Vippach Castle
The Vippach castle that the place Schloßvippach in Thuringia gave his name, grew out of a medieval moated castle . It was demolished in 1948 on the basis of Order 209 of the Soviet Military Administration.
history
Vippach and the surrounding area belonged to the Franconian Ostergau (Ostgau) in the High Middle Ages . The first castle should have been built around 1050. Since 1095 nobles have been mentioned in documents. In 1295 there was a Hermann von Vippach. The Lords of Vippach had a checkerboard-shaped, white and red colored cube frieze in their coat of arms. Their moated castle was destroyed in the Count War , which the Thuringian nobility waged against the Wettin sovereign, in 1345. In 1347 the lords of Vippach had to give up their independence and became feudal men of the Landgraves of Thuringia . For financial reasons Otto von Vippach sold the castle and a third of the village to the city of Erfurt in 1387 . He became the town's castle captain until he moved into a new castle in his neighboring property, Markvippach, in 1389 . The next commandant of the castle was Siegfried von Kesselborn, followed by a number of other noble commanders.
The city of Erfurt wanted to secure its territorial property to the northeast with Vippach Castle and expanded it into one of the strongest moated castles. This became a walled, irregularly square complex with towers at the corners and a keep from the 14th century. In the middle of the courtyard, the Kemnate was built in 1404, a residential tower that was also intended to be the last refuge in the event of a defense. The sight of the fortified festivals is said to have been so impressive that Vippach was also nicknamed "Löwen-Vippach". In 1483, officials for the Vippach office replaced the castle captains. Around 1500 the office building was built as a gate building in the Renaissance style, then a brewery and a brewery fountain. In 1590 all buildings were given tiled roofs. At the beginning of the 17th century, a manor with an almost new castle was created by reducing the fortifications.
In 1622, during the Thirty Years' War , Duke Friedrich von Altenburg (the "Fritz with the empty pockets") broke into the Erfurt region and took his headquarters in Vippach Castle while his mercenaries plundered the Erfurt villages. When he left in 1623, he left behind a ruined castle. This was followed by the outbreak of a plague and further occupations by various troops in the 1630s and 1640s. In 1646 the complex is said to have made a ruin-like impression. In 1647 the army of the Swedish general Wrangel moved through the country and made use of it. Like the city of Erfurt, its villages, including Vippach, were forcibly subjugated by Kurmainz in 1664 and incorporated into his possession. The homage of the citizens of Schloßvippach for the new sovereign took place in the castle courtyard.
In 1700 the four corner towers were removed, new administration buildings were built for the Vippach office and the farm was intensified. In 1701 the archbishop lent lands of the castle estate "by inheritance" to 30 subjects. This community lasted until 1862. In 1815 the office of Vippach was added to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The palace complex was now roughly the same as it was before it was demolished in 1948. In 1828 the Kemnate, the former residential tower, was demolished. After the rent office moved to Großrudestedt, the castle with its large estates came into private ownership of the Collenbusch family . As the “castle property owner”, this operated the whole thing as an economic asset . In 1945, under Soviet occupation, the family was expropriated and expelled without compensation ; they went to West Germany . The castle had taken in refugees from the eastern regions, in 1948 there were almost 100 residents.
Site plan of Vippach Castle
Vippach Castle 1815, from the south
Vippach Castle 1908
Renaturation of the castle moat and island in Schloßvippach
The demolition of the castle
On April 15, 1948, the municipality of Schloßvippach received a letter from the Weimar District Council: “In accordance with order 209 (of the Soviet military administration in Germany ), permission is hereby given to demolish the following building: 1 mansion . The resulting materials are to be used for the construction of new farmsteads. ”As an argument for the demolition,“ the good building fabric ”was also given. On May 15, the demolition work began "in which every inhabitant had to participate". “During the demolition itself, one person had to work from every household in our town. Stones, stairs, beams and other materials were given to the residents. ” B. the following wording: “You are hereby requested to report to Mr. K. in the castle courtyard at 7:00 am on Monday, May 31, 1948, according to order no. 209 of the SMA. Failure to comply will be punished in the course of this order. signed The Mayor ”. Attendance lists were kept and the men and women were given numbers (up to 289). In addition to the citizens of Schloßvippach themselves, entire workforces were called in for the demolition at weekends, for example from a Reichsbahn repair shop. In the end, the keep was blown up in 1948. The books from the castle library were partly destroyed and partly taken to the waste material collection.
The castle grounds after the demolition
The area in the east of Schloßvippach became a rubbish dump and the vaults were filled with rubbish. The castle island was overgrown with wild growth of trees and bushes that silted up the moat. After 2000, extensive work was carried out on the site as a compensatory measure for the construction of the neighboring federal motorway 71 : removal of rubbish and bushes, renaturation of the castle moat with removal of 5000 cubic meters of mud and restoration of the moat with a continuous water surface, renewal of the castle bridge and structural Securing the remains of the castle wall. The castle meadow is to be reforested with new trees.
literature
- Robert Huth: The fixed castle at Vippach . In: Home book of the district of Weimar . Publisher: Der Thüringische Kreisdirektor -Jugendamt- Weimar, 1925
- Robert Huth: On the history of our castle . 6th yearbook of the Association for Local Studies in the Vieselbach district court district, 1926
- Manfred Schiller (ed.): On the history of the castle . Copies from the Heimatblatt Schloßvippach : 9 and 11/1989, 12 to 16/1990, 21 and 23/1992
- Festschrift 1200 years of Schloßvippach, 793-1993 . Compiled by Manfred Schiller and Klaus Weise, published by the men's choir, Liedertafel and the community of Schloßvippach, 1993
- Thomas Bienert: Only the bridge remained. Disappeared castles: The once magnificent castle at Schloßvippach . Thüringer Allgemeine, Sömmerdaer Allgemeine (from February 21, 2004)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Festschrift 1200 Years of Vippach Castle. 1993, p. 125
- ↑ Festschrift 1200 Years of Vippach Castle. 1993. Minutes from Mayor Friedrich Deckert from 1951: p. 52
- ↑ Manfred Schiller: Notes of the local chronicle
Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 20 ″ N , 11 ° 9 ′ 8 ″ E