Wangenheim's court

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The Wangenheim court was a territorial administrative unit of the Ernestine duchies . The patrimonial of the gentlemen von Wangenheim belonged from 1640 to the duchy of Saxe-Gotha , from 1672 to the duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and from 1826 to Saxe-Coburg and Gotha .

Until the abolition of patrimonial jurisdiction in 1839, it was the spatial reference point for claiming sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and military service .

Geographical location

The places of the Wangenheim court were interspersed between the offices of Tenneberg and Gotha and the Uetterodtschen and Hopffgartenschen court in the west of the Duchy of Gotha. The Wangenheim courts were located between the northern edge of the Thuringian Forest in the south, the Hörselberge and Hainich in the west or northwest, the Thuringian Basin and the western edge of the Fahner Höhe in the east. Rivers in the official area were the Nesse , the Hörsel and the Emse . The six places of the Winterstein court were called "forest villages" because of their location in the Thuringian Forest, the remaining places were called "Unterdörfer".

The ruled area is now in the west of the Free State of Thuringia and is partly part of the Gotha district and the Wartburg district .

Adjacent administrative units

Since the places of the Wangenheim court were interspersed between the offices of Tenneberg and Gotha, the Uetterodtschen and Hopffgartenschen courts, the adjacent administrative units can only be roughly determined.

It bordered the following administrative units:

history

In 1133, the noble family von Wangenheim with Lodewicus de Wangenheim as the Fulda ministerial was first mentioned in a document, but the family presumably existed some time before. Crucial to the fortified headquarters of Wangenheim family in the same place Wangenheim the crossroads of north-south and east-west connections and a convenient location might have been.

In 1305 the Lords of Wangenheim inherited Grossenbehringen, Wolfsbehringen and the later deserted Westheim from the Lords of Brandenfels . Pfullendorf came into the possession of the Wangenheimers as early as 1297. In 1305 the Thuringian Landgrave Albrecht entrusted the Lords of Wangenheim with bailiff to Behringen. In 1321 they got u. a. the places Haina, Oesterbehringen with the Leichberg , Lohhochheim, half of Westhausen , Furthe, Pfullendorf, Hastrungsfeld and Tüngeda from Count Friedrich and Hermann von Orlamünde to fief. In 1325 Heßwinkel also came into possession of Wangenheim. The family of the Lords of Wangenheim were owners of Sonneborn Castle from 1370 . In 1411 they were enfeoffed by the abbot of Fulda with the place Sonneborn. In 1498 they bought the place from the Lords of Erffa . It was divided between both lines. Around 1527 Hütscheroda and in 1580 the Erffaische part of Tüngeda came to the Wangenheimers.

The von Wangenheim family was initially free, from 1395 they are attested as Ministeriale (Landvögte) of the Thuringian Landgraves from the House of Wettin . From the middle of the 14th century, the family formed the two main lines Wangenheim and Winterstein . The Wintersteiner Line had its headquarters in Winterstein Castle, built in 1307 on the edge of the Thuringian Forest. The estates that were accrued in the division of the estate were subsequently increased by estates in the places Sonneborn, Kälberfeld, Fschbach, Kahlenberg and Schönau. The Wangenheimer line had u. a. Property around Wangenheim and Behringen. Wangenheim Castle was abandoned in the 16th century. The headquarters of the Wangenheimer line was in Haina until 1738 when it was relocated to Behringen. In the 15th century Hastrungsfeld and its neighboring town Ettenhausen came to the Lords of Herda , who are also known as the lords of the Brandenburg castle near Lauchröden .

The feudal sovereignty over the Wangenheim court had been with the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha since 1640 and with the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg from 1672 , with which it remained after the “ Gotha Main Recess ” of 1680. After the two manors in the village of Wangenheim went bankrupt, the Lords of Uechtritz (Fuga line) bought them in 1738, which means that they have owned half the village since then. In 1743 Haina and the Tüngeda estate also came into their possession, and in 1771 the Tüngeda estate as well. In Hochheim, jurisdiction was divided between the Lords of Uechteritz and Wangenheim. The Lords of Wangenheim had their courts administered jointly until 1743. As a result of the separation recession that took place that year, each of the four, and later five, Wangenheim estates was given its own court system.

From 1826 the Wangenheim court belonged to the Duchy of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . After the Lords of Wangenheim had ceded their patrimonial jurisdiction over the courts of Großenbehringen, Oesterbehringen, Sonneborn and Wangenheim to the state of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha in 1839 , these places became with the lordly villages of Brüheim, Eberstädt, Friedrichswerth, Metebach and Neufrankenroda (previously all to the office of Gotha ) merged to the state “judicial office Wangenheim in Friedrichswerth”. The places Burla, Craula, Ebenheim and Weingarten, which previously belonged to the Hopffgarten court , were also incorporated into it in 1839. The Wangenheim court in Winterstein, which comprised the six forest villages of Winterstein (wangenheim part), Fischbach, Sondra, Kälberfeld, Kahlenberg and Schönau (wangenheim part), came in 1839 to the state “court office of Thal”.

During the administrative reform in the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha in 1858, the administration of these places came to the Waltershausen District Office . The court offices Wangenheim zu Friedrichswerth and Thal were converted into pure justice offices and in 1879 into local courts.

Associated places

Wangenheim court places in Großenbehringen
Wangenheim courts in Oesterbehringen
Wangenheim courts in Sonneborn (I)
Wangenheim court places in Sonneborn (II)
  • Sonneborn (1/4)
  • Hochheim (proportionately)
  • Oesterbehringen (proportionately)
  • Pfullendorf (proportionately)
  • Reichenbach (proportionately)
  • Wangenheim (proportionately)
  • Westhausen (proportionately)
  • Wolfsbehringen (proportionately)
Wangenheim courts in Winterstein
Uechtritz court places in Wangenheim
Herda-Brandenburg courts

The inhabitants of the village Oesterbehringen of a good to great Behringen , of an item to Wolfsbehringen and of a good to Reichenbach were in debt and money matters to the Office of Eisenach in the duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach rejected.

Castles and Palaces
Desolation

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CDS IA 2 No. 94
  2. ↑ Wangenheim zu Friedrichswerth court office in the Thuringia archive portal
  3. ↑ Book: "Thuringia Architectural and Art Monuments", 1891
  4. ^ The Thal Justice Office in the Thuringia Archives

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