Office Herrenbreitungen

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The office of Herrenbreitungen was an administrative unit of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel and the Electorate of Hesse that belonged to the Schmalkalden rule . The office emerged from the "Vogtei Herrenbreitungen" of the county of Henneberg and belonged to the Landgraviate of Hesse and Hesse-Kassel from 1360 half, from 1583 completely.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The area of ​​the office was west of the central Werra in the southwest part of the Thuringian Forest in the valleys of Fambach , Truse and Farnbach. Farnbach and Werra were border rivers to the Saxony-Meiningischen Amt Frauenbreitungen. The official area is now in the southwest of the Free State of Thuringia and belongs to the districts of Schmalkalden-Meiningen and Wartburgkreis .

Adjacent administrative units were

history

The Vogtei Burgbreitungen

The "Vogtei Burgbreitungen" has been documented since 1016. There is evidence that a monastery existed in Burgbreitungen since 1049. This included the parish of Trusen with the Truse villages of Laudenbach , Elmenthal , Herges-Vogtei , Trusen and Wahles, first mentioned in 1085 . With the consecration of the newly founded Benedictine monastery , "Burgbreitungen" became " Herrenbreitungen " after 1112 .

Rule of the Lords of Frankenstein

The Protection Office of the fief of the Hersfeld Abbey located Mark Breitungen with the monasteries Frauenbreitungen and Herrenbreitungen was in the 12th century by the 1137 first mentioned Lords of Frankenstein , a branch of the counts of Henneberg , perceived. The Wallenburg , built around 1200, was used to control the Altstrasse rising from Herrenbreitungen to the Rennsteig Pass near Brotterode . When the Thuringian-Hessian War of Succession broke out (1247–1263), it was expanded by the Lords of Frankenstein. Hessles with the Nüßleshof and the part of Bairoda east of the Farnbach belonged to the Wallenburg court and castle district. The Burgvogt of the Wallenburg belonged to the service aristocracy of the Frankensteiner.

The Lords of Frankenstein divided into three lines under Ludwig I of Frankenstein's († after 1164) sons. While the protective bailiwick was awarded by the Hersfeld Abbey to the Frankensteiner line under Ludwig II of Frankenstein († after 1197) after 1216, the sideline of the Lords of Frankenberg under Gotebold V († after 1197) was given the protective bailiff via Frauenbreitungen . With the death of the last lord of Frankenberg in 1293, the Frankenstein dynasty took over the inheritance in womens spreads. Heinrich I von Frankenstein († 1295) had already transferred the bailiwick of Herrenbreitungen to Gunther von Salza , who was married to his daughter Kunigunde († before 1301) .

Due to inheritance disputes with the neighboring rulers, the rule of the Frankensteiner was shaken in 1295 by a campaign of the Roman-German King Adolf and fell into deep debt. As a result, the Thuringian Landgrave Albrecht II. With the consent of the Hersfeld abbots in 1295 handed over the Frankenberg Castle with the associated district and in 1301 the Vogtei Altenbreitungen to the Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen. In 1301 the Henneberger was enfeoffed with the Hersfeld possessions around Frauenbreitungen including the bailiwick rights over the Augustinian women's monastery by Abbot Berthold I of Hersfeld.

Passed into the possession of the Counts of Henneberg

In 1317 the Frankensteiners had to sell the first parts of the area in the Trusetal. They were able to maintain their share in the Wallenburg, but the Fulda monastery became co-owner of the castle, which has been administered by hereditary rule since then . The place Barchfeld was lent from 1318 by the Counts of Henneberg to the lords of Stein-Liebenstein zu Barchfeld , who belonged to the Frankenstein nobility . In 1330, the heavily indebted brothers Siegebodo and Ludwig von Frankenstein had to sell a large part of their estates, including their share of the Wallenburg and Todenwarth Castle , to Count Berthold VII von Henneberg-Schleusingen (Frankenstein sales letter). In 1337 the Lords of Salza also sold the Vogtei Herrenbreitungen to Berthold VII, who thus owned the fiefs of Herrenbreitungen for a short time.

After the death of Henry VIII , the son of Berthold VII, in 1347 an inheritance was divided between the widow and the brother of the deceased in the Henneberg-Schleusingen house. While the brother and new regent, Count Johann I von Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1359), u. a. the office Frankenberg with Frauenbreitungen, as well as the place Wernshausen received from the Vogtei Herrenbreitungen, got the widow Jutta nee. from Brandenburg a. a. the rest of the Bailiwick of Herrenbreitungen with the Truse villages. In a second division of the estate among three of Jutta's daughters, the Bailiwick of Herrenbreitungen came to Sophie von Henneberg († 1372) and her husband, the Nuremberg burgrave Albrecht († 1361) in 1353 .

Hennebergisch-Hessian condominium

The repurchase of the territories that came to Burgrave Albrecht by Elisabeth von Henneberg-Schleusingen, b. von Leuchtenberg († 1361), the widow of Count Johann I von Henneberg-Schleusingen, could only succeed in 1360 when Johann's maternal cousin, Landgrave Heinrich II of Hesse († 1376), contributed half of the purchase price and for this received the ideal half in the areas. This established the Hessian-Henneberg condominium over the Vogtei Herrenbreitungen, the neighboring rule Schmalkalden with the Vogtei Brotterode and half a cent of Benshausen .

During the Peasants' War there were uprisings in 1525, which were also directed against the Breit monasteries. In the course of the introduction of the Reformation around 1552, the abbot and the last monks left the Herrenbreit monastery. After 1560, Count Poppo XII began. von Henneberg († 1574) to build a residential palace from parts of the monastery, which he lived in with his wife. On August 31, 1583, Georg Ernst , the last Count of Henneberg, Landgrave Wilhelm of Hessen-Kassel and representative of Ernestine Saxony ( Wettiner ) concluded the so-called " Salzunger Treaty ". Accordingly, after the Count of Henneberg died out, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel was to receive Herrenbreitungen Castle, with the right of residence for Count Poppo's widow Sophie, and the Bailiwick of Herrenbreitungen including the Abbot Forest. The House of Saxony ( Ernestiner ) was to receive jurisdiction and hunting justice, as well as the office of Frauenbreitungen with women and elderly breeding and the wilderness from the Pless to the Rosa and Werra.

Belonging to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel

In the same year Count Georg Ernst von Henneberg-Schleusingen died and the Salzung Treaty came into force. This brought about the political separation of the Breit districts. The Bußhof came Herrenbreitungen to the Official Frauenbreitungen from the agreements by the Office.

The rule of Schmalkalden and with it the current office of Herrenbreitungen belonged to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel as an exclave . The costly court holding of Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel led in 1626 to a pledge of the Schmalkalden rule to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , which lasted until the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648. During this war, Herrenbreit Castle was damaged. After it was rebuilt, it served as a judicial office, prison and rent office in the 18th and 19th centuries .

French occupation

The Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel, whose ruler was made electoral in 1803, was incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia under Jérôme Bonaparte during the French occupation from 1807 to 1813 . The rule Schmalkalden was within the department of Werra the district Eschwege assigned and in six cantons divided. The previous office of Herrenbreitungen was divided between the cantons of Herrenbreitungen (Herrenbreitungen with Guckelshof / Wolfsberg, Wahles, Trusen, Herges-Vogtei, Elmenthal, Laudenbach, as well as the exclave of Barchfeld) and Seligenthal (Fambach with Todenwarth Castle, Hessles with Nüßleshof).

After the dissolution of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1813, the Electorate of Hesse was re-established with its previous administrative structure.

Administrative reform and dissolution in 1821

After Elector Wilhelm II of Hessen-Kassel took office , the state was divided into four provinces and 22 districts as part of the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821. The administration and jurisdiction were separated.

For managing Schmalkalden, Hallenberg, Herrenbreitungen and Brotterode was the from the previous offices district Schmalkalden formed, which the Hessian newly established province of Fulda belonged. Four justice offices (Schmalkalden, Brotterode, Herrenbreitungen and Steinbach) were set up as courts of first instance for the administration of justice.

Associated places

Villages
Castles and Palaces
Yards

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