Dortmund county
.svg){kind=small} Territory in the Holy Roman Empire |
|
|---|---|
| Dortmund county | |
| coat of arms | |
|
|
| Today's region / s |
DE-NW
|
| Reichskreis |
Lower Rhine-Westphalian (represented by Dortmund )
|
| surface | 85 km²
|
| Incorporated into | 1803: Nassau-Dillenburg 1808: Grand Duchy of Berg 1815: Prussia
|
The county of Dortmund was an imperial county around the imperial city of Dortmund . Since when it existed is unclear. In 1343 one half was sold to the city of Dortmund. After the death of the last count in 1504, the rest also fell to Dortmund. Under Dortmund rule, the county existed until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.
history
The first authenticated historical information about the office of the Counts of Dortmund comes from an imperial charter from 1236. However, they point back to older, lost sources from the 12th century. In addition, a Count Albertus “ comes Tremoniensis ” from 1189 is clearly mentioned by name in a document from the Archbishop of Cologne, Philipp von Heinsberg . Theories that Charlemagne created this office in 789 are unproven. A corresponding document later turned out to be a forgery. It is not known for sure since when the royal estate in and around Dortmund was under a count. Such offices have been known from other comparable areas since the 10th century. In Dortmund, the owner was probably in the tradition of the royal judge of the Dortmund royal court (" curtis regia ") , who came from the Carolingian era . The royal court is documented from the time of Otto I around 960. Subsequently, it is mentioned many times in imperial documents. The court was connected to a palace . Numerous emperors temporarily resided there.
The counts came from the free imperial ministry . The first counts belonged to the House of Dortmund. They are likely to go back to a noble family of the same name, which can be traced back to the 11th and 12th centuries. The fact that the Counts of Dortmund belonged to the ministerials is evident from their mention in witness lists after the actual counts. Sometimes members of the house called themselves both comes (count) and miles (knight).
After the house of Dortmund died out in 1316, long-term conflicts arose over the succession in the fallen imperial fief . These dragged on until around 1330. Since there were two kings at the outbreak of the dispute with Ludwig the Bavarian and Friedrich of Austria , both the Archbishop of Cologne and Konrad von Lindenhorst were enfeoffed with the office. There were also other contenders. Eventually the Lindenhorst house prevailed. This was a branch line of the original gender. This also came from the knight nobility. The von der Stecke, who had provided the last count since the middle of the 15th century, were originally unfree ministerials.
In the 14th century the county was temporarily pledged to the Counts of the Mark . In 1343 Count Konrad V sold half of the county to the imperial city of Dortmund. After the last Count Johann Stecke died in 1504, the rest of the county also came to the imperial city of Dortmund. With this, the county came to Nassau-Dillenburg in 1803 and to the Grand Duchy of Berg in 1808 . Since 1815 the area belonged to Prussia .
area
Since the availability of documents, the Dortmund Count's Office was a hereditary imperial fief. The first more precise descriptions of the extent do not come from the year 1512, when the county was already part of the imperial city of Dortmund. In 1567, it was about 5 to 7 km wide and 13.5 km long. It covered an area of about 85 km². This included the following farmers:
- Baukloh, broom Mountain, Brackel , Brambauer , Brechten , Deusen , Eckey, Ellingshausen , Eving , Groppenbruch , Mr. They, Holthausen , Kemminghausen , Körne , Lindenhorst , Schwiering Hausen and Wambel . Originally the area should have been a bit larger.
According to the pledge deed by Count Engelbert III. Von der Mark belonged to the county in addition to the actual royal court, nineteen larger and six smaller royal courts as well as so-called two-thirds courts, royal court land, pastures, gardens and some forest. This land was farmed by "free imperial people" or "king people". The centers of the royal courts were mainly along the Hellweg .
right
According to a deed of mortgage Frederick III. for Archbishop Heinrich II of Virneburg from the year 1316 the Dortmund county ( comitatus Tremoniensis ) , the free county court, the secular court, the coin, customs and greeting fair . The count was the owner of the lordship, the royal court and the regalia .
The settlement (later the city) of Dortmund was also initially subordinate to the Count of Dortmund. However, the city has largely evaded this supervision. In 1220 the residents of Dortmund were still subject to the jurisdiction of the count. Some time later, however, a first city judge appeared. Its confirmation was initially continued by the count.
For the area not subordinate to the city judge, the term of the free county became common. The emperor gave the loan. After half of the county of Dortmund had passed to the imperial city, the judge in the free county was appointed by the city and the count together.
With regard to the regalia, it is known that the counts received income from the Dortmund Mint . In 1266 half of the regalia was given to the Archbishop of Cologne. The tariffs must also have been subject to the counts. In 1320 half of the income was given to the city, as had probably already happened before. After half of the county was transferred to the city, minters and customs officers were appointed jointly by the municipality and the counts. The income was shared. The brewing rights have been lost to the counts over time.
Count
House Dortmund
- Albert, mentioned in 1189
- Konrad I., mentioned in a document from 1200–1225
- Konrad II., Mentioned in a document from 1219–1249
- Herbord, mentioned as Count 1253–1295
- Konrad III., Mentioned in a document from 1286–1314, named count since 1298, died in 1316
House Lindenhorst
- Conrad IV., Mentioned in a document from 1313–1339, mentioned as count in 1316 and 1330–1339, died in 1341
- Konrad V, 1316–1399, mentioned as count since 1341
- Heinrich I, 1381–1429 mentioned in a document, first as Count in 1396, since 1399 regularly mentioned as Count.
- Conrad VI., 1413–1449, named count from 1429, died around 1450
- Heinrich II, mentioned since 1444, named as Count in 1451 and 1462
House stake
- Johann Stecke; † 1504
See also
literature
- Eduard Krömecke: The Counts of Dortmund. A contribution to the older history of Westphalia. Stein, Werl 1858 ( digitized version ).
- August Meininghaus: The Counts of Dortmund. A contribution to the history of Dortmund . Dortmund 1905 ( digitized version ).
- August Meininghaus: The manor and knight seats in the county of Dortmund in the 13th and 14th centuries . In: Contributions to the history of Dortmund and the county of Mark . tape XVI , 1908, ISSN 0405-2021 , p. 11-84 .
- Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 .