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The Amt Frauenbreitungen , known as Amt Frankenberg before 1525 , was a territorial administrative unit of the county of Henneberg . After the Count of Henneberg died out in 1583, the office came under the joint administration of the Albertine and Ernestine Wettins . By splitting up the county of Henneberg in 1660, the office was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha . After that it belonged to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg from 1672 and after an inheritance from 1680 to the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen .

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen in 1827 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The area of ​​the Frauenbreitungen office was on both sides of the central Werra between the Thuringian Forest in the east and the Rhön in the west. To the west of the Werra belonged Frauenbreitungen, Frankenberg Castle, the valley of the middle and lower Rosabach and the Pleß mountain ( 645.4  m above sea  level ) to the official area. To the east of the Werra were Altenbreitungen and the lower reaches of the Farnbach and Grumbach .

During his membership in the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen, the office was in the Meininger Unterland . The official area is now in the southwest of the Free State of Thuringia and belongs to the districts of Schmalkalden-Meiningen and Wartburgkreis .

Adjacent administrative units were:

history

Rule of the Lords of Frankenstein and von Frankenberg

Königsbreitungen became a customs and mint of the Hersfeld Abbey when it was granted market rights in 1114 . The poor hospital founded in 1137 became a Premonstratensian monastery in 1150 . When nuns later also moved into the double monastery of the Premonstratensians and Augustinians, the place Königsbreitungen was renamed " Frauenbreitungen ".

The protection office of the Hersfeldian Mark Breitungen with the monasteries Frauenbreitungen and Herrenbreitungen was perceived in the 12th century by the Lords of Frankenstein , first mentioned in 1137 , a sideline of the Counts of Henneberg . Frankenberg Castle near Helmers in the Rosatal , also mentioned for the first time in 1137, was owned by the Frankensteiners at that time. It is not known whether it was built by the Frankensteiners or how it came into their possession. It served to protect the trade route running through the Rosatal from Frankfurt am Main via Dermbach and Schmalkalden to Erfurt.

Under Ludwig I von Frankenstein's († after 1164) sons, the lords of Frankenstein divided into three lines, of which the line Gotebold V of Frankenstein († after 1197) referred to itself as lords of Frankenberg after Frankenberg Castle . The Frankenberg domain was small and included besides the Frankenberg Castle possessions in Fischbach, Altenbreitungen, Breitenbach, Hochheim, Mittelschmalkalden and in the lower Grumbach as well as the Fronhof in Helmers with possessions in Eckardts and Roßdorf. The importance of this small rule grew with the transfer of the protective bailiwick over the Premonstratensian monastery in Frauenbreitungen in 1183.

Gotebold (Gottwald) von Frankenberg had three sons: Heinrich, Otto and Poppo, the latter two of whom took the name "von Stein" (de lapide). While Otto lived in Altenstein , Poppo took his seat at Frankenberg Castle. Later the Frankenberg Castle came into Otto's possession. In a papal bull , Otto von Stein was mentioned as the first Vogt of the Frauenbreitungen monastery, with Frankenberg Castle as its seat. Later Otto's brother Heinrich von Frankenberg was also the guardian of the Frauenbreitungen monastery. In 1248 he received the bailiwick over an estate in Altenbreitungen.

When the balance of power in the region had shifted significantly after the Thuringian-Hessian War of Succession , the heirs of Heinrich and Otto von Frankenberg asked in 1278 for the Hersfeld monastery to take over the fief . This awarded it to Count Berthold V. von Henneberg-Schleusingen. In 1285 Heinrich von Frankenberg bequeathed a courtyard in the monastery and all of his goods in Breitenbach, Grumbach and Hochheim to the Frauenbreitungen monastery in a will. With the death of Heinrich von Frankenberg in 1293, his line in the male line died out. His cousins, the Frankenstein dynasts, came into the inheritance. Due to armed conflicts with the neighboring rulers, their rule was shaken in 1295 by a campaign by King Adolf and fell into deep debt.

Rule of the Counts of Henneberg

In view of this loss of power of the Frankensteiners, the Thuringian Landgrave Albrecht II., With the consent of the Hersfeld abbots, handed over Frankenberg Castle and the associated district to the Counts of Henneberg-Schleusingen in 1295 and the Vogtei Altenbreitungen in 1301. Also in 1301 the Henneberger was enfeoffed with the Hersfeld possessions around Frauenbreitungen including the bailiwick rights over the monastery. Count Berthold VII , von Henneberg-Schleusingen then created the Frankenberg office by merging the Vogtei Frauenbreitungen with the Vogtei Frankenberg, to which Helmers and parts of Rosa and Roßdorf also belonged. The Frankenberg castle men appointed by Count von Henneberg were also officials.

After 1317 the court of "Mark Roßdorf" in the upper Rosatal with Roßdorf, Rosa, Eckardts, Witzigendorf with the Georgenzell monastery came to the Friedelshausen court acquired by the Hennebergers in 1297 (from 1350 also called " Amt Sand "). In 1330 the Frankensteiners, who were in decline, had to sell most of their remaining property (Frankensteiner sales letter). The villages and farms Meimers, Frauenhof, Oberbreitenbach and Niedergrumbach, located orographically to the right of the Werra, as well as the forests between Schönsee , Werra and Rosa came to the Frankenberg office.

After the death of Count Heinrich VIII , the son of Berthold VII, the estate was divided between the widow and Heinrich's brother in 1347. While the new regent Johann I († 1359) a. a. received the office Frankenberg with Frauenbreitungen as well as the place Wernshausen from the Vogtei Herrenbreitungen, got the widow Jutta von Brandenburg a. a. the rest of the Bailiwick of Herrenbreitungen was awarded, which then came under the dual rule of Henneberg and Hesse in 1360 with the entire Schmalkalden rule.

Around 1360 the Frankenberg office was shown as a lien. The feudal sovereignty over Frankenberg Castle was retained by the Henneberg counts. Lien holders were from 1360 the brothers Berthold and Johann Schenk, 1377 the Hochstift Würzburg and 1378 Wenzel von Stein-Liebenstein zu Barchfeld . In 1379 the Würzburg bishop vacated the castle and Wenzel von Stein-Liebenstein transferred it to Lutz and Fritz von Wangenheim and relocated the monastery and the castle to them again. It was not until 1408 that Count Wilhelm II von Henneberg-Schleusingen managed to buy back Frankenberg Castle.

The last noble resident of Frankenberg Castle was the castle man Heinz von der Tann († 1521). At that time the castle was already in decline. The uninhabited castle was destroyed during the Peasants' War in 1525.

In the course of the introduction of the Reformation in the county of Henneberg-Schleusingen, the Frauenbreitungen monastery was secularized in 1554 and added to the castle estate. The Burgamt Frankenberg, which was identical to the Zent Frauenbreitungen, was converted into the Vogteiamt Frauenbreitungen and the official seat was moved to Frauenbreitungen. Bailiwick and monastery were still differentiated in the official accounts of the late 16th century.

The office under the common administration of the Wettins

After the counts of Henneberg died out in 1583, the office of Frauenbreitungen came under the joint administration of the Ernestine and Albertine Wettins in accordance with the Kahla Treaty of 1554 . According to the Salzung Treaty of 1583, the neighboring Hessian-Hennebergische Vogtei Herrenbreitungen with the rule Schmalkalden came completely to the Landgraviate of Hesse , with the exception of the Bußhof , which was attached to the Office Frauenbreitungen.

Since the 16th century, the Frauenbreitungen office comprised the villages of Frauen- and Altenbreitungen, Wernshausen and Helmers as well as the Knollbach, Craimar, Neuhof, Hauenhof, Neuroda, Grumbach, Farnbach, Forsthof, Meimers, Bairoda and the Bußhof farms. In 1606 a new office building was built on the site of the Frauenbreitungen monastery. Between 1644 and 1650 the office was under the administrator of Wasung.

The office as part of the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen

When the county of Henneberg was divided into real estate in 1660, the Frauenbreitungen office initially came under the joint administration of the duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Gotha . The two duchies shared this property as early as 1661, and the office of Frauenbreitungen came to Saxe-Gotha, which was called Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg from 1672 onwards . When this was divided in 1680, the office came to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen . From 1672 to 1685 the office was administered again by the Wasung bailiff, then it received its own bailiff. The office was combined with the Altenstein office under its bailiff in 1812. After his death in 1821, the connection between the two offices remained under the Meiningen office secretary, who in 1825 limited his activities to women and headed the office until 1827.

As part of the reorganization of the Meininger Unterland , the Frauenbreitungen office was dissolved in 1827. The administrative functions were subordinated to the district office Frauenbreitungen, which was now responsible for the former offices of Frauenbreitungen, Salzungen, Altenstein with Liebenstein, Wasungen and Sand. The newly established Justice Office Glücksbrunn took over the jurisdiction . As early as 1829, the district office Frauenbreitungen was dissolved again and divided into the two administrative offices Wasungen and Salzungen, whereby the offices of Salzungen, Altenstein with Liebenstein and Frauenbreitungen were combined to form the latter. The jurisdiction was subordinated to the district court Meiningen.

During a structural reorganization of the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen in 1868, the Salzungen administrative office was dissolved and incorporated into the newly founded Meiningen district with other administrative offices in the Meiningen Unterland .

Associated places

Villages
Castles and monasteries
Courtyards and individual goods
Desolation
  • Atzendorf (near Barchfeld)
  • Intrusion rights (oprechtes)
  • Fischbach (near Helmers)
  • Forsthof
  • Frankenroda
  • Hewendorf (or Hunindorf)
  • Oberbreitenbach
  • Scherstruth (Scherfstrote; near Barchfeld)
  • Stahlhausen
  • Sternbach (Sterebach)
  • Windischen Rose

Officials and other administrators

Senior officials
  • Johann Ludwig von Miltitz (1692; 1707–1720)
Officials
  • Blaufuß (clerk and castle man after 1347)
  • Heinz von der Tann (Burgmann until 1521)
  • Peter Thomas Schröter (1685–1711)
  • Georg Peter Schröter (1711–1737)
  • Peter Christoph Avemann (1737–1759)
  • Jakob Philipp Elias Avemann (1759–1779)
  • Georg Ernst Christoph Avemann (1779–1805)
  • Johann Christian Molter (1797–1804)
  • Johann Wilhelm Schneider (1805-1806)
  • Karl Heinrich Holdefreund (1806–1812)
  • Johann Gustav Tellgmann (1812–1821), bailiff in Altenstein
  • Johann Karl Friedrich Schenk (1822–1827)
Official Commissioners
  • Georg Ernst Christoph Avemann (1776–1779)
Clerk
  • Johann Christian Molter (1792–1797)
Office secretaries
  • Johann Wilhelm Schneider (1804–1805)
Public actuaries
  • Friedrich Christian Elias Ortmann (1812–1827)
Clerk
  • Peter Walther (?? - 1685)
  • Johann Michael Sachs (1702–1721)
  • Johann Wilhelm Schneider (1804–1805)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Description of the castles Altenstein, Neuchâtel and Liebenstein
  2. ↑ Ernst-Ulrich Hahmann: The knights from Frankenstein . Resch-Verlag, Meiningen 2011, p. 100 .
  3. ↑ name = "Rhönwacht1991"