Office Bürgel

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The Bürgel office was a territorial administrative unit of the Ernestine duchies . It was formed in 1526 from the property of the dissolved Bürgel monastery . The office has belonged to the Ernestines since it was founded , with whom it remained after 1547. From 1572 to 1603 it belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar , from 1603 to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg , from 1672 to 1690 to the Duchy of Saxony-Jena , then again to Saxony-Weimar and from 1741 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . After the elevation of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach to the Grand Duchy in 1815, the Bürgel office experienced a territorial expansion in 1822, which means that it has been called Bürgel with Tautenburg since then .

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the associated dissolution, the office was the spatial reference point for the collection of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The Bürgel office was east of the Saale on the Saale-Elster sandstone slab between Tautenburger Wald in the north and Thuringian Holzland in the south. The rivers in the office were the Saale tributaries Gleise and the Gembdenbach . The area of ​​the Weimar office of Bürgel protruded to the south-west into the Altenburg area, only to the north-east it was connected to the Weimar area.

The official area is now in the eastern center of the Free State of Thuringia and belonged to the Saale-Holzland district . Wogau is part of the independent city of Jena .

Adjacent administrative units

Bürgel office until the Congress of Vienna in 1815

The following offices bordered the Bürgel office until 1815:

  • North: Amt Tautenburg (Electorate of Saxony, Kingdom of Saxony from 1806)
  • East: Eisenberg District Office (southern part) (1572 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, 1603 to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg, 1672–1680 and from 1707 to the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg, 1680–1707 to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenberg)
  • South: part of the district of Leuchtenburg-Orlamünde (1572 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, 1603 to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg, 1672 to the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg)
  • Southwest: Amt Roda (1572 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, 1603 to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg, 1672–1680 and from 1707 to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 1680–1707 to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenberg)
  • West: Amt Jena (1572 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, 1672 to the Duchy of Saxony-Jena, 1690 to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach , from 1741 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach)
  • Northwest: Amt Dornburg (1572 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, 1603 to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg, 1672 to the Duchy of Saxony-Jena , 1690 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, from 1741 to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach)
Bürgel office after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and the main part of the Tautenburg office was enlarged in 1822

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the main part of the Tautenburg Office, which had been ceded to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, bordered the Bürgel Office to the north. After its merger with the Bürgel Office in 1822, the Bürgel Office and Tautenburg bordered on the following administrative units:

history

Bürgel Monastery from 1188 to 1525

Thalbürgel monastery church

In the early Middle Ages, two long-distance trade routes crossed over the tracks in the area of ​​today's town of Bürgel an der Furt . At the time, there was a fortification on the Georgenberg , south of today's Bürgel old town , which was presumably dedicated to St. George . From the middle of the 16th century the current place name developed from their name Burgelin . Bürgel was first mentioned as a place on February 13, 1133. In 1234 Bürgel was mentioned as one of 24 cities in Thuringia.

At the same time that Bürgels was mentioned, the foundation of the Bürgel Monastery on February 13, 1133 by the Lusatian Margrave Heinrich von Groitzsch and his wife Bertha, which was authorized by Bishop Udo I of Thuringia . A congregatio monachorum (community of monks) was set up on the Burgeliner hereditary farm . The bailiff's rights passed to the Wettins after the margrave's death in 1135 . In the beginning, the Bürgel monastery had little agricultural property, but over the course of two centuries it developed into an important economic factor in feudal society between the Saale and the Weißer Elster . By skillfully increasing his property, whole villages came into monastic property. These included Remderoda (1308), Wallichen near Erfurt (1318), Bobeck (1325), Münchenroda (1330), Altlöbnitz (1352), Stiebritz (1358), Ziegenhain (1435) and Gerega (1451). Farmsteads and / or large parcels of land were bought in another 20 villages, including the eight villages in the Abbey northeast of Bürgel . The monastery also acquired land in Erfurt and vineyards in the Saale and Gleistal valleys.

During the late Middle Ages , the mighty monastery church marked the important position of the convent in the region. The city council of Bürgel had to take the oath of homage to the abbot of the monastery. The secular affairs of the citizens of Bürgel were settled in the cloister , it was, so to speak, the seat of government or the “king's hall” of the monastery. The Bürgel Monastery came to an end with the German Peasants' War . In 1525 the last Benedictines were expelled from Bürgel. They went to the daughter monastery in Remse near Glauchau until this was also dissolved in 1533.

Office Bürgel 1526 to 1815

As a result of the Reformation in Thuringia, the monastery was dissolved in 1526 and thus left to decay. The remains of the monastery church were made usable again as a Protestant church under the influence of Philipp Melanchton for the newly established village community. The monastic property was taken over by the Ernestine Elector of Saxony, who set up the Thalbürgel Chamber Estate from the former monastery buildings . The Freihof Gniebsdorf became the farmyard of the Kammergut Thalbürgel, the Vorwerk Kalthausen fell into disrepair after the monastery was dissolved.

The monastic rights went to the now electoral Saxon "Office Bürgel" with its seat in the monastery. The town of Bürgel with the places Gniebsdorf , Nausnitz , Taupadel , Kleinlöbichau , Gerega , Waldeck , Bobeck , Beulbar , Ilmsdorf and the manors Hetzdorf and Wogau belonged to this office . The Bürgel office shares in the town of Stiebritz, located on the left of the Saale, were acquired by the von Denstedt family in 1544, making the town completely part of the Heusdorf department .

After the Wittenberg surrender in 1547, the office of Bürgel remained with the Ernestines. When Erfurt divided the Ernestine Duchy of Saxony, the Bürgel office came to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar in 1572 and, when it was divided, to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg in 1603 . After the older Sachsen-Altenburg line died out in 1672, the Bürgel office was assigned to the Duchy of Sachsen-Weimar when the country was now divided.

The Duchy of Saxony-Weimar, which was enlarged by the attack of part of Saxony-Altenburg, was divided again in the same year, making the Bürgel office part of the Duchy of Saxony-Jena since 1672 . After this duchy had expired in 1690, the state was divided again, in which the Bürgel office was again assigned to the duchy of Saxony-Weimar. With the union of the duchies of Saxony-Weimar and Saxony-Eisenach in 1741, the Bürgel office has belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach ever since .

Office Bürgel with Tautenburg 1815 to 1850

Due to the effects of the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach was elevated to a Grand Duchy in 1815 . This was associated with a number of territorial gains, including parts of the Thuringian District of the Kingdom of Saxony . In 1822, nine places from the main part of the former Royal Saxon Tautenburg Office were affiliated to the Bürgel Office , which has since been called "Office Bürgel with Tautenburg". The bursary was since then in Frauenprießnitz , the Justice office until its repeal in 1879 in Burgel. In 1849/50, jurisdiction was separated from administration in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The patrimonial courts existing in the office were also repealed. The office Bürgel with Tautenburg came with other offices of the Weimarer Kreis to the administrative district Weimar II, which was also referred to as the II. Administrative district and in 1868 was named " Administrative District Apolda ".

The Bürgel Justice Office was established in 1850 for the jurisdiction of the canceled Bürgel and Tautenburg offices . When the Courts Constitution Act came into force on October 1, 1879, the Bürgel Justice Office was dissolved and placed under the Jena District Court .

Associated places

Places that formed the Bürgel office until 1815

Cities
Official Villages
Noble places and caskets
Monasteries, castles and palaces

In the Middle Ages there were other castles in the office, but they became desolate early on.

Places belonging to the Tautenburg Office, which were incorporated into the Bürgel Office in 1822

Villages
Castles and Palaces

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces . Jenzig-Verlag 2001, p. 75. ISBN 3-910141-43-9 .
  2. Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian cities and villages up to 1300 . Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2001, p. 17. ISBN 3-934748-58-9 .
  3. ^ Werner Mägdefrau: Thuringian cities and city federations in the Middle Ages . Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza 2002, p. 84. ISBN 3-936030-34-0 .
  4. Bürgel at www.geo.viaregia.org
  5. OV Archäologischer Wanderführer Thüringen, issue 9, Weimar 2007, Saale-Holzland-Kreis, Ost, p. 46, ISBN 978-3-937517-51-3 .
  6. The Jenaische Landesportion in the book Geography for all stands, p. 6.
  7. Bürgel and Tautenburg offices on p.78f.
  8. Bürgel at www.geo.viaregia.org
  9. Locations of the administrative district Apolda in the municipality register 1900
  10. Ministerial Announcement, the delimitation of the geographical areas of the local courts existing in the Grand Duchy from October 1, 1879 on April 24, 1879 ( Reg.Bl., p. 251 ff. ).
  11. ^ Plan for the organization of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach on the basis of the German Judicial Constitution Act of January 27, 1877. In: Landtag negotiations from 1877. First division. Exchange of correspondence between the Grand Ducal State Government and the one and twentieth ordinary Diet. Weimar 1878, pp. 751-753 ( online ).