Gispersleben

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Gispersleben
State capital Erfurt
Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 2 ″  N , 10 ° 59 ′ 29 ″  E
Height : 171–190 m above sea level NN
Area : 10.14 km²
Residents : 4107  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 405 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 99091
Area code : 0361
map
Location of Gispersleben in Erfurt
Kilianikirche ( Location → )
Vitikirche ( Location → )
Antoniuskirche ( Location → )

Gispersleben is a district of Erfurt , the state capital of Thuringia .

location

Gispersleben is divided into the villages of Viti and Kiliani, which are separated by the Gera River and each has its own historical center. In addition, the district is located on the former northern outskirts of Erfurt in the Gera valley. To the west, the federal highway 4 touches the district, to the east the Wolkramshausen – Erfurt railway line runs and to the north the federal highway 71 with the Erfurt-Gispersleben junction passes by. The undeveloped with buildings and roads district has for the special growing crops very suitable soils. Gispersleben is on the Gera cycle path , which also leads through Kiliani Park and the district of Viti.

prehistory

Gispersleben was also a settlement of the Bernburg culture . During excavations at the Kleiner Roten Berg in early summer 2002, the oldest Thuringian village was discovered. For almost two years, the State Office has been investigating the area between the Little Red Mountain and the threshold castle at various locations over an area of ​​over six hectares. The trigger for the excavations was the construction of the federal highway 71. The route of the highway 71 leads exactly over the small red mountain. An extensive cross with Bundesstraße 4 was created here.

In 2001, parts of a cemetery from the time of the Thuringian Kingdom were examined on the Kleiner Roten Berg . A settlement with houses of the Bernburg culture from around 3000 BC. BC brought the remains of two pottery kilns .

Soil monument conservationists observed discoloration of the soil from the Neolithic Age in the walls of a pipeline trench and found shards that were more than 6000 years old. The humus was removed in a strip 250 meters long and 20 meters wide. Over 20 houses from the second half of the 6th and the first half of the 5th millennium BC could be documented. The north-west-south-east facing houses have lengths of up to 30 meters and widths of around 8 meters and reveal different construction methods. A foundation trench had been sunk in four buildings in the northwest area. The recessed beams possibly served as weather protection. Inside, the buildings are divided into three rooms. On the long sides, the houses are accompanied by large, irregular pits.

Similar settlements of the oldest arable farmers have already been excavated in different parts of Central Europe, but differences due to the adaptation to local conditions can be observed everywhere. Most of the time, large parts of the cultural layer have been eroded by the millennia of agriculture. Only in a few places were the conditions of preservation for the findings as good as in the case of the settlement in the north of Erfurt, the overall findings of which are unique in Thuringia.

history

Gispersleben-Kiliani was first mentioned on March 20, 1143 in the documents of the Petersberg Monastery in Erfurt. Gispersleben-Viti was first mentioned in a document on March 27, 1319. The origin of the common name of the two villages Viti and Kiliani, formerly separated by the river and a swampy landscape, is unclear. However, it is traced back to medieval aristocrats, depending on the sources, a Gaspartus or a Gisbod, as well as a resident miller with the same name, who was common in this region in the 11th century. The place name has been spelled differently in the course of history, u. a. Gispesleiben, Kispersleben or Gisperschleybin, today often Gispi for short . In addition, the names Viti and Kiliani have been preserved in place names or in names for commercial shops or restaurants to this day. The coat of arms of Gispersleben is composed of the two coats of arms of the villages.

In 1593 Gispersleben was subordinated to the city ​​of Erfurt , which administered it until the Napoleonic era. Since 1706 Gispersleben was the capital of an office with ten villages. In 1802 the office of Gispersleben came with the Erfurt area to Prussia and between 1807 and 1813 to the French principality of Erfurt . During the time of the Napoleonic occupation and the wars of liberation , Gispersleben suffered badly. On September 29, 1813, 1,500 men of French cavalry flooded the place, "took the peasants' fruit out of the barn and knocked them terribly". From the end of October 1813, Gispersleben belonged to the Prussian-Russian siege ring around the French-occupied Erfurt fortress. With the Congress of Vienna Gispersleben and the former office came back to Prussia in 1815 and in 1816 it was incorporated into the district of Erfurt in the Prussian province of Saxony . Only the official locations of Stotternheim and Schwerborn were assigned to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . During this eventful time, the deserving bailiff Kästner directed the fortunes of the place from 1794 to 1836.

The two villages Kiliani and Viti were spatially separated until the 19th century, but were connected to one another by expensive bridges and river regulations (deepening, barrages). In 1901, in place of the Hildebrandt mill, an electricity plant was built in Gispersleben , which also supplied the surrounding villages with electricity. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the rural area was used for excursions by the Erfurt city population, in times of crisis also as a retail outlet for food that was delivered from the northern villages and picked up by the Erfurt residents. Gispersleben is connected to Erfurt by the Gera Aue and can still be reached almost continuously from the city center via footpaths along the water.

Towards the end of the Second World War there was fighting between American and German troops in Gispersleben on April 10 and 11, 1945 . This also resulted in casualties among the civilian population, especially as a result of the US artillery fire. With the loss of the area, the Erfurt-Nord air base further east, which is now the residential area of ​​Roter Berg, fell into the hands of the Americans, who were finally able to take Erfurt on April 12th.

The two communities Gispersleben Kiliani and Gispersleben Viti were incorporated into Erfurt on July 1, 1950. A park-like landscape and several allotment garden settlements that are used for local recreation extend along the Gera in the area of ​​Gispersleben. Since the mid-seventies, Erfurt has grown closer to Gispersleben to the north through the construction of several new building areas (Berliner Platz, Moskauer Platz). Up until the beginning of the eighties there were several pig fattening systems in the south of Gispersleben, which were operated with waste from the commercial kitchen supply and school food from the city of Erfurt. Until the political turnaround, there was a factory near Teichmanns Hof that produced Erfurt Bornsenf . After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the remaining area to the Erfurt settlement limits was almost completely built on with infrastructure. Today Gispersleben is the largest part of the city of Erfurt.

The former cemetery of Kiliani was abandoned during the GDR era in the 1960s and mainly included in the power plant area. At the end of March 2009, after the redesign to create Kiliani Park , part of the site became a memorial site. A double stele bears the text: “In memory of the old local cemetery Gispersleben-Kiliani”. Next to it is the soldier's grave with an estimated 50 members of the Waffen-SS , the Wehrmacht and the Volkssturm , who fell in the local area on April 10 and 11, 1945 or were shot by US troops after their capture.

In the middle of the park there is a large obelisk with the names of the Gispersleben soldiers who died in the First and Second World Wars. At the edge of the park is a memorial stone for Ernst Thälmann that was erected during the GDR era . According to the will of the Gispersleben Home and Landscape Management Association and some members of the district council, this should be removed, which led to discussions in the village.

Population development

  • 1843: 1064
  • 1910: 2843
  • 1939: 4873
  • 1990: 3698
  • 1995: 3627
  • 2000: 3931
  • 2005: 4126
  • 2010: 4123
  • 2013: 4107
  • 2014: 4044
  • 2015: 4103/4044

traffic

Erfurt-Gispersleben station

In the area of ​​Gispersleben there are today several industrial areas with large storage capacities for urban trade. The place is on the federal highway 4 (Erfurt - Nordhausen ) and at the Gispersleben junction, where the B 4 expressway crosses the A 71 . The Wolkramshausen – Erfurt railway line passes by. The station is served every hour by regional trains to Kassel, Nordhausen and Erfurt. The EVAG tram lines 1 and 3 , which connect the town to the city center of Erfurt, end at the southern edge of the village . There has been a large shopping center in Gispersleben since 1995.

economy

While retailers (bakers, pharmacies, cafés, etc.) predominate in the center, there are several business parks on the outskirts. Commercial areas emerged around Zittauer Strasse, Bernauer Strasse and Apoldaer Strasse . Up until the beginning of the 1990s, one of the town's largest employers, Thuringian Stahlbau Erfurt , was located on the Camburger Straße and Mühlweg site, south of the Gispersleben railway station . Here, too, a larger industrial park with numerous companies has been established.

politics

Local mayor is Anita Pietsch ( CDU ).

Sights and culture

The community of Gispersleben has two Protestant village churches . The Church of St. Viti , Vitusplatz 4, is under the patronage of St. Vitus and today belongs to the Protestant church district of Erfurt . The building is a listed building . The Kilian's Church , Zittauer Straße 34, has St. Kilian as its patron .

There is also a New Apostolic Church in the village.

  • Sparkasse in the former Gispersleben manor house

  • Former power plant

  • Soldier grave (50 dead) from April 1945 in Kilianipark

  • The Kilian's Church 2015

  • The portal

  • The Vitic Church 2009

Personalities

literature

  • Ortschaftsrat Erfurt-Gispersleben (Ed.): Chronicle Gispersleben . Self-published, Erfurt 2000, DNB  959866043 .

Web links

Commons : Gispersleben  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. A manual. 5th, verb. and substantially exp. Ed., New edition. Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , p. 90.
  2. ↑ Jakob Dominikus: Erfurt and the Erfurt area. According to geographical, physical, statistical, political and historical conditions. An award typeface co-crowned by the Academy of Useful Sciences in Erfurt. 2nd and last part. Carl Wilhelm Ettinger, Gotha 1793 ( preview in Google book search).
  3. ↑ Klaus-Dieter Kaiser : Erfurt, Napoleon and Prussia, 1802 to 1816 (= small writings of the association for the history and antiquity of Erfurt eV Volume 6). Association for the history and archeology of Erfurt, Erfurt 2002, ISBN 3-9807188-7-5 , p. 104.
  4. ↑ Steffen Raßloff : Bailiff Kästner finished "economic fuss". In: Thuringian General . February 18, 2015, accessed November 26, 2017.
  5. ↑ Iris Pelny / TA: Gispersleben Thälmann monument in the park is to be removed ( memento from February 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ). In: tlz.de. Thüringische Landeszeitung , March 30, 2010, accessed on November 26, 2017.
  6. ↑ Thereof: Gispersleben-Kiliani 581 inhabitants, Gispersleben-Viti 483 inhabitants. Handbook of the Province of Saxony. Magdeburg 1843, p. 292 ( Scan  - Internet Archive ).
  7. ^ A b Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology : Environment regional. Population in the districts. In: tlug-jena.de, accessed on November 26, 2017 (current status: December).
  8. ^ Population of the districts ( memento from December 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). In: erfurt.de. December 19, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2017.
  9. ↑ Population of the city districts ( Memento from January 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). In: erfurt.de. January 28, 2015, accessed November 26, 2017.
  10. ↑ Population of the city districts ( memento from January 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). In: erfurt.de. January 1, 2016, accessed November 26, 2017.
  11. ^ New Apostolic Church, Erfurt-Gispersleben. In: erfurt.de, accessed on November 19, 2018.