Tautenburg castle ruins
| Tautenburg castle ruins | ||
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 Tautenburg, view from the village |
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| Creation time : | 1100 to 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | Tower, remains of the NE wing, two cross trenches | |
| Standing position : | Nobles, prince | |
| Place: | Tautenburg | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 59 '26 " N , 11 ° 42' 56" E | |
| Height: | 272 m above sea level NN | |
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The Tautenburg castle ruins are the ruins of a spur castle at 272 m above sea level. NN about eleven kilometers northeast of Jena in the middle of the Tautenburger forest on a small mountain spur , around which the municipality of the same name Tautenburg has wrapped itself in a U-shape.
history
It is often assumed that the complex was built around the middle of the 12th century as a castle of an imperial ministerial family . This is based almost exclusively on a connection, which was already asserted at the end of the 19th century, with a place named Tutenberc in the tradition of Arnold von Quedlinburg , which played a role in the history of the bailiffs of Weida . Although this cannot be completely ruled out, it appears unlikely. However, given the general development of castles in the region, it is quite possible that a castle was founded here in the middle or second half of the 12th century. This is a time in which a large number of castles were newly built or rebuilt in the central Saale valley, only the upper Lobdeburg (before 1166), Camburg Castle (from approx. 1133) and Gleißberg Castle ( Kunitzburg ) are referred to. Archaeological finds and findings that could provide information about the age of the facility are not yet available or have not been submitted, so that a decision must initially remain open.
The castle was first mentioned in a document in 1223. A foundation's confirmation document mentions the noble Tuto von Tautenburg ( Tutenberc ) and his son of the same name and his cousins ( consobrini eius ), including another Tuto von Kohren . The foundation is for the salvation of her deceased nephews Tuto and Friedrich. Tuto is obviously the leading name of the older generation and probably also gave the castle its name. However, it remains unclear in which generation the name occurs here. Tuto, first named in 1223, does not necessarily have to be the first of the family; theoretically, one, two or even several generations of older Tuto can also be the founder. So appears z. B. in the confirmation certificate of Bishop Udo von Naumburg possibly a Tuto, but there are also other readings such as Udo.
In 1227 the knight Tuto von Tautenburg is mentioned again in connection with a donation. At that time, the Tautenburg was in the hands of the Lords of Lobdeburg- Saalburg. Shortly afterwards, before 1232, it first went to the Vargula taverns as a praiseworthy anus fief . After Hartmann's death from Lobdeburg-Saalburg, the Tautenburg was enfeoffed by Emperor Friedrich II in 1243 and a branch line was named after the Tautenburg (first documented in 1244).
In 1343 the Tautenburgs had to take their castle from the Counts of Schwarzburg and in 1345 from the Wettins . The younger line of taverns based here died out in 1640. The Albertine Wettins moved in as a settled fief and used the castle as the electoral seat until 1776 ( Amt Tautenburg ). In 1780/81 the structure was torn down apart from a few remains and the stones were used for the construction of the castle and the justice and rent office in Frauenprießnitz .
Preserved building stock and dating
The complex is divided into two parts, some of which can still be seen trenches and terraces. In the southeast corner of the western, older part, a pentagonal gate tower with a crenellated crown and gate passage, which is often erroneously referred to as the donjon , has been preserved. Its chronological classification is unclear, it is mostly dated to the first half of the 13th century, which is obviously based on the first mention. A piece of wall with Opus spicatum and without lime mortar could indicate an earlier construction, but such a wall technique is still possible after 1200 and up to the middle of the 13th century. Another dating support is a small quatrefoil window, which also dates approximately to the second third of the 13th century. The gate tower could therefore also be associated with new constructions, conversions or extensions by the donor Rudolf II of Vargula after the castle was acquired in the 1230s and 40s. This also applies to the strong wall remains of a north-east wing, which is said to have housed the chapel mentioned in a building inscription from 1232 . In the west, the tower was connected to a three-storey residential building, which is said to have had oriel turrets on the north side.
literature
- Hermann Stöbe , An unknown document from Emperor Friedrich II. In: German Archive for the History of the Middle Ages, Volume 1, pp. 504-510, Böhlau Verlag, Weimar 1937, ISSN 0258-4883 .
- Michael Platen / Richard Schäfer, castles around Jena. From the Camburg to Orlamünde Castle. Writings of the Jena City Museum 26 (Jena 1978) 27–33.
- Thomas Bienert, Medieval Castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications (Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000) 208 f., ISBN 3-86134-631-1 .
- Georg Dehio , Handbook of German Art Monuments. Thuringia (2nd edition, Munich et al. 2003) 1213, ISBN 3-422-03095-6 .
- Michael Köhler, Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and prehistoric living spaces (2nd edition, Jena 2003) 276, ISBN 3-910141-56-0 , ISBN 3-910141-57-9 .
Web links
- Homepage of the place
- Tautenburg castle ruins with floor plan on the Burgenwelt.de site