Office of Brotterode

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The Amt of Brotterode was a territorial administrative unit of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel and the Electorate of Hesse , located in the Schmalkalden rule . The office emerged from the "Vogtei Brotterode" and since 1360 belonged to half of the County of Henneberg and the Landgraviate of Hesse and Hessen-Kassel, from 1583 it belonged entirely to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The Amt of Brotterode was the smallest and most northerly of the four offices of the Schmalkalden rule. His area was on the south side of the Thuringian Forest . The southern slope of the Großer Inselsberg was part of the official area. The Rennsteig , which runs directly over the ridge of the mountain, marked the border between the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha in the north and the exclave of Schmalkalden in the south, which became half Hessian in 1360 and completely Hessian in 1567 . The island water, which flows beyond Brotterode as Truse , and the cold water, which separated the place Kleinschmalkalden into a Hessian and a Thuringian part and in the lower reaches as Schmalkalde, pass the main place of rule, arise on the mountain .

Today the official area is in the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen in the Free State of Thuringia .

Adjacent historical administrative units

The area of ​​the office bordered in the north on the Amt Tenneberg (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha), in the east on the Amt Tenneberg (Duchy of Saxony-Gotha), in the south on Amt Schmalkalden (Hessian rule Schmalkalden ), in the southwest on the Amt Herrenbreitungen (also Hessian rule Schmalkalden) and in the west to the office Altenstein (Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen).

history

Belonging to the county of Henneberg

The first written mention of the place Brotterode was in 1039 as Brunwardesrot. The place was probably the seat of a bailiwick around 1360 with the Burg Brotterode , which later almost completely disappeared , which came in 1247 from the legacy of the Ludovingian Landgraves of Thuringia to Count Hermann I von Henneberg (-Coburg) († 1290) as part of the Schmalkalden lordship .

Since 1249 part of the "New Grafschaft Henneberg ", the rule of Schmalkalden and the Vogtei Brotterode came to the heiress Jutta († 1292) of Henneberg-Coburg after the line Henneberg-Coburg died out and fell to her husband, the Ascanian co-regent Margrave Otto the Tall One from Brandenburg zu Salzwedel († 1308).

Through the arranged marriage of Jutta von Brandenburg-Salzwedel († 1353), the granddaughter of Jutta von Henneberg and heiress of the New Rulership, with Henry VIII († 1347), the son of Prince Count Berthold VII. Von Henneberg-Schleusingen, the fourth part in the care of Coburg in 1312 as a dowry to the in the meantime ducal county Henneberg - Schleusingen . The Prince Count Berthold VII managed to buy the other three shares in the care of Coburg with the Schmalkalden rule by 1316.

In a land register of 1340 Brotterode is as a court location in the county Henneberg reported -Schleusingen. The district of this central court , first mentioned in 1360, included Brotterode and the part of Kleinschmalkalden located west of the Schmalkalde (first mentioned in 1465).

After the death of Prince Count Heinrich VIII in 1347, the property of the House of Henneberg-Schleusingen was divided between his widow Jutta von Brandenburg and Heinrich's younger brother Johann I († 1359), with Jutta again the "New Rule" with the rule Schmalkalden received. With Jutta's death in 1353, the New Rule was divided among her daughters. The daughter Sophie von Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1372) inherited a. a. the rule of Schmalkalden with the Cent Brotterode, which thus passed into the possession of her husband, the Nuremberg burgrave Albrecht († 1361).

Hennebergisch-Hessian condominium

The repurchase of the Schmalkalden lordship and the adjacent areas in 1360 by Elisabeth von Henneberg-Schleusingen born von Leuchtenberg († 1361), the widow of Count Johann I von Henneberg-Schleusingen, could only succeed because Johann's maternal cousin, Landgrave Heinrich II of Hesse († 1376) contributed half of the purchase price and the ideal half received from Schmalkalden and the surrounding area. This established the Hessian-Henneberg condominium of the rule Schmalkalden, the Vogtei Herrenbreitungen and the half cent of Benshausen , which lasted until 1583 . The church of Brotterode, which was under the patronage of Hennberg around 1390, belonged to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1393 the Bailiwick of Brotterode (vogetye Brungarterode) was temporarily pledged by Heinrich X. von Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1405) to Mr. Stein zu Liebenstein .

Belonging to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel

With the death of the Count Georg Ernst von Henneberg-Schleusingen in 1583, the Counts of Henneberg died out. The inheritance contract case of 1521 came into being, which ended the henberg-Hessian dual rule that had existed since 1360. The rule of Schmalkalden and with it the Amt of Brotterode belonged to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel as an exclave , which was created in 1567 from the division of the Landgraviate of Hessen .

The costly court holding of Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel led in 1626 to a pledge of the Schmalkalden rule and its offices to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , which lasted until the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648. In 1803 the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel became the Electorate of Hesse through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss .

French occupation

During the French occupation from 1807 to 1813, the area of ​​the dissolved Electorate of Hesse belonged to the Kingdom of Westphalia under Jérôme Bonaparte . The rule Schmalkalden was within the department of Werra the district Eschwege assigned and in six cantons divided. The canton of Brotterode comprised the previous office of Brotterode with the places Brotterode and Kleinschmalkalden (Hessian part) as well as the place Hohleborn from the previous office of Schmalkalden . After the dissolution of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1813, the Electorate of Hesse with its traditional administrative structure was restored.

Administrative reform and dissolution in 1821

After Elector Wilhelm II of Hessen-Kassel took office , the state was divided into four provinces and 22 districts as part of the administrative reform of the Electorate of Hesse in 1821. The administration and jurisdiction were separated. For managing Schmalkalden, Hallenberg, Herrenbreitungen and Brotterode was the from the previous offices district Schmalkalden formed, which the Hessian newly formed province of Fulda belonged. Four judicial offices were set up as courts of first instance for jurisdiction: Schmalkalden, Brotterode, Herrenbreitungen and Steinbach. From the previous Amt of Brotterode, the places Elmenthal , Herges-Vogtei and Laudenbach from the Amt Herrenbreitungen and Auwallenburg from the Amt Schmalkalden , the Justice Office Brotterode , which now functions exclusively as a lower court, was formed .

Associated places

Villages

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