Office Roßla (Saxony-Weimar)

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The Roßla office was a territorial administrative unit of the Ernestine duchies . It was formed from seven locations in 1447 and subsequently expanded to include several locations. From 1572 to 1603 the office belonged to the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar , from 1603 to 1672 to the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg , then again to Saxe-Weimar and from 1741 to the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach . After the elevation of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach to the Grand Duchy in 1815, the Roßla office was enlarged by ten Saxon-Weimar towns, including Apolda, and five royal Saxon towns.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the associated dissolution, the office was the spatial reference point for the collection of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The Roßla office was in the southeastern part of the Thuringian Basin at the transition to the Ilm-Saale-Platte . The majority of the office was located in the lower Ilm valley shortly before its confluence with the Saale . The official area is now in the northeast of the Free State of Thuringia on the state border with Saxony-Anhalt . It forms the northeastern part of the Weimarer Land district .

Adjacent administrative units

Situation up to the Congress of Vienna in 1815

In the office was the exclave Ködderitzsch with the corridor of Rannstedt, which belonged to the Electoral Saxon office Eckartsberga. The Niedertrebra exclave, which also belonged to this office, bordered on the Roßla office in the east. It was only connected to the Electorate of Saxony via the place Darnstedt, which belonged to the Electoral Saxon Office Pforta, but Darnstedt's corridor belonged to the Ernestine Office Roßla and connected its main area with the Sulza area.

Situation after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and the enlargement of the office

After the Congress of Vienna, after 1815 the expanded Roßla office bordered on the following administrative units:

history

The Roßla castle district from the 12th to the 15th century

The Niederroßla moated castle in Roßla an der Ilm was probably built in the 12th century. At this time the distinction between Ober- and Niederroßla was made. Noble Dietmar (Diethmarus) von Roßla, who was first mentioned in a document from 1119, is considered to be the builder of the castle . He came from the Franconian noble family of the Reginbodonen and was the progenitor of the lower nobility family von Roßla. Further representatives of the family were Lupf von Roßla (1191), Heinrich and Friedrich von Roßla (1221 and 1231), Ritter Wiederhold von Roßla (1241), Hugo von Roßla (1261), Hermann von Roßla (1264) and Heinrich von Roßla ( 1296). After this knight dynasty, last mentioned in a document in 1371, died out, the castle passed into the possession of the von Vitzthum , who owned it until 1447. It came first to knight Busso Vitzthum (d. 1384). His sons divided up the inheritance around 1400, which resulted in the Vitzthum zu Roßla line. Busso's son, Apel Vitzthum the Elder zu Roßla (* around 1400; † 1474), became the “fire chief of Thuringia” as a robber baron . He is made responsible for the outbreak of the Saxon Fratricidal War from 1446 to 1451, which broke out after the Altenburg partition of the Wettin lands. As a result of this war, the Vitzthums lost the castle in 1447 and Apel Vitzthum the Elder zu Roßla was expelled from the country.

The Roßla office from the 15th century to the Congress of Vienna in 1815

The Niederroßla moated castle fell to Duke Wilhelm III. of Saxony . He set up the “Roßla Office” in the castle, which consisted of an accounting and justice office for seven villages at the time. Since Duke Wilhelm III. died childless in 1482, the property passed to his nephews Ernst and Albrecht . This completed the Leipzig division in 1485 , whereby the Roßla office came to the Ernestines . It remained with these even after the Wittenberg surrender in 1547.

When Erfurt divided the Ernestine Duchy of Saxony, the Roßla office came to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar in 1572 and to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg in 1603 . During this time the Roßla office was expanded. The places Nieder- and Oberroßla, Pfiffelbach, Zottelstedt, Mattstedt, Wickerstedt, Stadt-, Berg- and Dorfsulza were subordinate to him. The Ernestine towns of Oberndorf, Sulzbach, Wormstedt, Utenbach, Stobra, Neustedt, Niederreißen, Buttstädt and Rannstedt, as well as the Albertine-Electoral Saxon towns of Eckartsberga, Thüsdorf, Pfuhlsborn, Oberreißen, Rudersdorf, Rehehausen and Darnstedt were subject to interest against the Roßla office.

After the Saxony-Altenburg line died out in 1672, the Roßla office returned to Saxony-Weimar when the state was now divided. After the death of Christian Moritz von Heßler , the manors Burgheßler and Klosterhäseler fell to the Duke of Saxe-Weimar in the Electoral Saxon office Eckartsberga and were placed under the administration of the Office Roßla by the duchy. Since the Electorate of Saxony confiscated the two estates during the Duke's lifetime, disputes arose between the Electorate and the Duchy. In 1738/39 the Weimar Duke Ernst August I had the baroque Niederroßla hunting lodge built on the grounds of the outer bailey of the Niederroßla moated castle. The castle was the judicial and accounting office. With the union of the duchies of Saxony-Weimar and Saxony-Eisenach in 1741, the Roßla office belonged to the duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . At this time, in addition to the nine original official locations, the town of Sonnendorf, which was first mentioned in 1699, the corridor of Darnstedt, the town of Rannstedt without the corridor belonging to the electoral office Eckartsberga, the sovereignty over two free courtyards in the electoral Saxon town of Niedertrebra, belonged to the office noble estate Eberstedt and the Vogtei Gebstedt with the places Gebstedt, Neustedt, Reisdorf and the homestead Schwabsdorf.

The Roßla office from 1815 until its dissolution in 1850

Due to the effects of the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach was elevated to a Grand Duchy in 1815 . This was associated with a number of territorial gains, including a. Parts of the Thuringian District of the Kingdom of Saxony . The former electoral Saxon towns of Ködderitzsch, Rannstedt (corridor), Niedertrebra with desert Eschenroda (all from the Amt Eckartsberga ) and Darnstedt (place without the corridor) (from the Amt Pforta ) were affiliated to the Amt Roßla .

From the neighboring Saxon-Weimar offices, the Roßla office received the places Flurstedt, Obertrebra, Oberndorf and Sulzbach from the Dornburg office , the Oßmannstedt from the Weimar office and most of the Heusdorf office, which was dissolved in 1818, with Heusdorf, Herressen, Nauendorf, Schöten. The city of Apolda also belonged to the official area. Stadtsulza had its own city court commissioner, which also included Berg- and Dorfsulza and Sonnendorf.

In 1849/50, jurisdiction was separated from administration in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The patrimonial courts existing in the office were also repealed. The Roßla office came with other offices in the Weimar district to the administrative district Weimar II, which was also referred to as the II administrative district and in 1868 was named " Administrative District Apolda ".

For the jurisdiction of the abolished Roßla office, the Apolda Justice Office was established, which was renamed the Apolda District Court on October 1, 1879 when the Judicial Constitution Act came into force and at the same time was subordinate to the newly established Weimar Regional Court . Due to the relocation of Niederroßla since 1850, the seat of the justice office was in the town hall of Apolda . The judicial district included all places of the former Roßla office, except Gebstedt with Schwabsdorf, Ködderitzsch and Pfiffelbach, which were subordinated to the Buttstädt Justice Office in 1850 . The district court district of Apolda was expanded in 1879 to include some places from the disbanded Justice Office Dornburg .

Associated places

Places that belonged to the Roßla office before 1815

Cities
Official Villages

Furthermore, the office had sovereignty over two courtyards in Niedertrebra, Saxony.

Villages of the Bailiwick of Gebstedt
Noble places

Places that came to the Roßla office from 1815

from other offices in the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach
  • City of Apolda (under the jurisdiction of the University of Jena)
from the Kingdom of Saxony
  • Darnstedt (place without the corridor; from the Pforta office)
  • Ködderitzsch (exclave of the Eckartsberga district)
  • Niedertrebra (exclave of the Eckartsberga district)
  • Rannstedt (only the corridor; exclave of the Eckartsberga district)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.reginhards-burgen.de/Burg%20Niederrossla.html Retrieved on November 20, 2014
  2. ↑ The Burgheßler and Klosterhäseler in the book "Geography for all Stands", p. 38
  3. ↑ Locations of the administrative district Apolda in the municipality register 1900
  4. ^ The district court district of Apolda in the digital collections of the University Library Weimar, p. 383f.
  5. ↑ Law on the ordinary regional courts of March 8, 1879 ( Reg.Bl. p. 65 ff. ) To be established in the Grand Duchy in accordance with the German Courts Constitution Act of January 27, 1877
  6. ^ Reisdorf on the Bad Sulza homepage