Vest Recklinghausen

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Territorial division in the border area between Rhineland and Westphalia in the early modern period
Vest Recklinghausen and the surrounding area

The Vest Recklinghausen (pronounced: Fest Recklinghausen ) is the name for the judicial district of the medieval Gogericht in Recklinghausen . In addition to the Archbishopric of Cologne and the Duchy of Westphalia, the vest represented a secular domain of the Archbishops of Cologne . During the early modern period, as part of Kurköln, it belonged to the Kurhine Empire .

location

The rivers Emscher and Lippe formed the natural border, in the south to the Grafschaft Mark and the Reichsstift Essen and in the north to the duchy of Münster . In the east, between Lippe and Emscher, a Landwehr secured the border with the county of Dortmund . In the west, the Kölln Forest and the Kirchheller Heide formed the border with the Duchy of Kleve .

The vest thus roughly corresponds to the area of ​​today 's Recklinghausen district . However, parts of today's cities of Gelsenkirchen (the larger northern half in terms of area with Buer and Horst ), Oberhausen ( Osterfeld ) and the entire modern city of Bottrop together with Kirchhellen belonged to the vest. The town of Castrop-Rauxel located south of the Emscher (with the exception of the Henrichenburg district ) and the parts of today's towns of Dorsten and Haltern am See to the north of the Lippe did not belong to the Vest, as did the Östrich district in the far west of Dorsten.

history

The Elector of Cologne, the governor of the Vestes, resided at Herten Castle
The Waiter des Vestes from the Electorate of Cologne resided at Horneburg Castle
The vest (lightened) on the map sheets of the German Empire (end of the 19th century) with today's administrative boundaries and water courses

Recklinghausen goes back to a Carolingian royal court. From the second half of the 12th century after the overthrow of Henry the Lion and the defeat of the Duchy of Saxony , a domain of Cologne began to develop. Mentioned for the first time as a Gogericht in 1228, the term vest can be documented for the first time in 1338. The two starting points of the Cologne rule in this area were Recklinghausen and Dorsten, who received city rights in 1235 and 1251.

In the vest approaches developed to a self-awareness. In 1305 the cities of the fortress were united, which was later renewed. The geographically located area in Westphalia broke away from the Duchy of Westphalia more and more since the middle of the 14th century and oriented itself more towards the Rhenish archbishopric. As early as 1371, the two cities paid homage to the new Archbishop Friedrich III. of Saar are not together with the Westphalian cities, but with those of the Rhineland. At the Hereditary Lands Association of 1463, the vestic estates also joined the Rhenish ones. In the early modern period there was no longer any doubt about belonging to the Rhenish archbishopric.

The governor of the Electorate of Cologne resided at Herten Castle , while the head winery was in Horneburg . From 1446 to 1476 the vest was pledged by the noble lords of Gemen , and from that year until 1576 by the Counts of Schaumburg . The vest was the smallest of the three Cologne domains. At the time of Dietrich II von Moers , about 14,500 people lived there. In the Westphalian part, however, there were 59,000 and in the Rhenish part there were around 100,000 people.

By 1600 at the latest, the administration of the Vests was divided into the Obervest in the east, which was still administered from Recklinghausen , and the Untervest in the west, which was administered from the town of Dorsten . The town and parish Recklinghausen as well as the parishes Ahsen , Datteln , Flaesheim , Hamm , Henrichenburg , Herten , Horneburg, Oer , Suderwich , Waltrop and Westerholt belonged to Obervest . The town and parish of Dorsten as well as the parishes of Bottrop , Buer , Gladbeck , Horst , Kirchhellen , Marl , Osterfeld and Polsum belonged to the Untervest .

As in the Duchy of Westphalia, there have been witch trials in Vest Recklinghausen since the 16th century . In 1514, eleven women were convicted of causing a severe storm. The trials reached their first high point between 1590 and 1600. The number of victims is estimated at 94. Trine Plumpe resisted torture in a witch trial in 1650 and thus contributed to the end of the witch hunt in the immediate jurisdiction of the Vests Recklinghausen.

Neighboring territories were the diocese of Münster in the north , the imperial city of Dortmund , the county of Mark , the Abbey of Essen and the duchy of Kleve in the west . After the Reformation, the Diocese of Münster and the Abbey of Essen remained Catholic, like the Vest, while the other territories became Protestant.

The Archbishop of Cologne, Ferdinand of Bavaria , decreed on September 4, 1614 that every non-Catholic is prohibited from staying in the vest permanently. This was true until 1803, when the vest fell to the Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen , according to the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of February 25, 1803 . Various reforms came about, such as the introduction of the civil code or approaches to peasant liberation. In 1811 it came to the Grand Duchy of Berg . In 1815 the vest was incorporated into the Prussian province of Westphalia , and in 1816 it became part of the Recklinghausen district .

Affiliation of Vest Recklinghausen

Nordrhein-Westfalen Preußen Großherzogtum Berg Haus Arenberg Kurköln

Usage of the term today

Today the term vest is mostly used synonymously for the Recklinghausen district. The Recklinghausen district has also been called "Vestischer Kreis" in the subtitle of its logo since 2006 , and the job center according to SGB II is called "Vestische Arbeit"; In addition, the name is used by numerous companies and institutions ( Radio Vest , Sparkasse Vest Recklinghausen , Vestisches Museum / Vestisches Archiv Recklinghausen , Vestische trams , Vestische Kampfbahn (stadium in Gladbeck), Vestlandhalle etc.). The towns of Waltrop, Datteln and Oer-Erkenschwick are known as Ostvest .

Various products of the former Chemische Werke Hüls in Marl contained the word component Vest- in the name, such as B. Vestan , Vestolen and Vestolit .

literature

  • District Recklinghausen (Ed.): The district Recklinghausen . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1979. ISBN 3-8062-0183-8 .
  • Johannes Altkemper: The agriculture of the districts Recklinghausen and Gelsenkirchen under the influence of the industry . Georgi, Bonn 1905.
  • Ludwig Bette: Vest Recklinghausen in the Arenberg and French times (1802-13) . Westf. Association printing company, Münster 1908.
  • Monika Storm: The Duchy of Westphalia, Vest Recklinghausen and the Rhenish Archbishopric of Cologne: Kurköln in its parts. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The Duchy of Westphalia , Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electoral Cologne Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-402-12827-5 , Pp. 343-362.
  • The Vestische Kalender , has been published for Vest Recklinghausen since 1923, with a table of contents
  • Vestische Zeitschrift , scientific journal, has been published since 1891
  • Bodo A. Steinberg: Vest Recklinghausen on old maps . Self-published 2019, woodcut and copper engraved maps from 1548 to 1812, plus additional maps up to 1905, ISBN 978-3-00-060955-8 .
  • Ludger Tewes : The official and pledge policy of the archbishops of Cologne in the late Middle Ages. (= Dissertations on medieval history 4) , Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1987. ISBN 3-412-04986-7 . [The development of the office (in the area of ​​the vestibule) Recklinghausen from 1302 to 1458 pp. 345–348, individual actions: pp. 83–93, p. 151–160, p. 180–184, p. 210–212.]

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ludger Tewes , On the concept of "Vestes Recklinghausen". In: Vestische Zeitschrift 82/83 1983/84, p. 330.
  2. ↑ Manfred Wolf: The history of the district area until 1816 . In: Recklinghausen district (ed.): The Recklinghausen district . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1979. pp. 73-98, here p. 77.
  3. ^ Ludger Tewes: The official and pledge policy of the archbishops of Cologne in the late Middle Ages (= dissertations on medieval history, vol. 4). Böhlau, Cologne 1987, ISBN 3-412-04986-7 , pp. 345-348: the pledges of the Cologne office of Recklinghausen from 1302 to 1458.
  4. ↑ Tanja Gawlich: The witch commissioner Heinrich von Schultheiss and the witch persecution in the Duchy of Westphalia. In: Harm Klueting (ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia , Vol. 1: The Electorate of Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to the secularization of 1803 . Aschendorff, Münster 2009. ISBN 978-3-402-12827-5 . Pp. 297-320, pp. 300 and 303.
  5. ^ Adolf Dorider: History of the city of Recklinghausen in the more recent centuries (1577-1933) . Vestisches Archiv, Recklinghausen 1955, p. 186.
  6. ↑ Werner Burghardt: "If the farmer pulls ten furrows, there are at least three for the landlord." Problems with the transfer in Vest Recklinghausen 1808-1860 . In: Bert Becker, Horst Lademacher (ed.): Spirit and shape in historical change. Facets of German and European History 1789–1989. Münster 2000, pp. 67-92
  7. ↑ Vestan - an upcoming textile fiber. In: Die Zeit No. 37, September 13, 1963, accessed from Zeitonline on February 4, 2020.