Horneburg Castle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Horneburg Castle
Side view of the castle from the southeast

Side view of the castle from the southeast

Creation time : before 1384
Castle type : Wasserburg (building)
Conservation status: only parts of the outer bailey are preserved
Construction: Sandstone
Place: Horneburg (dates)
Geographical location 51 ° 37 '53 "  N , 7 ° 17' 42.5"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 37 '53 "  N , 7 ° 17' 42.5"  E
Height: 70  m above sea level NN
Horneburg Castle (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Horneburg Castle

The Horne Castle is a former noble residence in Datteln . This was the seat of the Lords of Oer until 1418 .

history

The first documentary mention of the Horneburg can be found in 1220 in the great bailiwick of Count Friedrich von Isenberg-Altena. It is noted there that Richrode Horneburch belonged to the Oberhof . In an atonement contract between the Archbishop of Cologne Friedrich III. von Saar Werden and Count Engelbert IV. von der Mark on October 29, 1384, the Horneburg was mentioned in the Vest Recklinghausen .

By the end of the 12th century at the latest, the von Oer family was at the head of the Oer imperial court, to which the Horneburg belonged . The income from the court flowed to the Cologne cathedral chapter. In 1389 Heydenrich von Oyre (Heidenreich von Oer) was able to buy the Reichshof Oer together with the Horneburg from the Cologne Cathedral Chapter. He had the castle expanded and strongly fortified. His son Heinrich von Oer tried to exercise sovereign rights over the surrounding villages. He was defeated in 1418 and had to leave the Horneburg.

The extensive property of the Elector of Cologne included fields, pastures, forests, buildings, mills and farms. The private and public law uses required a special administrative body. At first it was in Recklinghausen . The administrator was the waiter . In 1410 the clergyman Johann Droege was mentioned as a waiter. The relocation of the winery to Horneburg (after 1420) was a heavy blow for the merchants and tradespeople, as the farmers who delivered their taxes or fulfilled their official duties made all kinds of purchases on this occasion and now stayed away from the city. Reasons for the relocation were the crooked and angled streets of Recklinghausen, the narrowness of the urban conditions and the lack of suitable buildings for the storage of the grain and the accommodation of the numerous cattle. The Horneburg, on the other hand, offered favorable space conditions and spacious farm buildings. It became the center of the state and property administration, the electoral rent management in the vest. Ludolf Hechelen was mentioned as the first waiter at Horneburg Castle in 1425. In 1431 the Horneburg and its chapel were completely taken over by the Archbishop of Cologne. In 1473 Dirick van der Knippenborch was Drost zur Horneburg, and in 1522 Cordt vom Kredit held the office.

North side of the castle

Gebhard Truchseß von Waldburg (1547–1601) was elected Archbishop of Cologne in 1577. In 1583 he became a Protestant. His successor, Ernst von Bayern (1554-1612) , waged a war against him, which he won in 1589. In this Truchsessian or Cologne War, the question was whether the Archdiocese of Cologne and thus the Vest remained Catholic or became Protestant. The Horneburg was occupied on May 31, 1583 by Colonel Engelbert von der Lippe, who was a Truchsessian . The vest could be won back. Ernst von Bayern held a state parliament on the Horneburg in May 1584.

The Horneburg was the scene of several witch trials between 1588 and 1590 . It was the seat of the Vestian criminal court and the prison.

On July 25, 1646, the French marshal Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne castle and freedom burned down in order to avenge himself for a military defeat in the Lünen-Hamm area, but also for an attack on his rearguard. On October 22nd, 1658 Johan [sic] Mathias Pranghe was appointed the new waiter at the Horneburg. He said he had entered an inhospitable house, devastated, with demolished windows and doors. In the cattle shed he didn't even find a manger, the winery apartment only had a small room and smoke moved there from the kitchen. For his efforts to reorganize the administration, he was awarded the title of head waiter in 1665 .

After the Thirty Years War the destroyed main castle was not restored. The former outer bailey, on the other hand, was rebuilt as a mansion in the dimensions of a castle and later also used as an administration building. On May 23, 1698, Tsar Peter I was in Horneburg on his journey from Amsterdam to Vienna. From 1907 to 1959 there was a housekeeping school for farmers' daughters at the castle. From 1959 to 1965, the Diocesan Caritas Association of Münster maintained a maternity home in the castle. The building belongs to the district of Recklinghausen and since 1965 as a special education internat used.

Name declaration

Horn occurs in place names and denotes a piece of land that tapers to a point. For example, a field can protrude into a forest. Another interpretation speaks of a threshold or dry hill that protrudes into the marshland. A third interpretation sees a water name with the meaning dirty , dark , gray , due to environmental influences also white and pale blue . When assessing the etymology , it should be noted that the previous building of the Horneburg arx Horneburgensis was north of the later main castle. It is possible that Saxons brought a place name with them from their original homeland on the Lower Elbe. The legend calls a knight Goddert von Horne.

Castle chapel

Old parish church of St. Maria Magdalena

In the document of January 8, 1332, the following was mentioned as a witness: Herr Engilbertus, called Pastor von der Hornenburg (dictus de Hornenburg). This was a modesty phrase. Bernhard von Clairvaux wrote: Bernhardus, abbas dictus de Claravalle (Bernhard, called Abbot of Clairvaux).

In 1610 the church in Horneburg received the right to donate the baptism, under Heinrich Barckhoff (around 1610-1650), who later also became dean and vestry commissioner. Under this capable and energetic pastor, the church was rebuilt and expanded. At the school that H. Barckhoff founded in 1610, he was initially a teacher himself for two years. Among other things, he taught grammar, Latin and religion, but also gave an introduction to philosophy. He was abducted as a prisoner by Hessian troops with the waiter in 1632 and imprisoned in Dorsten for three weeks in 1635. In the same year he was appointed pastor.

In 1672 the church was granted unrestricted parish rights. Until 1965 it was the parish church of St. Maria Magdalena , since 1968 she has been the Church of the Russian Congregation of St. Boris and Gleb .

The church has one nave, two bays and has a flattened five-eighth choir closure. It is 17.7 m long and 9 m wide. The nave and choir are studded with buttresses. In the west of the roof there is a slated roof turret that carries three bells. The interior of the church is covered with groin vaults, which rest on ribs between arched transverse straps and on consoles, some with angel heads. The windows are ogival, in three parts and have heavy masonry from 1654, which is patterned in the shape of a fish bubble.

The church is equipped with a baroque altar. The heavy frame of the high altar with acanthus tendrils and putti as well as a depiction of the penitent Mary Magdalene from the end of the 17th century surrounded a crucifixion group in the middle field. From this, Maria and Johannes can be seen today in the Vestisches Museum , Recklinghausen. This was replaced by a Sacred Heart statue , after 1925 by a painting with Maria Magdalena, Maria and Johannes under the cross (today in the new church), and finally by a Byzantine Pantocrator . On the left side of the chancel is a rococo sacraments niche made of sandstone, a wall tabernacle from the 17th century with a paneled wooden door between stone pilasters. All around is cartouche with angel heads. The baptismal font dates from 1618. It is a round basin with a leaf frieze and an angel's head. The statue of Anna Selbdritt is made of oak and dates from the 15th century. Their painting has been renewed. Taufbrunnen and Anna herself are in the New Church today.

See also

literature

  • D. Brune: Successful and cruel ... 350 years ago Marshal Turenne destroyed Horneburg Castle . In: Festschrift for the Schützenfest 1996 . Horneburg 1996, p. 33 f.
  • G. Clarenbach: Schlaun's business trips to Horneburg. Report on the castle tower and prison construction . In: Festschrift for the Schützenfest 2008 . Horneburg 2008, pp. 127–129
  • H. Diekmann: The history of the electoral head winery at Horneburg Castle in Vest Recklinghausen with special consideration of the 18th century . In: Vestische Zeitschrift , 40, 1933, pp. 15–161
  • WJ Fleitmann: An old extra post and trunk road through Vest Recklinghausen. Grimmelshausen's Simplicissimus as a witness for a trade route . In: Postgeschichtsblätter Münster , NF, April 1984, pp. 492-497
  • U. Frommberger-Weber: Castle and Castle Horneburg. Comments on the construction program and tasks of German castles and palaces . In: Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983, pp. 31-47
  • M. Hartmann: Schloß Horneburg special school boarding school: Bridge to a new future . Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983, pp. 125-131
  • G. Hoge: Dates in the 30 Years War . In: Datteln 1147-1997. Contributions to history . Datteln 1997, pp. 51-54
  • Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983
  • J. Körner, A. Weskamp: The architectural and art monuments of Westphalia 39: Recklinghausen district and Recklinghausen district, Bottrop, Buer, Gladbeck and Osterfeld, Münster 1929 , pp. 294-306
  • J. Lappe: The community of Horneburg . In: Home book of the Waltrop office. Waltrop - Henrichenburg - Horneburg , ed. v. Heimatverein Waltrop, Waltrop 1974, 299-328.335f
  • H. Lenter: Horneburg then and now . In: Vestischer Kalender, Recklinghausen 1951, pp. 121–123
  • H. Möllers: Studies on the origin and meaning of the place name "Horneburg" . In: Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983, pp. 53-59
  • K. Muer: Horneburg - Recklinghausen. Educational institutions of our agriculture , Recklinghausen 1957
  • W. Müschenborn: The breath of world history was blowing. Tsar Peter the Great came through Horneburg on May 23, 1698 . In: Schützenfest in der alten Freiheit Horneburg 2005 , ed. v. Bürgererschützenverein Horneburg 1384 e. V., Datteln-Horneburg 2005, p. 101 f.
  • W. Müschenborn: The district administrator sat in the vine arbor. In 1896, Kreis established an agricultural school at the castle . In: Festschrift zum Schützenfest 1996 , Horneburg 1996, pp. 77–84
  • W. Müschenborn: A struggle for survival. Horneburg in the vortex of the chaos of the Thirty Years' War . In: Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983, pp. 97-100
  • W. Müschenborn: A Russian church in Westphalia. The community of St. Boris and Gleb in Datteln-Horneburg . In: P. Kracht (Ed.): Jahrbuch Westfalen , Westfälischer Heimatkalender NF, 61, 2007. Münster 2006, pp. 108-111. A small Russian church in Westphalia. The parish of St. Boris and Gleb is at home in Horneburg . In: Schützenfest in der alten Freiheit Horneburg 2008 , ed. v. Bürgererschützenverein Horneburg 1384 e. V. Datteln-Horneburg 2008, pp. 108-112
  • W. Müschenborn: Cologne War in Vest Recklinghausen. Horneburg was in the hands of the Truchsessians in 1583 and 1584 . In: Festschrift for the Schützenfest 1993 . Horneburg 1993, p. 78
  • W. Müschenborn: rebirth of a knight's hall. Horneburg Castle presents itself in new splendor after renovation . In: Festschrift for the Schützenfest 1993 . Horneburg 1993, pp. 71-74
  • W. Müschenborn: Fortunately, not built on sand. In 1993, Kreis examined the founding of Horneburg Castle . In: Festschrift for the Schützenfest 1996 . Horneburg 1996, p. 58 f.
  • W. Müschenborn, W.Recktenwald: To die on the Horneburg. Dutch rebel had to flee to Westphalia . In: Festschrift zum Schützenfest 2008 , Horneburg 2008, 116–120
  • H. Pennings: An old castle complex near Datteln . In: Alt-Recklinghausen , 5, 1924, p. 95 f.
  • H. Pennings: History of the city of Recklinghausen and its surroundings . Volume 1: Recklinghausen 1930, pp. 68, 152, 159, 287, 290, 298, 322–328, 336 f., 339–341, 346 f., 353, 358, 360, 375–378, 385, 401, 430-432, 435-439. Volume 2: Recklinghausen 1936, pp. 99, 113, 116, 144, 160–163, 171, 183, 189, 194, 225, 230, 234, 252, 255, 257 f., 260–262, 268 f., 296, 310, 334, 338, 295 f., 403, 414 (Horneburg)
  • K. Philipp: The forerunners of the Horneburg . In: Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983, pp. 25-29
  • K. Philipp: Excavation in the area of ​​the western moat of the Horneburg moated castle, Recklinghausen 1993 . Village archive, Horneburg
  • K. Philipp: This is how one imagines the witch in the fairy tale world . In: Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983, pp. 86-92
  • J. Rive: The Horneburg near Recklinghausen in its condition around 1780, according to the youth memories of the district court president Joseph Rive (born 1771, died 1863) communicated by v. FEUKrause . In: Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983, p. 107 f.
  • F. Schneider: City and Vest Recklinghausen during the Thirty Years War . In: Journal for patriotic history and antiquity , 22, 1864, pp. 147–225
  • W. Wellnitz: The waiters at the Horneburg. From the history of the electoral administration . In: Festschrift for the shooting festival 2005 . Horneburg 2005, pp. 104-107
  • W. Wellnitz: 675 years Horneburg: 1332-2007. In search of the oldest historical traces . In: Schützenfest in der alten Freiheit Horneburg 2008 , ed. v. Bürgererschützenverein Horneburg 1384 e. V. Datteln-Horneburg 2008, pp. 121–123
  • W. Wellnitz: Well-fortified forecourt for the castle. Rights and duties of the citizens in the freedom Horneburg . In: Festschrift zum Schützenfest 1996 , Horneburg 1996, pp. 65–68
  • H. Wiebringhaus: A contribution to the settlement history of the Vestes . In: Vestisches Jahrbuch , 50, 1948, p. 14 f.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Horneburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Moritz zu Bentheim (ed.): The great bailiff of Count Friedrich von Isenberg-Altena around 1220, Rheda in Westphalia 1955. In the smaller, older bailiff of Count Friedrich von Isenberg-Altena, before 1220, ed. v. Moritz zu Bentheim, Rheda in Westphalia 1957, is also named Horneburch .
  2. ^ Atonement of October 29, 1384, State Archives, Düsseldorf. In: TJ Lacomblet: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine . Volume 3, 2nd division. Düsseldorf 1853, No. 885
  3. ^ Westphalian document book , ed. v. the Association for History and Archeology of Westphalia, Volume 7, The documents of the Cologne-Westphalia from the years 1200-1300 , edited by the Münster State Archives, Münster 1908, No. 31
  4. ^ Document of commitment of March 10, 1389 in the Ducal Arenberg Archives in the Vestische Archiv, Recklinghausen, excerpt from the estate of Theodor Esch in the Vestischen Archiv, Recklinghausen, I, sheet 186
  5. ^ Heinrich von Oer died before the end of the year 1422, cf. Collective letter from Dietrich von Oer to the Bishop of Münster and others, December 23, 1422. In: Stadtarchiv, Dortmund, Department A, Certificate No. 2144
  6. ↑ Certificate of submission from June 18, 1418, in the Ducal Arenberg Archives in the Vestische Archiv zu Recklinghausen, excerpt from the estate of Theodor Esch in the Vestischen Archiv zu Recklinghausen II, sheet 39f
  7. ↑ Document from 1410, State Archives, Münster, documents regarding Vest Recklinghausen, Repertory 131 3 , No. 32
  8. ^ H. Pennings: History of the City of Recklinghausen and its Surroundings , Volume 2. Recklinghausen 1936, p. 261 f.
  9. ^ H. Diekmann: The history of the electoral head winery at Horneburg Castle in Vest Recklinghausen with special consideration of the 18th century . In: Vestische Zeitschrift , 40, 1933, p. 26
  10. ↑ the oldest surviving income and expenditure directory of the electoral Cologne waiter's shop from 1425. In: Staatsarchiv, Münster, Vest Recklinghausen, Repertorium 131 3 , no. 50
  11. ^ Document from 1431. In: State Archives, Münster, documents relating to Vest Recklinghausen, Repertory 131 3 , No. 52
  12. ^ House Knippenburg
  13. ^ House Darl
  14. ↑ M. Lossen: The Cologne War . 2 volumes. Gotha 1882.1897
  15. ↑ cf. the payment of the executioner's wages in the Horneburg waiter's bills from the years 1588–1591, Appendix to: K. Philipp: This is how one imagines the witch in the fairy tale world . In: Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983, 88-92
  16. ^ Report from 1646, Herzogliches Arenbergisches Archiv in the Vestischen Archiv zu Recklinghausen, II G, No. 21, sheet 63
  17. ^ Appointment decree of October 22, 1658, Herzogliches Arenbergisches Archiv in the Vestischen Archiv zu Recklinghausen, II A, No. 6 1 , sheet 174ff
  18. ↑ Report of 4 December 1658 Ducal Arenbergisches archive in the archive Vestische to Recklinghausen, II A, no. 10, sheet 8f.19 v .23
  19. ↑ Document from 1665, Herzogliches Arenbergisches Archiv in the Vestische Archiv zu Recklinghausen, Department 2, Subject 83, No. 6, Fasciculum 1, Sheet 46
  20. ↑ S. Luber: The travel routes of Peter the Great 1697-1698 and 1716-1717 . In: B. Buberl, M. Dückershoff (Ed.): Palace of Knowledge. The chamber of art and curiosities of Tsar Peter the Great . Volume 1: Catalog. Munich 2003, p. 45
  21. ^ JH Gallée: Old Saxon grammar . 3. Edition. Tübingen 1993, p. 213
  22. ↑ D. Berger: Duden. Geographical names in Germany . Mannheim 1993, p. 139
  23. ↑ H. Grochtmann: History of the parish of dates from the beginning to the present . Datteln undated [1951], p. 223
  24. ^ H. Niederding: History of the former Niederstiftes Münster . Vechta 1840, p. 17
  25. ^ T. Baader: Local names of the parish of Datteln . In: Vestische Zeitschrift , 56, 1954, pp. 5-23; then reprint: Recklinghausen 1954
  26. ^ H. Pennings: An old castle complex near dates . In: Alt-Recklinghausen , 5, 1924, p. 95 f. K. Philipp: The forerunners of the Horneburg . In: Horneburg - history and stories , ed. for the 600th anniversary of Horneburg Castle by the festival committee of the Horneburg Citizens' Rifle Club in cooperation with the Recklinghausen district. Datteln-Horneburg 1983, pp. 25-29
  27. ↑ H. Wiebringhaus: A contribution to the settlement history of Vestes . In: Vestisches Jahrbuch , 50, 1948, p. 14 f.
  28. ↑ Margaretha in the dungeon . In: Horneburg - history and stories . Datteln-Horneburg 1983, p. 17. See also H. Möllers, Studies on the Origin and Meaning of the Place Name "Horneburg". In: Horneburg - history and stories . Datteln-Horneburg 1983, pp. 53-59
  29. ↑ Document from January 8, 1332. In: Vestisches Archiv, Recklinghausen, Flaesheimer Urkunden, No. 91
  30. ↑ Bernhard von Clairvaux : Liber de diligendo Deo (Book on the love of God), prologue. In: J. Leclercq, GB Winkler (ed.): Bernhard von Clairvaux . Volume 1., Innsbruck 1990, p. 74. Bernhard was formal juridical and actually Abbot of Clairvaux, but he used a rhetorical formula of humility. ERCurtius: European literature and the Latin Middle Ages . 5th edition. Bern 1965, pp. 93–95
  31. ^ The visitation report from 1630 (in the diocesan archive, Münster, Horneburg A 2) described the church as new.
  32. ↑ H. Grochtmann: History of the parish of dates from the beginning to the present . Datteln undated [1951], p. 228
  33. ↑ J. Körner, A. Weskamp: The architectural and art monuments of Westphalia . Volume 39: District of Recklinghausen and urban districts of Recklinghausen, Bottrop, Buer, Gladbeck and Osterfeld . Münster 1929, pp. 294-306