Nohra (Grammetal)

Nohra Rural community of Grammetal
	Coordinates: 50 ° 57 ′ 55 ″ N , 11 ° 14 ′ 2 ″ E
Height :	315 m above sea level NHN
Area :	19.64 km²
Residents :	1653 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	84 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	December 31, 2019
Postal code :	99428
Area code :	03643, 036203 (Utzberg)
Location of Nohra in Thuringia

Nohra is a district of the rural community Grammetal in the west of the Weimarer Land district . Nohra is named for a junction of the A 4 .

Districts

In addition to the core town, Nohra also includes Ulla , Obergrunstedt and Utzberg .

history

The early settlement of the area around Nohra is documented by a Bronze Age grave field with subsequent burials. Between 1911 and 1936 excavations were carried out to the right of the road to Hopfgarten . 44 burials with additions were found.

Nohra was mentioned for the first time in a document dated November 30, 1217. As a result of the Thuringian Count War , Nohra came to the city of Erfurt in 1343 . An inscription on the tower base of the church bears witness to the church renovation in 1392. During the Saxon Fratricidal War (1445-1451) there were devastating fires in the village. Henning Göde , a confidante of Frederick the Wise and leading lawyer of his time, was solemnly received by the city of Erfurt in front of Nohra on September 3, 1516 . He fled Erfurt in 1509. When Martin Luther traveled to the Reichstag in Worms, on April 5, 1521, in Nohra, he entered territory outside the electorate for the first time. Forty men on horseback received him here, led by the rector of the university and a large number of Erfurt residents. They escorted him to Erfurt. In 1564 the church received a baptismal font that is still in use today. In 1613 the Thuringian Flood also raged in Nohra. Volckmar Leisring was ordained in Nohra on September 24, 1618. The Thirty Years War meant billeting and looting for the villages around Erfurt. In 1622 the candlesticks from the altar, the sick chalice and the baptismal font were stolen in Nohra. Shortly after 1700 the church of St. Petri was expanded.

In 1715 the cantor was reprimanded by the Erfurt ministry for having girls sing in the adjuvant choir . The church registers begin in 1736 . After the great famine , Nohra received a church bell in 1772 , which reminds of it with the following words: Germany freed from the enormous three years of inflation and terrible mortality by God's providence . In 1783 the lauter Andreas Kühn died. His tombstone is a rare example of the cause of death depicted on the tombstone.

In protest against the relocation of the military in their city in the wake of the Schokoladisten triggered student protests drew a large proportion of students from the July 19, 1792 Jena until after Nohra, the first location outside of the Principality in order here to fight for their rights. After the Weimar ministers fulfilled their demands, they moved back to Jena. The Livonian students then created a new flag that read Vivat Libertas Academica! (Long live academic freedom). They donated their old flag to the village.

In 1802 Nohra came with the Erfurt area to Prussia and between 1807 and 1813 to the French Principality of Erfurt . With the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Tonndorf office became part of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , to whose Weimar administrative district it belonged from 1850.

In 1887 a station on the Ilm Valley Railway , about 2 km from the village, was given the station name Nohra, although the station was located in the corridor of the Ulla community. Today this stop is on the Weimarer Flur, but still bears the name "Nohra (b Weimar)".

In 1892 lightning struck the church tower, destroying the tower and parts of the nave. The church received a new, distinctive tower and a new bell. In 1898/99 the school was built (today the municipal office).

On March 3, 1933, the first concentration camp of the Third Reich was set up in the building of the home school movement on the edge of the Nohra district . Today nothing at this point reminds of the concentration camp.

military

In 1916 construction began at Nohra Airport with six hangars, mainly by Russian prisoners of war. In 1919 there were twelve pilots in Nohra. With the Treaty of Versailles , the airport had to be converted in 1920/21. A machine factory was built, which at the same time, as a camouflage object, enabled further military use of the square. In 1926 a concrete runway was built. In 1928 the home school Germany was opened here, which was dedicated to adult education and organized the voluntary labor service in the region. At the same time, the paramilitary steel helmet used the area for training. After the Reichstag fire , on February 28, 1933, the formal legitimation of the fascist terror began. Over 200 Thuringian anti-fascists were interned in the home school in Germany , which was firmly in the hands of the NSDAP . In the literature it is listed as the first concentration camp in Germany. At the same time the hangars were expanded. Now the airfield became the training center of the National Socialist Air Sports Association , the forerunner of the Air Force . A little later he took over the building of the home school. On March 1, 1935, the airfield became the Weimar-Nohra air base . In 1937 the construction of the barracks in the south (hidden in a forest) began. Now the airfield was mainly used for training. During the Second World War, fighter planes with the task of air defense in Central Germany were stationed in Nohra.

On April 11, 1945, the motorway bridge near Nohra was blown up by a Wehrmacht unit to stop the approaching US troops. These reacted with concentrated tank artillery bombardment at air force soldiers in the wooded area adjacent to the motorway entrance. 19 German soldiers were killed. They lie in a communal grave in this forest.

After the surrender, the 9th Air Force of the United States Army Air Forces took over the airfield. On July 3, 1945, the 8th Guards Army was relocated to Nohra under Colonel General VI Chuikov . She fought in Stalingrad and also conquered Berlin. So Nohra became one of the most important locations of the group of Soviet armed forces in Germany . The base was completely surrounded by walls and contact with the German population was largely prohibited. The 63rd Independent Helicopter Regiment ( helicopters Mi-8 and Mi-24 ) of the 8th Guard Army of the WGT was stationed here, whose flights caused considerable psychological, particularly acoustic, impairment to the population in the surrounding areas. When the Soviet troops withdrew from Nohra in 1992, the military properties covered an area of approx. 240 hectares .

To date, around 200 buildings on the site have been demolished, and around 13 hectares of runway and helicopter parking spaces have been renatured. The Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft Thuringia has renatured part of the area and sold it to the municipality of Nohra to develop a landscape park with a special area for commercial leisure activities. Up to the summer of 2003 up to 500 ethnic German repatriates lived in three preserved buildings. The last apartment blocks were demolished in 2007. Part of the former school building has been renovated. Today there is a Montessori kindergarten and a Montessori elementary school. The barracks in the southern part has not found any new use to this day and is largely being demolished. The Bernd das Brot statue from the Erfurt fish market was found in one of their cellars in 2009 after it had been stolen twelve days earlier.

In 2008, the Nohra Airfield Association was founded in the Ulla district of Nohra . Its aim is to present the eventful history of the airfield and the barracks in a comprehensive manner. The entire former airfield area of approx. 160 hectares was completely acquired by the former municipality of Nohra in 2005 and transferred in 2013 to the Nohra Landscape Park Foundation established by the municipality of Nohra.

Incorporations

Utzberg was incorporated on December 1, 2007.

On December 31, 2019, the community of Nohra merged with other communities to form the rural community of Grammetal. The Grammetal administrative community , to which all municipalities previously belonged, was dissolved at the same time.

politics

Former councilor

The municipal council in Nohra consisted of twelve council members who were elected by proportional representation in the local elections on May 25, 2014 , and the honorary mayor as chairman.

The distribution of seats in the former municipal council:

choice	CDU	FWG Nohra	FWG Ulla	Village club	total
2014	1	4th	4th	3	12 seats

Former mayor

The last mayor of Nohra was Andreas Schiller (independent) since June 1999, who was last re-elected on June 5, 2016.

Culture and sights

Nohra Church
Gravestone with naive depiction of the cause of death, Nohra Church
Church in Ulla
Memorial plaque for De Wette in Ulla

Architectural monuments

The following objects were u. a. included in the list of monuments of the Weimarer Land district :

Church with churchyard (including a Kummer organ from 1793/94 and a neo-classical pulpit altar from 1840)
Parsonage with parsonage from 1843/44 based on plans by Clemens Wenzeslaus Coudray
Remains of the Nohra Süd barracks.

The Napoleon Stone is located on Bundesstraße 7 between Nohra and Erfurt . It is a stele that commemorates the meeting of Napoleon and Tsar Alexander in 1808 at this place (see Utzberg ).

Memorials

A mass grave with 101 prisoners of war from several nations and a memorial stone behind the cemetery in the Obergrunstedt district commemorate the victims of a death march from a subcamp of Buchenwald concentration camp in 1945

Sculptures

A statue of Lenin still stands in the abandoned area of the group of the Soviet armed forces in Germany. Due to its art-historical value, it was spared when the complex was demolished and completely renovated in 2010.

festival

From 2007 to 2016, the Sunside Festival took place every year at the end of August on the outskirts of Nohra, where mainly techno music was played.

economy

Between the districts of U lla, N ohra and O bergrunstedt, the UNO industrial park has been created since 1994 . Mainly forwarding and logistics companies, but also some medium-sized companies, have settled here.

Key companies based in Nohra:

Weimarer Wurstwaren, a large butcher shop with approx. 300 employees, formerly part of Vion NV , since 2014 a brand of Lutz Fleischwaren
Blank & Seegers KG, wholesaler for building services, approx. 200 employees
Döllken Weimar, plastics technology, approx. 120 employees
Axthelm + Zufall, shipping company, approx. 100 employees

One of Deutsche Post DHL's German freight centers is located in Nohra .

Nohra stop (2017)

religion

The Protestant Christians belong to the Nohra parish ( Katharina von Bora ) together with parishioners from Ulla, Nohra train station, Isseroda and Bechstedtstrasse . Services take place in weekly alternation in Ulla or Nohra and Bechstedtstrasse. The parish office is in Nohra.

Personalities

Volckmar Leisring (* around 1588 in Gebstedt; † 1637 in Buchfart), pastor and composer, lived and worked in Nohra for eleven years
Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette (born January 12, 1780 in Ulla, today OT von Nohra, † June 16, 1849 in Basel), one of the most influential Protestant theologians of the 19th century, founder of historical-critical biblical research. There is a memorial stone for de Wette in front of the church in Ulla.

Web links

Commons : Nohra (near Weimar) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Michael Köhler: Pagan sanctuaries. Pre-Christian places of worship and suspected cult sites in Thuringia. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-910141-85-8 , pp. 206-207.

^ Locations of the administrative district Weimar in the municipality register 1900 .

↑ See: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (Hrsg.): Der Ort des Terrors . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 2: Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. 2nd edition, unchanged reprint. CH Beck, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-67167-8 , p. 174 ff.

↑ Udo Wohlfeld: The network. The concentration camps in Thuringia 1933–1937. Documentation on the Nohra, Bad Sulza and Buchenwald camps (= Wanted. Series of publications by the Weimar-Apolda history workshop. 2). Self-published Geschichtswerkstatt Weimar / Apolda eV, Weimar 2000, ISBN 3-935275-01-3 ; Katrin Zeiss: The trail to Buchenwald. In: taz . Am weekend , February 22, 2003, pp. 1–2.

^ Weimar-Nohra airfield. History 1914–1992.

↑ Record of the 327th Fighter Control Squadron, Weimar 1945.

↑ Showcase, part 3: Crew change in Thuringia in 1945. (PDF; 322 KB).

^ Soviet troops in Germany 1945 to 1994, memorial album, Moscow edition, «Junge Garde» publishing house, 1994; ISBN 5-235-02221-1 , page 20.

↑ Christian Dietrich: The Russians village and its mortgages. In: Gerbergasse 18 , issue 65, 2012, pp. 10-16.

^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2007 .

↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 11/2019 of October 18, 2019, p. 385 ff. , Accessed on January 8, 2020

^ The Regional Returning Officer Thuringia: Municipal elections 2014, city and municipal council elections .

↑ https://leninisstillaround.com/2016/01/31/rote-nelken-fuer-lenin/

↑ Weblog of the organizers ( memento of the original from October 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2

[1] Michael Köhler: Pagan sanctuaries. Pre-Christian places of worship and suspected cult sites in Thuringia. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-910141-85-8 , pp. 206-207.

[2] Locations of the administrative district Weimar in the municipality register 1900 .

[3] See: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (Hrsg.): Der Ort des Terrors . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 2: Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. 2nd edition, unchanged reprint. CH Beck, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-67167-8 , p. 174 ff.