Bischleben

Bischleben State capital Erfurt Coordinates: 50 ° 55 ′ 57 ″  N , 10 ° 59 ′ 5 ″  E
Height :	210–233 m above sea level NN
Area :	6.61 km²
Residents :	1633  (December 31, 2016)
Population density :	247 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	July 1, 1950
Postal code :	99094
Area code :	0361
Location of Bischleben in Erfurt

The village center with the church from the west

St. Benignus Church from the north ( Location → )

Half-timbered homestead ( location → )

1981 railway accident

Bischleben is a district of the state capital Erfurt in Thuringia . The associated district bears the name Bischleben-Stedten and is made up of the two places Bischleben and Stedten an der Gera , which have since grown together to form a settlement area and formed a community since 1923.

geography

Bischleben is about six kilometers southwest of the city center on the Gera at an altitude of about 210 meters. In this area, the Gera forms a valley breakthrough between the slopes of the Steigerwald in the east and a plateau that rises to the Fahner Heights in the northwest. At the Schmiraer Höhe this plateau reaches a height of 312 meters, while the Steigerwald near Bischleben rises to around 330 meters. Neighboring towns in the Geratal are Hochheim in the north and Möbisburg-Rhoda in the south. Schmira is in the northwest , while Ingersleben is in the southwest. The slopes of the Geratal are the location of numerous allotment gardens and market gardens. Further to the east are the forest areas of the Steigerwald, while parts of the valley area and the western plateau are used for agriculture.

The old town center of Bischleben is around the church on the east side of the train station, while the Stedten village center is a good kilometer further south on the western edge of the valley.

Due to its valley location, Bischleben is relatively often affected by floods, with undeveloped areas in the Gera-Aue in particular being flooded. The floodplain landscape has an important protective function for the Erfurt city center, which is located downstream, so that the area is a focus of measures to improve flood protection in Erfurt.

history

Bischleben was first mentioned in a document in 1184. The village church , consecrated to St. Benignus , whose tower still contains Romanesque parts, was probably built around that time.

Since 1298 the place was the seat of the Lords of Bischofsleben . In 1333 the place came to the Counts of Gleichen , 1385 to Gleichen-Tonna , 1403 to 1423 to Erfurt as pledge , in 1426 again to the Counts of Gleichen and in 1444 to the Dukes of Saxony . Under Saxon suzerainty, the Counts of Gleichen kept the village and continued to lend it. After the division of Leipzig , the place came into the possession of the Ernestines and was incorporated into the Wachsenburg office. The village belonged to the Ernestine Duchy and later Free State of Saxony-Gotha until 1920. After that, it belonged to the district of Gotha and belonged to Thuringia , while Erfurt, only five kilometers away, belonged to the Prussian province of Saxony . In 1626 there was a serious plague epidemic in Bischleben that killed almost 100 residents.

In 1847, Bischleben received a railway connection to the Thuringian Railway , which is now three-track and also serves long-distance traffic from Leipzig to Frankfurt am Main . The railway line gave the town a great boom in the 19th century. Numerous new streets were built and the number of inhabitants quintupled in the period up to the Second World War. Several industrial companies settled in the village, stimulating the economy and ensuring an upswing.

Bischleben was a popular local recreation destination for the people of Erfurt. As tourist restaurants there was the "mountain lodge" (1945 Ammunition explosion destroyed), the "Cafe Bachstelzenweg", the "lock Lindenhöhe", the "Gasthaus zum Löwen" the inn "German Emperor", the "Cafe Peace Stone" and the "Gasthaus Stedten". Today (2016) only the wagtail cafe still exists. The "German Kaiser" became the camp of an agricultural cooperative.

In 1923, Stedtens was incorporated into Bischleben. After the Second World War, Thuringia was expanded to include the formerly Prussian territories, so that for the first time there was no border between Erfurt and Bischleben. So in 1950 the incorporation of Bischleben (with the district Stedten) to Erfurt followed. Before that, the place had already developed into a popular place of residence with good connections to the city in a delightful scenic location.

In Bischleben, on June 11, 1981, the worst train accident in the history of Thuringia occurred in times of peace on the railway line (see also the railway accident at Erfurt-Bischleben ) . In 1453 , the interzonal train drove from Düsseldorf to Karl-Marx-Stadt (today Chemnitz ) at a permitted speed of 120 km / h on a track warpage in the station caused by excessive solar radiation and derailed despite rapid braking. 14 people died and 93 were injured, some seriously.

Another accident occurred near Bischleben on May 10, 1945 when an American ammunition train exploded in the station . Two people died and there was considerable damage to buildings near the train station. The high-altitude excursion restaurant "Bergschlösschen", which had filled the entire space between the train station, church and Gera, was torn away. A major catastrophe was only prevented by the presence of mind of the railroad worker Ernst Kühne , who decoupled some of the wagons at risk of death. In 1999 a street near the train station was named Ernst-Kühne-Straße in honor of his actions .

During the GDR era, the population of Bischleben decreased again due to the general rural exodus . After reunification, it then stabilized at around 1,700. In contrast to most of the other villages belonging to Erfurt, no large new housing estates were identified in Bischleben during this time, as the landscape is already sprawled to a large extent due to the numerous gardens and there are not enough flood- protected areas available. In 1994 the Gera caused a great Easter flood , when the level in nearby Möbisburg was 4.18 meters. The flood caused considerable damage in the village.

Population development

• 1843: 0392 (Bischleben: 0270; Stedten: 122)
• 1910: 1326 (Bischleben: 1203; Stedten: 123)
• 1939: 2103
• 1990: 1624
• 1995: 1581
• 2000: 1600
• 2005: 1696
• 2010: 1676
• 2015: 1628

Economy and Infrastructure

Erfurt-Bischleben station (2018)

After the closure of most of the industrial operations (including the Bischleben mill, which was converted into loft apartments ), Bischleben-Stedten is now primarily a residential suburb. In addition, horticulture plays a certain role. To the west of the station there was a factory owned by Artur Jungk KG and VEB Feuerungsanlagenbau Erfurt until after reunification . Some of the area is now being used commercially, and some of it is fallow.

Bischleben has had a train station on the Thuringian Railway since 1847 . This is served every hour by the regional trains from Halle to Eisenach and from Erfurt to Ilmenau / Meiningen . There are also various bus connections to other places in the Geratal and to Erfurt. Roads connect Bischleben with Hochheim in the north, Möbisburg in the south, Ingersleben in the west and Molsdorf in the southwest. There is a connection to the federal motorway 4 via the Erfurt-West junction .

The Thuringian chain of cities and the Gera cycle path from Erfurt to Gotha and Arnstadt lead through Bischleben-Stedten . The high-speed line Nuremberg – Erfurt with the Augustaburg tunnel and the Geratal bridge at Bischleben runs north-west of the town .

Attractions

• Village church of St. Benignus

Further cultural assets can be found in the list of cultural monuments in Bischleben-Stedten .

Personalities

• Johann Ernst Wenigk (1702–1745), clergyman, theologian and hymn poet
• Christoph von Keller (1757–1827), politician, Prussian envoy, born in Stedten
• Ludwig von Keller (1760–1835), politician, Prussian district administrator, born in Stedten
• Eduard von Keller (1796–1877), administrative officer, born in Stedten
• Gustav von Keller (1805–1897) Prussian civil servant and politician, born in Stedten
• Uwe Bremer (* 1940), painter and graphic artist, born in Bischleben
• Marion Walsmann (* 1963), politician (CDU), grew up as Marion Schau in Bischleben

Individual evidence

1. ^ Otto Dorbencker (arrangement and ed.): Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae (1152-1210) . tape 2 Part 1. Fischer, Jena 1898. No. 699
2. ↑ P. Lehfeldt: Architectural and Art Monuments of Thuringia , Booklet VIII. Duchy of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha, Jena, 1891, p. 7
3. ↑ Hartmut Schwarz: It was over with an explosion . Thuringian newspaper, August 20, 2016
4. ↑ Jan Eik and Klaus Behling : “Classified matter. The greatest secrets of the GDR ”. Verlag Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-360-01944-8 . P. 200
5. ↑ Anniversary publication "100 Years of the Reichsbahndirektion Erfurt 1882–1982". Quoted from Helmut Wolf: "Erfurt in the air war 1939–1945". Writings of the association for history and antiquity of Erfurt eV, Glaux-Verlag Jena 2005. ISBN 3-931743-89-6 . P. 252
6. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : Lexicon of all localities of the German federal states . Naumburg, 1843.
7. ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
8. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
9. ^ Thuringian State Office for Environment and Geology: Environment regional.
10. ↑ Population of the city districts
11. ↑ Michael Kessler: Loft living in the cultural monument Bischlebener Mühle. In: immobilienpoint24.de . Immobilien Point 24 GmbH, May 12, 2014, accessed on November 23, 2018 . 

Web links

Commons : Bischleben-Stedten  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Presentation of the district on the website of the city administration