Schmalkalde

	Schmalkalde
	The Schmalkalde in Schmalkalden after the snow melts
	Data
Water code	EN : 4136
location	Thuringia , Germany
River system	Weser
Drain over	Werra → Weser → North Sea
source	as Haugraben , Kalter Born on the eastern slope of the 831 m high Kalten Haide ; 50 ° 50 ′ 0 ″ N , 10 ° 30 ′ 11 ″ E
Source height	approx. 720 m above sea level NN
muzzle	At Niedermalkalden in the Werra coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 56 " N , 10 ° 21 ′ 30" E 50 ° 42 ′ 56 " N , 10 ° 21 ′ 30" E;
Mouth height	252.1 m above sea level NN
Height difference	approx. 467.9 m
Bottom slope	approx. 19 ‰
length	24.9 km
Catchment area	156.4 km²
Left tributaries	Nesselbach (2.3 km), Ickersbach (3.4 km), Tambacher Wasser (4.9 km), Flohbach (8.2 km), Steinbach (2.2 km), Stille (8.6 km), Volkers (5.5 km), Möckersbach (5.0 km)
Right tributaries	Heisterbachgraben, Ebersbach (3.9 km), Wiebach (3.5 km), Großer Steckelbach (1.9 km), Bach vom Andreasbrunnen (3.8 km), Eichelbach (2.3 km), Dippach (1.8 km) km)
Medium-sized cities	Schmalkalden (with the towns of Reichenbach , Schmalkalden, Aue , Haindorf , Mittelschmalkalden , Niederschmalkalden )
Communities	Floh-Seligenthal (with the towns of Kleinschmalkalden , Hohleborn , Seligenthal , Floh)

The Schmalkalde is an approximately 25 km long tributary of the Werra in the Thuringian district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen , which initially flows south from the south-western slope of the Thuringian Forest , in order to change its course to the west in Schmalkalden and to flow into the Werra from the right at Niederschmalkalden .

Origin of name

The Schmalkalde is said to have got its name from the roots of the words narrow - narrow valley and cold - cold water - a cold river in a (predominantly) narrow valley.

course

The Schmalkalde rises in the Haugraben (l) and Heisterbachgraben (r) source streams in the Thuringian Forest at an altitude of about 720 m on the eastern slope of the 831 m high Kalten Haide , just under three and a half kilometers southeast of the Großer Inselberg . Called the Langer Bach and Kaltes Wasser , it initially flows as a small brook in a south-south-west direction to Kleinschmalkalden .

In its upper part it was a border river for centuries and divided the place Kleinschmalkalden into the Gotha or Thuringian and the Hessian part of the Schmalkalden rule . The Schmalkalde, now bearing its final name, flows further south via Hohleborn , Seligenthal and Reichenbach to reach the core town of Schmalkalden in Weidebrunn in the north . There the spring water of the karst spring Springe flows to her . After the union with its by far largest inflow, the silence in the inner city area, it increasingly orientates itself in a westerly direction towards the Werra. Here the river passes through the Aue district and then flows into the Werra via Mittelschmalkalden and Niederschmalkalden under a sandstone spur at the Todenwarth border station .

Tributaries

The fan of the Schmalkalde is the third such larger fan system that the Werra flows into on its right-hand side from the Thuringian Forest. However, this is only about half the size of the systems of lock and hazel that open below . The Schmalkalde also represents the dominant main flow of its system, if one disregards the silence at the location of the mouth, which is only about a third less watery, while the load at the lock and hazel is distributed over several, more or less equal arms.

Below is a clockwise list from west to east, which also takes higher-order inflows into account. For an order in the flow direction of the Schmalkalde, the table must be arranged according to the river code numbers (DGKZ).

Surname	Receiving water (inflow side)	Length [km]	Catchment area [km²]	EZG / receiving water [km²]	Mouth height [m. ü. NN]	Estuarine place (in)	DGKZ
Like Bach	Schmalkalde (r)	3.5			459	Kleinschmalkalden	4136-32
Ebersbach	Schmalkalde (r)	3.9	3.2	16.0	464	Kleinschmalkalden	4136-2
Schmalkalde	Werra (r)	24.9	156.0	1484.3	252	Niedermalkalden	41-36
Ickersbach	Schmalkalde (l)	3.4			522	Oberh. Kleinschm.	4136-12
Tambach water	Schmalkalde (r)	4.9	9.2	30.9	359	Flea Seligenthal	4136-4
Flohbach	Schmalkalde (r)	8.2	20.4	43.5	345	Flea Seligenthal	4136-6
Dürrer Flohbach	Flohbach (l)	3.4			490		4136-62
Asbach	Silence	9.6	approx. 20	approx. 30	310	Schmk. - Closer silence	4136-88
silence	Schmalkalde (l)	8.6	55.0	79.9	292	Schmalkalden	4136-8

History and special features

The Schmalkalde spring is mentioned in 1330 in a sales letter issued in Schmalkalden ( Frankenstein sales letter ), where the Rennsteig appears for the first time as Rynnestig .

Already in the High Middle Ages, the Schmalkalde was of enormous economic importance as a source of power for the mines, iron and steel processing craftsmen and the cutting, paper and grinding mills located in Schmalkalden and the surrounding towns.

Until the 1970s, high water levels led to irregular flooding of the corridor and parts of the city every year.

Web links

Map of the rivers of Thuringia - PDF, 1.23 MB
Map / aerial photo of the Schmalkalde river system

literature

Between Ruhla, Bad Liebenstein and Schmalkalden (= values of our homeland . Volume 48). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1989.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d River lengths according to geopaths (kmz, 50 kB)
^ River lengths in Thuringia - State Institute for Environment and Geology.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Thuringian State Agency for the Environment (ed.): Area and waterway key figures directory and map. Jena 1998; 26 pp.
^ German Hydrological Yearbook Weser-Ems 2014. Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation, p. 114, accessed on October 4, 2017 (PDF, German, 8805 kB).
↑ ^a ^b The length of the Silence is 8.6 km across the source pond, 11.2 km across the Helmersbach and its northernmost source and 11.5 km across the Asbach.
↑ To compare the receiving waters and tributaries, the catchment area of the receiving waters when they converge is listed here.
↑ For better sortability, hyphens have been added after the receiving water code number.

Web links

Commons : Schmalkalde - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[DE_BFN-Karten-1] Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )

[Längen-2] River lengths according to geopaths (kmz, 50 kB)

[Längen-Stat-3] River lengths in Thuringia - State Institute for Environment and Geology.

[DE-TH_GKZ-4] Thuringian State Agency for the Environment (ed.): Area and waterway key figures directory and map. Jena 1998; 26 pp.

[DE-NI_GKJB-14114-5] German Hydrological Yearbook Weser-Ems 2014. Lower Saxony State Office for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation, p. 114, accessed on October 4, 2017 (PDF, German, 8805 kB).

[Stille-6] The length of the Silence is 8.6 km across the source pond, 11.2 km across the Helmersbach and its northernmost source and 11.5 km across the Asbach.

[7] To compare the receiving waters and tributaries, the catchment area of the receiving waters when they converge is listed here.

[8] For better sortability, hyphens have been added after the receiving water code number.