Niederroßla
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Niederroßla
Rural community of Ilmtal-Weinstrasse
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| Height : | 175 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 5.84 km² |
| Residents : | 1108 (December 31, 2012) |
| Population density : | 190 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 31 2013 |
| Postal code : | 99510 |
| Area code : | 03644 |
 Location of Niederroßla in the Ilmtal Wine Route
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 Partial view of the moated castle
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Niederroßla is a district of the rural community Ilmtal-Weinstrasse in the Weimarer Land district ( Thuringia ). Niederroßla is also popularly known as "Kitzelbach". Niederroßla is known for its elephant festival.
geography
Niederroßla is located northwest of the city of Apolda an der Ilm and in the arable farming area of the Thuringian Basin near the federal highway 87 .
history
The first finds from Niederroßla and its corridor date back to the Middle Stone Age , later from the Bronze Age and Iron Age . Settlement by Hermundurs has been demonstrable since the 1st century . Places such as Thorleite , Heilige Weiden and Radland (rolling down burning wheels for the solstice celebration) refer to their places of worship . Slavic graves date from later times.
It is assumed that Niederroßla was first mentioned in a certificate from Emperor Otto III. (HRR) of September 15, 996 is mentioned. Otto III. (HRR) donated the town of Roßla with all its accessories to the St. Kilian's cell in Würzburg , which was to be founded . However, it remains to be seen whether the Iocum Roßla means Niederroßla an der Ilm or Roßla near Sangerhausen ( Saxony-Anhalt ).
In the early Middle Ages there was no distinction between Nieder- and Oberroßla. This did not take place until the 12th century. Probably at the same time the Niederroßla moated castle was built in Niederroßla . A noble Dietmar von Roßla was first mentioned in a document from 1119. He came from the Franconian noble family of the Reginbodonen and can probably be considered as the builder of the moated castle.
A noble family von Roßla named itself after the noble free. After this knight dynasty, last mentioned in a document in 1371, died out, the castle passed into the possession of the von Vitzthum , who owned it until 1447. Apel Vitzthum the Elder of Roßla (* around 1400; † 1474) became the “fire chief of Thuringia” as a robber baron . He is made responsible for the outbreak of the Saxon fratricidal war from 1446 to 1451. The Vitzthums lost the castle.
By 1482, Duke Wilhelm III owned. von Sachsen , the brave , the castle and built an accounting and justice office here. Since he remained childless, the castle and the Roßla office became the property of his nephews Ernst and Albrecht . This completed the Leipzig division in 1485 , whereby Niederroßla came to the Ernestines . The place remained with these even after the Wittenberg surrender in 1547. Through the division of the Ernestine Duchy of Saxony in Erfurt , Niederroßla came to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar in 1572 . Since 1603 the place belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg . When the Saxon-Altenburg family also died out in 1672, Niederroßla came back to the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar. In 1738/39 the Weimar Duke Ernst August I had the baroque hunting lodge Niederroßla built on the floor of the outer bailey. It had a trapezoidal floor plan, two corner towers and was open to the park. Between 1779 and 1789, Goethe stayed in the castle several times. He is also said to have planted chestnut trees in the park. The castle was the judicial and accounting office. The Office Roßla existed until the administrative reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850. After that, Niederroßla belonged to the Apolda administrative district .
In addition, a considerable agricultural estate developed: from 1874 onwards, the Weimar Chamber Estate , from 1920 to 1945 a state domain . In the spring of 1945 the castle was damaged in a bomb attack. After the end of the war it was used as a mayor's office and to accommodate refugees. The US occupation from April 1945 onwards was replaced by the Red Army in early July . In 1947, by order of the Soviet military administration (order 209), the castle and servants' quarters were demolished. The building rubble was used to fill the moat around the former castle. However, through the efforts of the citizens and the community, the core castle was saved from demolition. However, the castle began to decline. In 1956 it was placed under a preservation order, and in 1966 restoration and redevelopment measures began. The castle was transformed into a cultural center. From 1991 to 1996 the focus was on the design of the outdoor area and the preservation of the remains of the half-timbered houses. On April 1, 2008 the gable end of the east wing collapsed. The reason for this is debatable. After the first security measures, the reconstruction took place, the foundation stone of which was laid on April 23, 2009 by the mayor. A plastic tube with coins, a leaflet about the moated castle, the appeal for donations, a current newspaper and a commemorative publication were embedded in the masonry.
A showcase in front of the small castle with its 57 m high keep with a pointed spire (14 m) tells - well illustrated - the story of the castle and the castle that was removed. The former moated castle with its tower that can be seen from afar is the landmark of Niederroßla. With the specified height it is the highest keep in Germany. The solid farm buildings of the former chamber estate - some with half-timbering - are well preserved. The Evangelical Church Community maintains a partnership with Meßstetten. From 1995 a large new residential area was built in Niederroßla.
On December 31, 2013 Niederroßla was incorporated into the new rural community of Ilmtal-Weinstrasse.
politics
Mayor since 1822
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coat of arms
Blazon : “In red a silver elephant, lifting the right foreleg, covered with a little shield, inside a silver two-story castle on a black, silver-bordered shield base with a hip-roofed central building with four black windows and a silver portal, two pointed-roofed flank towers, equipped with a black weather vane , as well as two black windows each. "
Declaration of the coat of arms: The silver elephant is reminiscent of the female elephant Miss Baba , who died in February 1857 while passing through under circumstances that could no longer be clarified (see Ortsneckname # examples ) and to whom the elephant festival goes back. The silver castle symbolizes the Niederroßlaer Wasserburg . The coat of arms was approved on May 25, 1993.
Culture and sights
Elephant Festival
In Niederroßla there is an elephant festival every 25 years, which goes back to a curious and sensational incident in 1857 with an elephant (see Miss Baba ). So far, elephant festivals have taken place in 1907, 1932, 1957, 1982 and 2007. The next festival is planned for 2032. An elephant has graced the town's coat of arms since the "Elephant History".
Buildings
- Niederroßla moated castle from the 13th century; on the square in front of it was the baroque palace that was demolished in 1947.
- Baroque village church from 1670 with organ (built in 1730 by Heinrich Nicolaus Trebs based on a design by Johann Gottfried Walther )
- Evangelical rectory, built in 1826 by Clemens Wenzeslaus Coudray
- Village square as the center of the place
- Water tower from 1913; from here you have a good view of the place.
societies
The most important clubs active in the area are:
- Castle and Heimatverein Niederroßla e. V., since 2004
- Folk Choir Niederroßla, since 1946 (emerged from the free singers and the male choir)
- SV Blau-Weiß Niederroßla, with sports field and home for athletes
- Niederroßla volunteer fire brigade
- Niederroßlaer Carnevals Club (NCC)
- Vocalkreis Niederroßla, since 1986 (church music ensemble)
- Youth and leisure club Niederroßla e. V., since 1996
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Christian Friedrich Polz (1714–1782), German logician and Protestant theologian
- Johann Gottlob Samuel Schwabe (1746–1835), teacher, school principal
- Traugott Leberecht Schwabe (1737–1812), councilor, court advocate and mayor of Weimar
- Johann Gottlob Töpfer (1791–1870), organist, composer and important theoretician of organ building
- Carl Christoph Göbel (1794-1851), chemist
- Ludwig Osmer Otto Saalfeld (1822–1886), camera operator , civil servant
- Arwed Emminghaus (1831–1916), co-founder of the German Society for the Rescue of Shipwrecked People
- Arno Friedrich Wilhelm Müller (1877–1942), teacher and local history researcher
- Herbert Haenert (1891–1973), medical councilor, honorary citizen
- Fritz Hermann Ehrlich (1917–1980), local history researcher
Personalities associated with the place
- Apel Vitzthum the Younger (1425–1474), territorial lord, who fought against Duke Wilhelm III. von Weimar, the possession of the Wasserburg and lost office
- Karl Dobermann (1834–1894), dog breeder and dog tax collector in the Niederroßla office
- Dorothea Mackenroth born Luther (1483-?), Sister of Martin Luther, married to the Niederroßla official clerk Paul Mackenroth
- Margarethe Kestner b. Mackenroth (*?; † April 6, 1574), daughter of Dorothea, Luther's niece, is buried in the local church.
literature
- Thomas Bienert: A building by Duke Ernst August in Niederroßla. In: Thüringer Allgemeine , 2006, (From the series: The fate of battered and extinguished noble seats. ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Niederroßla: laying of the foundation stone at the moated castle. In: Thüringische Landeszeitung , from April 24, 2009.
- ↑ Meßstetten
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2013
- ^ William Löbe: Göbel, Karl Christian Traugott Friedemann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 299.
