Hessles

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Hessles
community Fambach
Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 3 ″  N , 10 ° 24 ′ 25 ″  E
Height : 321 m above sea level NN
Area : 5.39 km²
Residents : 360  (December 31, 2012)
Population density : 67 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 1, 2008
Postal code : 98597
Area code : 03683

Since December 1, 2008, Heßles has been part of the municipality of Fambach in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district in Thuringia .

geography

The place Heßles is about four kilometers as the crow flies northwest of Schmalkalden in the valley of the Fambach and extends in the east to the Great Gieselsberg ( 657.6  m above sea level ). The place is surrounded by wooded red sandstone heights . The district covers 539 hectares, of which about 400 hectares are forest.

  • Village square in Hessles

  • View over Hessles

history

The village was mentioned in a document issued on February 13, 1185 as Hesele and the Nüßles homestead , only two kilometers away , today a district of Hessles, as Neuwesesse owned by the Herrenbreitungen Monastery . The place was from 1197 in the feudal possession of the Lords of Frankenstein . With the establishment of the Wallenburg near the Trusetal by the Frankensteiners, the residents of the village of Hessles were assigned to the local court and castle district. The Burgvogt of the Wallenburg belonged to the service aristocracy of the Frankensteiner. In 1330, the deeply indebted family of the Frankenstein Counts were on the verge of decline, and most of their possessions had to be sold to the Counts of Henneberg-Schleusingen to repay their debts . This side line of the Henneberger was also in financial distress and pledged parts of their new possessions to the Landgraves of Hesse.

The castle district of the Wallenburg, which was divided from 1367 onwards, became a constant nuisance for the residents concerned, as they still had to pay their labor and taxes. The Henneberg bailiffs, who were also responsible as administrators in the Breit monastery, formally separated the Wallenburg bailiwick district from the Breit monastery bailiff district in 1416 in order to simplify the economic control of the monastery in Herrenbreiten. In 1423 the Count von Henneberg complained about the autocratic administration of the abbot von Breitungen to the Hersfeld abbot, who oversaw the monastery, and in 1436 the unyielding abbot was even threatened with excommunication. These scandalous conditions worried the population of the affected places of the monastery and castle bailiwick district for decades.

In 1450, the abbot Johannes from Breitach acquired the Nüßleshof, which had previously served the neighboring Wallenburg as a farmyard. During this time the church in Trusen was also designated as the parish church of Hessles.

The Wallenburg was besieged and taken by insurgents during the Peasants' War in April 1525. The bailiwick, regarded by the enslaved peasants as a symbol of their burdens, was burned down with all its files according to local tradition. The decline of the monastery was initiated with the abbot Erasmus , who directed the monastery from 1503 to 1536. The Reformation was introduced in the county of Henneberg while he was still alive . The Herrenbreiter monastery was dissolved under the abbot Kilian Vogel in 1552. The Hessian influence caused tensions early on in the religious question, because the Hessian landgraves, as supporters of the Reformed faith, had different views than the Lutheran counts of Henneberg. In 1537 there were religious talks in neighboring Schmalkalden, in which the reformer Martin Luther also took part, and the Schmalkaldic articles were written. First, the service in the Trusen parish church is held in the Reformed form of faith, since the place is under Hessian administration. The first Lutheran pastor of the Trusener church was Johann Debes Manikus in 1552 . In the Schmalkalder area, mining and metalworking industries flourished as early as 1500. In the region, huge amounts of charcoal were required for iron extraction and forging, so charcoalers and lumberjacks settled in the adjacent valleys of the Schmalkalde and Truse, who also appear in Hessles from 1550. The place had about eight farmsteads at that time, the population was probably well below 100 residents.

The place Hessles was characterized purely by agriculture, since the Hessles corridor consisted mainly of fields, while the surrounding forests were owned by the sovereigns - the dukes of Saxe-Coburg , Saxe-Meiningen and Saxe-Gotha . After 1800 more than 100 inhabitants were counted for the first time, around 1900 it was over 200 inhabitants. In the 1970s, the Nüßleser Grund around the Nüßleshof was expanded into a local recreation area with a campsite, company holiday home and swimming pool.

From 1993 to 1996 the once independent municipality belonged to the administrative community of Werratal . With its dissolution, Breitungen / Werra became the fulfilling municipality for Hessles. On December 1, 2008, Heßles was incorporated into the neighboring community of Fambach.

Thick larch at the Nüßleshof

In the forest, near the Nüßleshof district of Hessles, stands one of the thickest and tallest larches in Germany amidst other larches . ⊙ The in the distinctive list and old tree specimens registered European larch has an estimated age of 200-250 years. A measurement in 2014 showed a chest height of 4.76 m. The base of the trunk, just above the ground, is much thicker. At the time of the measurement, the healthy-looking, monumental tree was 48 m high.

Not far from this thick larch is another, only slightly smaller giant larch with a chest height of 3.64 m and a height of 41 m. It is likely to have a similar age as the first larch, but it makes an overall less healthy impression.

literature

  • Municipal administration Fambach (ed.): Heßles . Ortschronik, published on the occasion of the first mention in 810. Fambach 1995, p. 386 .
  • Bernd Ullrich, Stefan Kühn, Uwe Kühn: Our 500 oldest trees: Exclusively from the German Tree Archives . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8354-0376-5 , p. 139.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ StBA Area: changes from 01.01. until December 31, 2008
  2. ↑ Müller: Thüringer Wald und Randgebiet , 1977. Heßles: p. 403 ff.
  3. ^ "Thick larch near Nüßleshof" in the tree register, at www.baumkunde.de
  4. ↑ "Lärche am Nüßleshof" in "Monumentale Eichen" (other tree species) by Rainer Lippert, at www.monumentale-eichen.de
  5. ↑ "European larches in the Nüßleshof in Nüßleshof, Thuringia" in Monumental Trees, at monumentaltrees.com

Web links