Erfurt State

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Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806) .svg
Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Erfurt area, Erfurt state
coat of arms
DEU Erfurt COA.svg
map
Erfurt State (around 1680)
Location in the Reichskreis
The Kurheinische Reichskreis at the beginning of the 16th century.
Form of rule Ore pen
Ruler / government Archbishop of Mainz
Today's region / s DE-TH


Reichskreis Kurheinischer Reichskreis
Capitals / residences Erfurt
Denomination / Religions Roman Catholic , from the middle of the 16th century: Evangelical Lutheran , only the kitchen villages remained Catholic
Language / n German
surface 900 km²
Residents 46,000 (around 1802/03)
Incorporated into 1802/03 Kingdom of Prussia , 1807 Principality of Erfurt , 1815 Kingdom of Prussia and Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach


The Erfurt area , also known as the Erfurt State after 1664 , was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire , which belonged to the Archdiocese of Mainz and which existed until 1802/03. During the 13th century, with the formation of the Erfurt City Council, a certain independence took place under the suzerainty of the Mainz bishops. In 1664 this ended violently. Until the end of the Erfurt state, the area was ruled by a Mainz governor.

Geographical location

The territory of the Erfurt area was in the center of the Thuringian Basin . In the south, the Erfurt city area is bordered by the wooded heights of the Steigerwald . The main river of the area was the Gera , in the western part of the Erfurt territory the Nesse rises . The northern exclaves were touched by the Unstrut and the Vippach . The Erfurt area included the exclaves of the offices of Großvargula, Sömmerda and Vippach (3 exclaves) in the north and the exclave of the Mühlberg office in the west. Most of the former Erfurt state now belongs to the independent city of Erfurt in the center of Thuringia . Some of the places are in the neighboring counties.

Location of the Erfurt offices in relation to the city of Erfurt

Kitchen village Witterda with Friedrichsdorf (to the Erfurt municipal office), Vargula office (exclave) Office Gispersleben Amt Sömmerda (exclave) and Amt Vippach (3 exclaves)
Office of Alach Neighboring communities Office Azmannsdorf (with Vieselbach )
Mühlberg Office (exclave) City office and kitchen villages Tonndorf office , Lehngut Isseroda and Hospitaldorf Hayn

Adjacent administrative units

central area

Since the Ernestine partition in 1640, the Erfurt area bordered the following territories:

Office of Vippach

The three exclaves of the Vippach office were in the north of the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar and in the east of the Großrudestedt office, which was part of the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach. Schloßvippach and Berlstedt were completely enclosed by its territory, Kleinbrembach also bordered in the north on the Electoral Saxon office of Eckartsberga .

Office Sömmerda

The Sömmerda office bordered in the north on the Electoral Saxon office Weißensee, in the northeast on the Electoral Saxon office Eckartsberga and in the southeast and south on the Sachsen-Eisenach office Großrudestedt. In the west, the exclaves of Werningshausen (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha, upper county of Gleichen) and Kranichborn (Electoral Saxon Office Weissensee) bordered.

Office of Vargula

The place Großvargula bordered in the north on the Electoral Saxon Office Langensalza and in the south on the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha (Dominion Tonna and Office Herbsleben)

Mühlberg Office

The Mühlberg office was completely in the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha and was bordered in the north by the Cobstädt exclave ( Reinhardsbrunn office ), in the east and south by the Wachsenburg office with Ichtershausen and in the west by the county of Gleichen.

history

Emergence

Erfurt at the intersection of various trade routes, including the Via Regia , was first mentioned in 742 by Mission Archbishop Bonifatius from Mainz as "Erphesfurt". At the same time the Erfurt diocese was founded , which was united with that of Mainz in 755 . Erfurt was a royal palace under the Carolingians and Ottonians . From around 1000 the archbishops of Mainz also appeared as secular lords in Erfurt.

Rest of the inner city ​​wall from the 11th century at the Brühler Garten

In 1066, the Archdiocese of Mainz had the built-up Erfurt city area secured with the inner ring of the Erfurt city fortifications in order to protect it from the Landgraves of Thuringia . Landgrave Ludwig II had the fortification razed in 1165, but by 1168 its reinforcing reconstruction was completed. When the area of ​​the city of Erfurt increased in the 13th century, some suburbs were included in the construction of the outer city fortifications . The archbishops had Erfurt administered by Vizedoms , whose office became hereditary for several generations in the Vitzthum family from the middle of the 13th century .

Development of the Erfurt citizenship and rise in importance of the city

In 1120 the "citizens of Erfurt" are mentioned for the first time. In 1212, in the course of the turmoil of the Staufer-Welf throne dispute, a first council was formed, which was still shaped by ministerials . A fundamental council reform created a powerful and independent civil parish in 1255, which gradually took over the powers of the archbishopric city lords and increasingly intervened as rulers in the region. This resulted in disputes between the Erfurt Council and the Archbishop of Mainz, which culminated in 1279 with the mistreatment and expulsion of archbishop officials on the one hand and the execution of the ban by the archbishop on the other.

With around 18,000 to 20,000 inhabitants, the city developed in the 14th and 15th centuries into a city in the rank of a medieval city. Erfurt thus reached the peak of its economic, political and spiritual-cultural development in the Middle Ages and became the center of trade in the Middle Holy Roman Empire. In 1331 Erfurt received the trade fair privilege from Emperor Ludwig IV.

From the end of the 13th century, the city of Erfurt acquired a large area of ​​land with around 900 square kilometers and over 80 villages and castles, some of which consisted of imperial fiefs (Kapellendorf, Sömmerda, Tonndorf, Mühlberg, Vippach, Großvargula, Vieselbach).

Erfurt from the Reformation to the Thirty Years War

At the time of the Reformation , the city turned to the evangelical creed. The council of Erfurt signed the Lutheran concord formula of 1577. This led to constant disputes with the Catholic sovereigns in Mainz. On April 21, 1618 there was a contract between the Archbishop of Mainz Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg and the city of Erfurt, which confirmed the religious freedom that had been granted earlier and expressly extended it to the Erfurt countryside. Regarding the legal position of the city, it was determined that it was owned by the Archbishopric of Mainz and that it waived any imperial estate .

The Petersberg Citadel was built in the 17th century

The city ​​was badly damaged in the Thirty Years War and was occupied by the Swedes from 1632 to 1635 and from 1637 to 1650 . During this time, Erfurt's city fortifications were again considerably expanded. For this purpose, the Swedish occupiers had some parish churches in Erfurt's old town torn down, and the stones could then be used to strengthen the walls. The citadel Cyriaksburg was created in 1480, the citadel Petersberg in 1665. Later various jumps were added, such as the Daberstedter Schanze (today Stadtpark ) or the Auenschanze in the Andreasvorstadt.

The time of the Electoral Mainz domination

Kurmainzische Lieutenancy , today Thuringian State Chancellery

As a result of the Peace of Westphalia negotiated in 1648 , the city was denied the hoped-for imperial freedom . The Elector of Mainz was again confirmed his territorial rights to Erfurt. Thereupon there were again years of disputes with the city, which continued to refuse to accept the negotiated result. 1664 was the main hiss Elector and Archbishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn , the fine imposed on Erfurt outlaw enforced and the city of Erfurt by French and Elector of Mainz Reichsexekution troops conquered what led to the violent restoration of kurmainzischen control of the city. The "Electoral Mainz State of Erfurt" was ruled together with the Eichsfeld until 1675 by a vice dome , then by a Mainz governor on behalf of the archbishops of Mainz. From 1699 the Erfurt governor, who was subordinate to the Mainz court councilor and the court chamber , had his seat in the Electoral Mainz Lieutenancy (today's State Chancellery). The governors were also diplomatic representatives of Kurmainz at the Saxon courts of Eisenach and Gotha .

At that time, the Erfurt area covered an area of ​​16 square miles with around 40,000 inhabitants. The 72 localities and the city of Sömmerda were administered in seven bailiwicks and 6 offices . This administrative division originated from the time before 1664. Count Boineburg's administrative reform of 1706 created eight offices, later nine. The heads of these offices were the officials . The climax and end point of the Electoral Mainz era was the term of office of governor Karl Theodor von Dalberg 1772–1802.

Transfer to Prussia, French Principality of Erfurt

In 1802, the state of Erfurt came to the Kingdom of Prussia in accordance with the Franco-Prussian Treaty as compensation for the ceded areas east of the banks of the Rhine , which ended the time of the Mainz governors in Erfurt. Thereupon Prussian troops under the generals von Voss and Wartensleben occupied the city of Erfurt. The Kurmainzische Lieutenancy served the Prussians as a government building in which the Prussian military governor sat and administered the exclave of Erfurt.

After the defeat of the Prussians in the battle of Jena and Auerstedt , the city capitulated on October 16, 1806. On October 17, the city was occupied by Napoleon's troops without a fight . In 1807 he declared Erfurt, together with the rule of Blankenhain as the Principality of Erfurt, to be an imperial domain that was not part of the Rhine Confederation , but was directly under the emperor. The Lieutenancy was still used as a government building and was now the seat of the imperial French governor of the province of Erfurt. In 1813 the village of Daberstedt was destroyed by Napoleonic troops and not rebuilt.

In 1814, after a successful siege by Prussian, Austrian and Russian troops, the French occupation ended. The Erfurt area was again assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815 due to the Congress of Vienna , which included a large part of the Erfurt land area in the northeast, east and south (i.e. the offices of Azmannsdorf, Vippach and Tonndorf, as well as the towns of Stotternheim and Schwerborn from the office of Gispersleben) ceded the Blankenhain area to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach .

Final incorporation into the Prussian state

Citizenship of today's Erfurt city area in 1918

In 1816 there were fundamental reforms in the Erfurt area. The University of Erfurt was closed. The Erfurt areas remaining with Prussia, i. H. the city of Erfurt, the city office of Erfurt and the offices of Gispersleben (excluding Stotternheim and Schwerborn), Alach, Sömmerda, Vargula and Mühlberg, were incorporated into the Erfurt administrative region of the newly founded Prussian province of Saxony . From January 1, 1816, the Lieutenancy in Erfurt served the Prussians as the seat of the Prussian government president, who had to administer the newly formed Erfurt administrative district. In the same year the new district of Erfurt was set up, whose district office was in the city. The city of Erfurt initially formed its own urban district , which was dissolved again in 1818 and incorporated into the district of Erfurt. The former Mühlberg office was an exclave of the district in the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg. In 1816, however, the Sömmerda office was attached to the Weißensee district and the Vargula office to the Langensalza district.

History of the offices belonging to Erfurt

City office with the kitchen master's office

The city office consisted of two offices: the kitchen master's office and the actual city office. The kitchen master's office comprised the five kitchen villages Witterda, Hochheim, Melchendorf, Daberstedt and Dittelstedt, which belonged to the ore monastery of Mainz. They were obliged to pay in kind for the supply of the electoral administration, the Mainzer Hof in Erfurt. These taxes were later replaced by cash payments. Some villages received privileges for this, for example the right to trade duty-free or an exemption from the brewing tax. The kitchen villages in Erfurt remained Catholic after the Reformation . The youngest place of the office is Friedrichsdorf near Witterda, which was only founded as a small colony in 1780 by order of the Mainz archbishop and sovereign. The village of Daberstedt was destroyed by the French occupation in Erfurt in 1813 and was not settled again until later.

The ten villages of the city office came into the possession of the city of Erfurt since the formation of the bailiwick. Büßleben, Niedernissa, Urbich and Windischholzhausen originally belonged to the county of Vieselbach. The other places were acquired from the property of noble lords. Kirchheim, Bechstedt-Wagd and Werningsleben originally belonged to the Counts of Henneberg , Egstedt to the Counts of Käfernburg, Möbisburg at times to the Counts of Gleichen and von Käfernburg . Willrode also belonged to the Counts of Gleichen and then to the Erfurt Neuwerk monastery. The municipal office came to Prussia in 1815 and from 1816 belonged to the district of Erfurt.

Office of Alach

The villages of the later Alach district came into the possession of the city of Erfurt at different times and from different owners (including various Erfurt monasteries, counts of Schwarzburg). They were all therefore advantageous. From 1104 Alach belonged to the property of the Peterskloster in Erfurt. Alach and Erfurt had had close ties since the 14th century, as the place belonged to the land of the city council. As early as 1284, Kleinrettbach was subordinated to the Martinikloster Erfurt and subsequently to the city of Erfurt. In the 14th century Tröchtelborn (1351), Bindersleben (one half in 1351, the other half in the 16th century), Zimmer supra (from 1358 gradually up to 1600), Tiefthal (1361), Ermstedt (1366) came into possession of Erfurt. In the 15th century, Schmira (lent to Erfurt since 1485, town since 1665), Schaderode (1497), Salomonsborn and Frienstedt followed. In the following century Gottstedt (1500) and Marbach (1523 and 1535) were finally added to the area of ​​the city of Erfurt.

At the end of the 15th century, the “Erfurt village” of Nottleben became the seat of a large bailiwick of the Erfurt area, to which 20 other villages belonged.

The Amt Alach, which was founded in 1706 and consisted of 14 villages in the west of Erfurt, was joined in 1777 by the Amt Mühlberg, which was an exclave in the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg. In 1815 the unified office came to Prussia and in 1816 to its newly founded district of Erfurt.

Office Gispersleben

The villages of the later Gispersleben district came into the possession of the city of Erfurt at different times and from different owners (including the Counts of Gleichen and the Neuwerkkloster Erfurt). They were all therefore advantageous. In 1286, Stotternheim was the first place that came into the possession of Erfurt. Walschleben and Elxleben came to Erfurt in 1370, Schwerborn in the 15th century. In the 16th century Kühnhausen followed (1516), Gispersleben Viti and Kiliani were subordinated to the city of Erfurt in 1593. At the end of the 15th century, a Vogtei Walschleben with 16 villages was mentioned.

The Amt Gispersleben, founded in 1706, comprised ten villages in the north of the Erfurt area. It came to Prussia in 1815 and from 1816 belonged to the district of Erfurt. Only Stotternheim and Schwerborn were ceded to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1815. Schwerborn was now attached to the office Vieselbach and Stotternheim to the office Großrudestedt . During the administrative reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850, both places became part of the administrative district of Weimar .

Office of Azmannsdorf

The starting point of the later Azmannsdorf office was the county of Vieselbach east of Erfurt, to which 2/3 of the later offices belonged. In the high Middle Ages, the county of Vieselbach was owned by the Counts of Gleichen as a Thuringian-Saxon fiefdom . In 1343 the city council of Erfurt bought the entire county of Vieselbach from them and added them to his extensive property. With that she became part of Kurmainz . In the 15th century a Bailiwick of Kerspleben with 18 villages was mentioned.

The place Azmannsdorf was 1706 seat of an official administration. This office comprised 15 vogteiliche villages in the east of the Erfurt area, of which the ten places Vieselbach, Kerspleben, Hochstedt, Hopfgarten, Kleinmölsen, Linderbach, Mönchenholzhausen, Töttleben, Ulla and Utzberg belonged to the former county of Vieselbach. Then there were Azmannsdorf (originally Mainz- Archbishop's fiefdom), Zimmer infra (gift from the Counts of Orlamünde ), Udestedt (purchase from the Knights of Udestedt), Ollendorf (purchase from the Lords of Utzberg) and half of Ottstedt am Berge.

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach took office. The official seat was then transferred to the neighboring town of Vieselbach, whose name the office now bore. It was expanded to include the former Erfurt towns of Bechstedtstrasse, Isseroda, Schwerborn and Sohnstedt and the two Weimar towns of Großmölsen and Wallichen. During the administrative reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850, the Vieselbach office came to the Weimar administrative district.

Tonndorf Office

The "Herrschaft Tonndorf" can be documented from 1248 as a fiefdom of the Diocese of Mainz to the Counts of Weimar-Orlamünde . After the Thuringian Count War , it came to the city of Erfurt as a Mainz fief in 1346/57. In addition to the town of Tonndorf with Tonndorf Castle, the Tonndorf rule included the towns of Tiefengruben, Meckfeld, Gutendorf and the Mainz parts of Hohenfelden and Klettbach. Around 1500 the city of Erfurt expanded Tonndorf Castle considerably.

In 1590 the sovereign rights to Tonndorf Castle were ceded to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar as a result of disputes . A year later, Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Saxe-Weimar forcibly took possession of the Tonndorf archbishopric. After a long legal dispute, the Archbishop of Mainz moved in Tonndorf in 1592 together with other surrounding villages as a resale Mainz fief and ceded the Electoral Mainz feudal rights to the offices of Tonndorf and Mühlberg to the Duke of Saxe-Weimar. When the property was divided in 1635 between the duchies of Saxony-Weimar and Saxony-Altenburg , which was created in 1603 , the Tonndorf office came to Saxony-Weimar. Due to the division of Ernestine , the Tonndorf office came to Saxe-Gotha in 1640 and Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg in 1672 . It was not until 1680 that the castle and the Tonndorf archbishopric came back to Kurmainz by contract and thus to the newly founded Erfurt state. In 1690 Tonndorf was designated as the seat of the "Bailiwick of the Mainz ore monastery of Erfurt". This authority administered the income from Tonndorf, Meckfeld, Klettbach, Tiefengruben, Gutendorf and Hohenfelden.

In the course of the administrative reform of the Electoral Mainz State of Erfurt, the expanded "Tonndorf Office" was founded in 1706 in the southwest of the Erfurt area. It consisted of twelve places, of which the six more northerly were obeying and the six more southerly were arch-penal. The six archaeological places were the places under the rule of the Archbishop of Tonndorf (Tonndorf with Tonndorf Castle, Tiefengruben, Meckfeld, Gutendorf and the Mainz parts of Hohenfelden and Klettbach). The towns of Bechstedtstrasse, Nohra, Obernissa, Rohda and Sohnstedt to the north of it came as part of the County of Vieselbach in 1343 into the possession of the city of Erfurt, Schellroda followed in 1379 from the possession of the Counts of Kevernburg.

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Tonndorf office was ceded to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach and dissolved. The majority came to the Weimar office of Berka . Only Bechstedtstrasse and Sohnstedt were incorporated into the newly established Vieselbach office. In 1850, both offices and their locations became part of the Weimar administrative district of the Grand Duchy.

Mühlberg Office

The Mühlburg came into the possession of the Counts of Weimar-Orlamünde around the year 1000 . After their extinction, the castle and the neighboring castle Gleichen came into the possession of the Archdiocese of Mainz, which the noble family of Meinharde enfeoffed with the Mühlburg. After their extinction in 1242, Mainz withdrew the settled fiefdom .

After an unsuccessful attack, the city of Erfurt bought the Mühlburg from the Archbishop of Mainz in 1357, and in 1362 the council also acquired the Schwarzburg and Henneberg shares. The castle was then expanded into a solid bulwark and served to secure the Erfurt trade routes ( Kupferstrasse ) until 1592, when the Mühlberg office and the Tonndorf archbishopric were transferred to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar . In 1635, when the property was divided between the duchies of Saxony-Weimar and Saxony-Altenburg , which was established in 1603 , the Mühlberg office came to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg, which pledged its share to the Counts of Schwarzburg . With the release of the Pfandschilling, the Mühlberg office, which in addition to the now heavily dilapidated Mühlburg consisted of Mühlberg and Röhrensee and the Ringhofen estate, again came into the possession of the Archdiocese of Mainz. It now belonged to the state of Erfurt as an exclave in the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg . In 1777 it was merged with the Alach Office.

Through the Congress of Vienna, the former Mühlberg office came to Prussia in 1815 and was annexed to the Erfurt district as an exclave with the neighboring rule of Gleichen (Burg Gleichen and Wandersleben).

Office of Vargula

Großvargula was originally the seat of the Vargula taverns . After their extinction, their successors sold the place in 1323 to the Fulda monastery and in 1340 to the Teutonic Knight Order . In 1385 Großvargula was sold to the city of Erfurt, which in 1403 appointed a bailiff for the now exclave. As a result of the Congress of Vienna, the former Amt of Vargula, consisting of the place Großvargula, came to Prussia in 1815 and was incorporated into the Langensalza district.

Office Sömmerda

Sömmerda, formerly also known as Groß-Sömmerda or Großensommern, belonged to the Fulda Monastery since 919 . In 1342 the place came into the possession of the Grafschaft Schwarzburg , which sold it in 1418 to the city of Erfurt, to whose possession it now belonged as an exclave with Schallenburg. Rohrborn originally belonged to the Erfurt Augustinian monastery and in 1466 was affiliated to the Erfurt Office of Sömmerda. In 1765 the Sömmerda office was merged with the Vippach office. As a result of the Congress of Vienna, the former Sömmerda office came to Prussia in 1815 and was incorporated into the Weißensee district, while the former Vippach office was ceded to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach.

Office of Vippach

The Lords of Vippach were first mentioned in the 11th century. Due to financial difficulties, Otto von Vippach sold the Erfurt council in 1387 the "Herrschaft Vippach" with Vippach Castle and a third of the village of Vippach. This also included the corridors of the following later devastation: a third of the villages and courts in Ranstedt and Obermarpach and the entire village and court in Niedermarpach. Since the transition to the city of Erfurt, Vippach Castle has been the defense barrier of the Erfurt area against the northeast for over 400 years. In 1483 the Vippach office was formed with an official in charge of the castle. In addition to the rule of Vippach with castle and town of Schloßvippach, the two exclaves Berlstedt (lent to Erfurt since 1391) and Kleinbrembach (part of the property of the city of Erfurt since 1386) belonged to it. The three official places were spatially separated from each other as well as to the Erfurt area by the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar. In 1765 the Sömmerda office was merged with the Vippach office.

As a result of the Congress of Vienna, the three exclaves of the Vippach office came to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1815, while the former Sömmerda office came back to Prussia. The places Schloßvippach and Kleinbrembach (Erfurtian part) were subordinated to the Weimar Office Großrudestedt . Berlstedt was surrounded by the Weimar office and merged with it. In 1850 they came to the Weimar administrative district of the Grand Duchy.

Lehngut Isseroda

The castle in Isseroda became the property of the city of Erfurt in 1397. The Lauenburg manor was later built in its place. The "Lehngut Isseroda" was not affiliated with any office. With the Congress of Vienna in 1815, like the neighboring Tonndorf office, it became part of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach and was incorporated into the newly created Vieselbach office. In 1850 the place came to the administrative district of Weimar of the Grand Duchy.

Hospital Court Hayn

Hayn was already in the sphere of influence and jurisdiction of the city of Erfurt in the Middle Ages. There was a manor in the village , which was sold to a hospital in Erfurt in 1485. The place has since been referred to as "Hospitaldorf Hayn", which was not subject to any office. With the Congress of Vienna in 1815, like the neighboring Tonndorf office, it became part of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach and was incorporated into the Weimar office of Berka. In 1850 the place came to the administrative district of Weimar of the Grand Duchy.

Inner development

politics

The Erfurt area was originally divided into three bailiwicks. These were the Vogtei Nottleben with 20 villages, the Vogtei Walschleben with 16 villages and the Vogtei Kerspleben with 18 villages. Then there were Sömmerda, Schloss Vippach, Tonndorf, Mühlberg and Vargula. In 1706 these were dissolved and divided into nine offices.

After the restoration of the Electoral Mainz supremacy, the Erfurt state government consisted of the Electoral Mainz governor and seven councilors. The chamber was formed by the governor and two councilors.

economy

Since the 13th century, Erfurt has developed into one of the largest woad markets in the empire . The woad plant was grown in around 300 villages in Thuringia, the leaves of which were used to obtain a coveted and profitable blue dye and which was closely linked to the city's economic boom. In 1331 Erfurt received the trade fair privilege from Emperor Ludwig IV.

Between 1304 and 1481 Erfurt belonged to the Thuringian Tri- City League , which aimed to preserve their independence from Erfurt and the free imperial cities of Nordhausen and Mühlhausen from the Wettin lands (Saxony), but also from the Archbishop of Mainz. Economic interests were also represented jointly. All three cities were also members of the Hanseatic League .

education

The Collegium Maius , former seat of the university founded in 1392

As early as the 13th century, Erfurt had grown into an educational center of far-reaching importance. No other city in Germany had more students in the second half of the 13th century. This time was shaped by the work of Meister Eckhart , who had studied here from 1277 and was prior of the Erfurt Dominican monastery and vicar of his order for Thuringia from 1292 . In the first half of the 14th century, the Erfurt studium generale developed into the most important educational institution in the Roman-German Empire . The latest research showed that the university had already been founded in 1379 with its founding privilege as the first and oldest university on German soil. The previous dating to 1392 was due to the fact that official teaching began at this time. When founding the university, it should be noted that this was a non-princely, but rather bourgeois, university founded by the city council. One of the most famous graduates of the University of Erfurt was Martin Luther , who studied here from 1501 to 1505 and received his master's degree from the philosophical faculty .

structure

city
Offices (since 1706) and associated places
Office Associated places
City Office (archdiocese kitchen villages ) Daberstedt , Dittelstedt , Hochheim , Melchendorf , Witterda with Friedrichsdorf
City Office (Vogteiliche Villages) Bechstedt-Wagd , Büßleben , Egstedt , Kirchheim , Möbisburg , Niedernissa , Urbich , Waltersleben , Werningsleben , Willrode Castle (Gut), Windischholzhausen
Alach Alach , Bindersleben , Ermstedt , Frienstedt , Gottstedt , Kleinrettbach , Marbach , Nottleben , Salomonsborn , Schaderode (Hofgut), Schmira , Tiefthal , Tröchtelborn , Zimmer supra (rooms on the mountain)
Gispersleben Gispersleben (Viti and Kiliani), Andisleben , Dachwig , Ilversgehofen , Kühnhausen , Elxleben , Schwerborn , Stotternheim , Walschleben
Azmannsdorf Azmannsdorf , Hochstedt , Hopfgarten , Kerspleben , Kleinmölsen , Linderbach , Mönchenholzhausen , rooms infra (rooms in the Thale), Ollendorf , Ottstedt am Berge (Erfurt part), Töttleben , Udestedt , Ulla , Utzberg , Vieselbach
Tonndorf (archaeological villages) Castle and spots Tonndorf , Gutendorf , Hohenfelden (Erfurt part), Klettbach (Mainz part), Meckfeld , Tiefengruben
Tonndorf (Vogteiliche Villages) Bechstedtstrasse , Nohra , Obernissa , Rohda , Schellroda , Sohnstedt
Mühlberg (exclave) Mühlberg Castle , Mühlberg , Röhrensee , Ringhofen (Gut)
Vargula (exclave) Large vargula
Sömmerda (exclave) City of Sömmerda and the villages of Schallenburg and Rohrborn
Vippach (exclave in three scattered districts) Vippach Castle with Vippach Castle , Berlstedt , Kleinbrembach (Erfurt part)
Places without official affiliation Lehngut Isseroda , Hospitaldorf Hayn
Desolation and destroyed places
  • Neudorf, Molsdorf, Oberberesdorf, Niederberesdorf (places of origin of Sömmerda)
  • Breitenfort, Ranstedt, Hohenburg, Obermarpach, Niedermarpach (in the Vippach exclave)
  • Wenigen-Schallenburg (near Schallenburg in the Sömmerda exclave)
  • Hohenstedt (near Ilvergeshofen)
  • Barkhausen Monastery (near Udestedt)
  • Hetzelborn (near Klettbach)
  • Witteroda (near Hohenfelden)
  • Weilrode and Wilderode (near Schellroda)
  • Rodt (location of Schaderode)
  • Orfal / Orphan (former Mainzisches Allodialgut in Erfurt)
  • Oberkirchhof
  • Stadil and Getorn (for rooms infra)
  • Mannzimmer, Rangsdorf, Gebelsborn (near Ollendorf)
  • Rasdorf (location of Friedrichsdorf)
  • The poor jacket
  • Dienstburg (former castle)
  • Schilderode (at the foot of the Petersberg)
  • Schmidtstedt
  • Burghausen, Rustberg, Hornburg, Mervisburg (near Erfurt, destroyed in 1160)
  • Hohenzüge , Neuses, Münstergehofen, Wittenroda, Hesseborn, Sulza (in Erfurt town hall)

literature

  • Gerhard Köbler : Erfurt (imperial city). In: Gerhard Köbler: Historical Lexicon of the German Lands. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 , pp. 171-172.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See BSLK , p. 766; see. P. 17.
  2. ↑ a b Description of the Erfurt area, p. 15f.
  3. ↑ Reinhard Jonschner, Willy Schilling: Small Thuringian history . Jenzig-Verlag, Jena 2005, ISBN 3-910141-74-9 , p. 82.
  4. ↑ Description of the Erfurt area, p. 15
  5. ↑ Description of the Erfurt area, part 2, p. 37
  6. ↑ a b Description of the Erfurt area, Part 2, p. 39
  7. ^ Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg at Wikisource
  8. ^ History of the community of Tonndorf
  9. ^ History of Tonndorf Castle ( Memento from September 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ Description of the Erfurt area, Part 2, p. 53
  11. ↑ Local history on the homepage of Großvargula
  12. ↑ Historical descriptions of the Erfurt area, Herrschaft Vippach, p. 72f.
  13. ↑ L. Richter, C. Lindner: Materials for the 700th anniversary of Mönchenholzhausen . 1996.
  14. ↑ Political administration of the Erfurt area and the city council, from p. 75
  15. ^ Robert Gramsch: Erfurt - The oldest university in Germany. From General Studies to University ( Writings of the Association for the History and Archeology of Erfurt, Vol. 9), Erfurt 2012, pp. 75–92

See also

Web links

Commons : Erfurter Staat  - collection of images, videos and audio files