Ilversgehofen

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Ilversgehofen
City of Erfurt
Coordinates: 50 ° 59 ′ 54 ″  N , 11 ° 1 ′ 31 ″  E
Height : 190 m above sea level NN
Area : 2.74 km²
Residents : 12,051  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 4,398 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1911
Postcodes : 99086, 99089
Area code : 0361
map
Location of Ilversgehofens in the urban area of ​​Erfurt
The district in Ilversgehofen

Ilversgehofen is a district of the Thuringian capital Erfurt , north of the center with 12,000 inhabitants on an area of ​​2.74 km².

The district is located on Magdeburger Allee in the Gera floodplain between the Wilhelminian suburbs of Erfurt in the south and the prefabricated building areas of Erfurt-Nord in the north. The village was industrialized from the late 19th century and developed into a workers' place with around 13,000 inhabitants when it was incorporated into Erfurt in 1911. Since the late 20th century, Ilversgehofen has been in a state of upheaval due to the loss of industrial jobs and is characterized by major structural change .

geography

Ilversgehofen is located in the northern part of the built-up area of ​​Erfurt. Neighboring districts are the Andreasvorstadt in the west, the Johannesvorstadt in the south, the Johannesplatz in the southeast, Hohenwinde in the east and north and the Rieth in the northwest.

Ilversgehofen's terrain is flat throughout and lies between 180 meters in the north and 190 meters in the south. The center of the village is on the Salpeterberg, a barely noticeable hill, which, however, offers a little more protection from flooding than the surrounding areas and was therefore suitable for building a settlement. Ilversgehofen is located on the narrow Gera , a tributary of the Gera . It itself forms the western border of Ilversgehofens, while in the south the Papiermühlenweg, in the east the Sangerhäuser Bahn and in the north the street An der Lache delimit the town hall. In the past, parts of today's Rieths and Johannesplatz also belonged to the Ilvergehofener Flur, but today they form separate districts. Ilversgehofen is roughly divided into residential areas in the south and industrial areas in the north.

history

Ilversgehofen was first mentioned in a document in 1145. At first it belonged to the Counts of Gleichen , but it was a so-called kitchen village and had to pay taxes to the Archdiocese of Mainz ( City of Erfurt ). In 1554 there was a plague of locusts on the Ilversgehofener corridor , which led to a famine. In the Thirty Years' War the place was destroyed in 1637, only six residents survived. During the Seven Years' War in 1757 the village became the headquarters of the Prussian troops in the region led by Frederick the Great . In 1802 the place came with the Erfurt area to Prussia and between 1807 and 1813 to the French Principality of Erfurt . In 1813 there was again heavy fighting between the French and Prussians near the village during the Wars of Liberation . On the night of November 5, 1813, French troops stationed in Erfurt looted the place in front of the Erfurt fortress and burned it down in part to have a clear field of fire against the besieging Prussian and Russian soldiers. Unlike Daberstedt , however, Ilversgehofen was rebuilt afterwards. With the Congress of Vienna the place came back to Prussia in 1815 and in 1816 it was affiliated to the Erfurt district in the Prussian province of Saxony .

Industrialization began slowly around 1850 and the village changed from an arable village to an important industrial center in Erfurt. The Born company was founded there in 1820 and still produces mustard today, which is sold throughout Thuringia. Rock salt mining began in the Johannesflur near Ilversgehofen in 1862. In 1870/71 there was a camp for French prisoners of war in Ilversgehofen during the Franco-German War .

Erfurt and Ilversgehofen have "grown" together since around 1880. In 1883 the place received a connection to the Erfurt horse tram , after it was connected to the Erfurt – Nordhausen , Erfurt – Bad Langensalza (since 1897) and Erfurt – Nottleben railway lines in 1869 with today's Erfurt-Nord station of the Thuringian Railway Company (1926-1994) had received. In 1894 the horse tram was converted into an electrically operated tram.

The incorporation of Ilversgehofens into Erfurt took place on April 1, 1911. This makes it the first place that was incorporated into Erfurt. Before the incorporation, it was Erfurt's largest suburb. At that time, the social problems in Ilversgehofen were also greatest, as it was considered a poor working-class district. The derisive name Blechbüchsenviertel for Ilversgehofen and other working-class quarters in the north of Erfurt comes from this time .

During the First World War , up to 17,000 prisoners of war were in Ilversgehofen, among other things in a tent city. As in previous wars, today's Johannesplatz served as the location of the camp. The name of the camp road in the southeast of Ilversgehofens reminds of this today .

quarter

Quarter
(not official) 		Block groups
(official) 		Area (km²) Population (2000) Population (2007) Population (2015) Population density
Industrial area Ilversgehofen / residential areas Grubenstraße, Jacobsenviertel and Steinhügel
(Ilversgehofen north of the Roststraße - Nordhäuser Bahn line) 		2411 + 2412 + 2413 + 2414 1.53 1,025 1,112 1,799 1,176
Tiergarten
(Riethstraße - Wermutmühlenweg - Gera) 		2421 + 2424 + 2425 0.41 3,890 3,707 3,515 8,573
Neu-Ilversgehofen
(Gera - Roststraße - Nordhäuser Bahn - Friedrich-Engels-Straße - Ammertalweg - Magdeburger Allee - Braunstraße - Hans-Sailer-Straße) 		2422 + 2423 + 2427 0.40 2,666 2,759 3,081 7,703
Alt-Ilversgehofen
(Wermutmühlenweg - Wendenstraße - Magdeburger Allee - Braunstraße - Tiergartenstraße) 		2426 0.18 1,018 1,348 1,565 8,694
Ilversgehofen-Süd
(Wendenstrasse - Magdeburger Allee - Papiermühlenweg - Nettelbeckufer) 		2428 0.23 1,315 1,555 1,744 7,583
In the Jacobsenviertel from 1925 in the north of Ilversgehofens
At Ilversgehofener Platz, the center of the quarter
The Martinikirche is the former village church of Ilversgehofens
The Hans-Sailer-Straße in the south of Ilversgehofens with the typical development of old tenement houses

Industrial area and northern residential areas

The industrial area Ilversgehofen was for a long time one of the most important commercial locations in Erfurt and is still used today by many manufacturing companies. The largest resident company was the mechanical engineering factory founded by Henry Pels in 1902 , from which the Combine Forming Technology emerged. After reunification, the plant belonged to Müller Weingarten AG, which was merged with Schuler AG in 2011 (which is now part of the Austrian Andritz Group). In addition, a Siemens plant for generator production and the Erfurt Malzwerke are located in the industrial area. However, there is also a large proportion of fallow land there.

There are only a few residential areas in this part of Ilversgehofen. The oldest houses date from around 1900 and are located immediately north of the train station on Magdeburger Allee . The remaining residential areas were built by private companies in the 1920s and 1930s in the style of New Building . The Jacobsenviertel , which was built between 1925 and 1927 according to plans by Otto Jacobsen and was given up by the municipal housing association after reunification and was to be demolished, was restored in an exemplary manner in 2007 . However, after it was bought by a private investor, it was retained as an example of residential construction in the 1920s. Similar quarters are also located on Salinenstrasse, Grubenstrasse and further north on Steinhügel. In these, however, the vacancy rate is high and the renovation status worse, even if the demolition is not currently an issue. Difficulties in marketing the apartments are, in addition to the peripheral location in the city in the industrial area, the poor image of the area and actual social problems. For example, the NPD received in the state election in Thuringia 2009 with a turnout of only 30.7% in this Voting district 10.7% of the second votes and was thus far above the Erfurt average of 3.3%.

In the quarter is the Sportforum Grubenstraße, the home stadium of the soccer club FC Erfurt Nord .

Zoo

The zoo is located west of the old village center in the area between the Gera in the west and the Schmalen Gera in the east. Two types of development dominate here. On the one hand, there are small terraced houses that were built during the economic crises between the First and Second World Wars and, with their large gardens, were intended to provide self-sufficiency for their unemployed residents. After the Second World War, old new buildings were built until the entire area of ​​the district was built on. Today, in contrast to the rest of the Ilversgehofen, the zoo is more of a petty bourgeois district with low vacancy rates.

Neu-Ilversgehofen

This quarter is a planned new town east of the old village center, which was built around 1900. Large tenement houses dominate, like those in other working-class areas of Erfurt from the Wilhelmine era. Magdeburger Allee was laid out as the main street and a new center for the place was created at today's Ilversgehofener Platz, where, for example, a cinema was located. Between these buildings there are also small miners' houses on the already existing Salinenstrasse, in which the workers of the salt mines in the east of Ilversgehofen lived. Today this district, like the neighborhoods adjacent to the north, has to struggle with social problems. That is why the vacancy rate here is the highest in the city and the renovation measures on the old buildings are progressing more slowly than in other parts of the city. The most dramatic picture is provided by Metallstraße, in which almost all the houses are empty and changing brothels are housed. This contrasts with the successes on Magdeburger Allee, where urban development measures have succeeded in maintaining and promoting a busy shopping street.

The Erfurt Nord train station, which was formerly called Ilversgehofen and has been connecting the district to the railway network since 1869, is located on Magdeburger Allee.

Alt-Ilversgehofen

This quarter is the former village center of Ilversgehofens. It is located between Schmalen Gera in the west and Magdeburger Allee in the east around the Martinikirche , the former village church. The development is very mixed and in places still characterized by village buildings with residential and commercial use, while there are also urban apartment buildings from the Wilhelmine era. In between there are green spaces, some of which were created after factories were demolished.

Ilversgehofen-South

The southern part of Ilversgehofens is a typical workers' quarter with tenement houses, which are, however, somewhat smaller than those in the neighboring quarters. Thanks to its convenient location closer to the city center, the Nordpark and the University of Erfurt , the district has been able to attract new residents since 2000 and vacancies have decreased. In the past, the typical mix of residential buildings on the street and commercial operations in the inner courtyards of the city blocks dominated. The Lessing School from 1915 and the zoo park's aquarium are located on the Nettelbeckufer .

Population development

While Ilversgehofen remained only a small village over the centuries, the number of inhabitants rose rapidly from the middle of the 19th century and the village developed into the largest suburban community in Erfurt.

  • 1816 - .000.144 inhabitants
  • 1843 - .000.362 inhabitants
  • 1864 - .000.719 inhabitants
  • 1875 - .002,431 inhabitants
  • 1895 - .006,279 inhabitants
  • 1910 - .012,593 inhabitants

The population of Ilversgehofen only decreased slightly after reunification, as some houses were no longer inhabited here. The reason for this was the poor living situation without a bathroom and with stove heating, to which the more central location and the poor structural fabric of the houses compared to other old parts of the city was added. The redevelopment measures in the district began after reunification and have now reached a high degree of area coverage on Magdeburger Allee as the main street, while there are still many unrenovated and partially empty residential buildings, especially in its eastern side streets. The formerly cramped and later characterized by an increased vacancy rate illustrates a comparison of the population figures since 1910: At that time only the districts Alt-, Neu- and Ilversgehofen-Süd were mainly inhabited, while the zoo and the northern residential areas came into being later. The three old quarters had over 12,000 inhabitants before the First World War, compared with only 4,999 in 2000, a decrease of 60%. By 2011, the population of these quarters rose to 5,848 people.

A building census in 2006 showed that there are 1,364 buildings in Ilversgehofen with 7,025 apartments, of which 1,588 or 23% were vacant. 90 houses with 684 apartments were completely empty. By 2011, the number of apartments had fallen to 6,997, the number of buildings also fell to 1,356, while the vacancy rate fell to 1,059 apartments (15.1%). The number of complete vacancies even fell by around 40% in the five years and is now 56 buildings with 461 apartments. This means that the district remains at the bottom in Erfurt, although the situation has improved.

Due to large apartments and low rents, Ilversgehofen has become more attractive for young people in recent years, which is why there has been increased influx. There are also students among them, as the distance to the university is not too far. At around 110 births and 130 deaths per year, the birth balance is not completely balanced, but the population has recently increased due to positive net migration. The proportion of foreigners in 2009 was 4.1% and thus slightly above the Erfurt average of 3.3%.

Data from the city administration of Erfurt as of December 31st.

year population Development
(1990 = 100%) 		Development in Erfurt
(1990 = 100%)
1990 11,124 100.0 100.0
1995 10,707 96.3 93.4
1996 10,522 94.6 91.9
1997 10,298 92.6 90.6
1998 10,087 90.7 89.3
1999 9,855 88.6 88.0
2000 9,914 89.1 87.6
2001 10,066 90.5 87.4
2002 9,928 89.2 87.2
2003 10,048 90.3 88.0
2004 10,251 92.2 88.4
2005 10,363 93.2 88.5
2006 10,221 91.9 88.4
2007 10,481 94.2 88.5
2008 10,654 95.8 88.5
2009 10,739 96.5 88.8
2010 10,823 97.3 89.2
2011 10,976 98.7 89.8
2012 11.202 100.7 90.4
2013 11,384 102.3 91.1
2014 11,525 103.6 91.7
2015 11,704 105.2 93.3
2016 12,051 108.3 93.9

Economy and Transport

Kombinat Umformtechnik in the north of Ilversgehofener (1971)
The Erfurt Nord train station in Ilversgehofen

For a long time, Ilversgehofen was the main industrial area of ​​Erfurt. Large, flat areas close to the city with a railway connection were available here. This spurred Ilversgehofen's economic development from 1860 onwards. As a result, the place developed into a working-class district, the structure of which it has retained to this day. That is why Ilversgehofen suffers particularly from the structural change that began in 1990 from an industrial to a service society. The Erfurt industry released workers in Ilversgehofen, but new service jobs were mainly created in other parts of the city. Nevertheless, Ilversgehofen is still one of the industrial focal points of Erfurt today. Jobs outside of industry are mainly in retail and craft, while there are hardly any larger service companies.

Ilversgehofen is connected to the public transport network by lines 1 and 5 of the Erfurt tram and via the Erfurt Nord train station with train connections in the direction of Erfurt Hbf, Kassel and Nordhausen.

Magdeburger Allee , Mittelhäuser Strasse and Salinenstrasse are the main roads for private transport.

elections

Since Ilversgehofen forms a district, but not a district according to § 45 of the Thuringian municipal code, there are no political bodies such as district council or district mayor.

Ilversgehofen is part of the Erfurt II state electoral district , for which Susanne Hennig (Die Linke) sits in the fifth Thuringian state parliament. She received 34.3% of the vote here. Ilversgehofen was traditionally a working-class district, today it is mainly members of the middle class, pensioners and socially disadvantaged people who can be found here, while the wealthy upper classes are clearly underrepresented. This is also reflected in the district's election results, which are not only characterized by a low voter turnout, but also by a strengthening of the Left Party and, in contrast, poor results from the CDU, FDP and Greens. The results of the SPD, however, are in the Erfurt average.

Political party City Council 2009 State Parliament 2009 Bundestag 2013 Europe 2009
voter turnout 32.5 40.2 48.5 32.6
CDU 20.7 23.4 30.9 21.4
The left 22.0 33.6 26.8 27.7
SPD 36.2 19.4 18.3 22.2
Green 5.7 7.3 5.6 6.9
FDP 3.9 6.0 2.0 5.4

Personalities

  • Karl Bräuning (born January 5, 1886 in Ilversgehofen; † September 14, 1962 in Darmstadt), metal lathe operator, trade unionist, party activist (Spartakusbund / USPD / KPD / KPO), Spain fighter and emigrant (France, USA)
  • Karl Hähnel (born October 11, 1892 in Ilversgehofen; † May 14, 1966 in Königstein (Upper Palatinate), Bavaria), track and field athlete and Olympic participant
  • Wilhelm Knoblauch (born January 23, 1874 in Ilversgehofen, † November 24, 1939 in Wolfratshausen), member of the Hessian state parliament
  • Kurt Weiland (born July 15, 1910 in Ilversgehofen, † September 1944 in Brandenburg-Görden), resistance fighter against National Socialism

Web links

Commons : Ilversgehofen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Steffen Raßloff : The monument to the incorporation of Ilversgehofens 1911. In: Thüringer Allgemeine . February 25, 2012.
  2. ↑ block group map ( Memento of 17 June 2012 at the Internet Archive ). (PDF; 3.5 MB) In: erfurt.de, accessed on November 18, 2017.
  3. ↑ Satellite measurement with Google Earth, there may be slight deviations (<3%).
  4. ↑ 2000 population statistics ( Memento from June 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). (PDF; 1.3 MB) p. 49. In: erfurt.de, accessed on November 18, 2017.
  5. ↑ 2007 population statistics ( Memento from June 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). (PDF; 937 kB) p. 54. In: erfurt.de, accessed on November 18, 2017.
  6. ↑ Population statistics 2015 (PDF; 3.2 MB) p. 56 ff. In: erfurt.de, accessed on November 18, 2017.
  7. ↑ Elections. (No longer available online.) In: erfurt.de. Formerly in the original ; accessed on April 20, 2018 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.erfurt.de
  8. ↑ Buildings and housing stock - 2006 update ( Memento from June 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). (PDF; 1 MB) In: erfurt.de, accessed on November 18, 2017.
  9. ↑ Housing stock 2011. (PDF; 672 kB) In: erfurt.de, accessed on November 18, 2017.
  10. ^ Election portal of the city of Erfurt. In: erfurt.de, accessed on June 13, 2020.