office and placed under the sovereign administration of the Freyburg district of Saxony , from which they, however territorially separated.

Mid-16th century to 1826

Saxony-Eisenberg (around 1680)

In the Erfurt division of the Ernestine duchy of Saxe in 1572 the Office Eisenberg came to the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar . Duke Johann III. von Sachsen-Weimar subordinate the offices in his possession Altenburg , Eisenberg and Ronneburg in 1591 to the court marshal and official governor Carl von Friesen , who administered them until his death in 1599. When the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar was divided, the Eisenberg office was assigned to the newly founded Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg in 1603 . After the older line of Saxony-Altenburg died out in 1672, the Eisenberg office was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha when the state was divided , which has been called Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg since then .

As early as 1680, the area of ​​the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg in the Gotha main recess was divided into seven duchies, so that the Eisenberg office belonged to the Duchy of Saxe-Eisenberg ever since . In the royal seat of Eisenberg, Duke Christian von Sachsen-Eisenberg had Eisenberg Castle expanded into Christiansburg Castle during his reign . Since the ducal line from Saxony-Eisenberg died out again in 1707, its territory fell back to Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg. From the 18th century the Eisenberg office was called "Eisenberg District Office". It belonged to the "Eisenbergischer Kreis" of the duchy.

The Eisenberg district office from 1826

Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg from 1826

In 1825/26, after the Saxon-Gotha-Altenburg line had died out, the Ernestine duchies were reorganized . The Eisenberg district office was divided by the Hildburghausen partition contract . The 15 places of the northern Eisenberg district office, which were separated from the southern part of the Eisenberg district office by the Bürgel and Tautenburg office belonging to Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach , came with the Camburg office as an exclave to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen .

The southern part of the Eisenberg district office with the town of Eisenberg was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg . In 1832 the "District Main Team Westkreis", also called "Saal-Eisenbergischer Kreis", was created as a higher-level administrative authority for the offices of Eisenberg, Roda and Kahla (Leuchtenburg-Orlamünde) in the western part of the duchy .

The downsized Eisenberg district office existed as a lower administrative and judicial authority in the western district of the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg until the administrative reform in 1854, when it was continued as the " Eisenberg court office ". In 1876 administrative powers were given to the Roda County. The legal tasks of the Eisenberg court office went to the Eisenberg district court in 1879 .

Associated places

Places of the southern district office Eisenberg, which came to Sachsen-Altenburg in 1826

Cities
Official Villages
Official villages (proportionally)
Castles and Palaces
Desolation

Places of the northern district office Eisenberg, which came to Sachsen-Meiningen in 1826 with the office Camburg

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history, Volume 2, pp. 140f.
  2. ^ The Naumburg Treaty in the chronicle of the city of Langensalza in Thuringia, pp. 207f.
  3. ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history, Volume 2, pp. 140f.
  4. ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and prehistoric living spaces Jenzig, 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 73 u. 75.
  5. ↑ Places of the Saxon-Meiningen district of Saalfeld
  6. ^ History of the Camburg district department in the Thuringia archive portal
  7. ^ Locations of the Saxony-Altenburg district office Roda
  8. ↑ The district main team Westkreis in the archive portal Thuringia
  9. ^ The Eisenberg court office in the Thuringia archive portal