Oßmannstedt
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Oßmannstedt
Rural community of Ilmtal-Weinstrasse
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| Height : | 200 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 1260 |
| Incorporation : | December 31 2013 |
| Postal code : | 99510 |
| Area code : | 036462 |
 Location of Oßmannstedt in Ilmtal-Weinstrasse
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Wielandgut with dolphin fountain
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Oßmannstedt (first mentioned in 956 as Azmenstat , 1344 Atzmanstete , 1482 Asmestete , 1797 by Goethe Oßmannstädt ) is a district of the rural community of Ilmtal-Weinstrasse in the northeast of the Weimarer Land district .
geography
The village is northeast of Weimar and west of Apolda . The river Ilm flows between the villages of Oßmannstedt and Ulrichshalben .
history
Oßmannstedt was first mentioned in a document from Otto I from the year 956, which said: “King Otto I gives the Servatius monastery in Quedlinburg for his daughter Mathilde his property in Liebstedt and Oßmannstedt in Thuringia in the county of Willihelms with his servants and others Equipment."
Long before it was first mentioned, the place was the seat of a noble family who lived here in the second half of the 5th century. This is suggested by the discovery of the bones of an Ostgotin of high nobility. The excavation find indicates an alliance between Thuringian and Ostrogothic tribes. During excavations near the place, a gold clasp was found in her grave. The community had this stylized eagle, a so-called eagle fibula , depicted on a memorial stone in a facility near the outdoor pool.
From the middle of the 13th century until 1440 a sideline of the Lords of Liebstedt , the Knights of Oßmannstedt, resided in the village. In 1290 they received the castle from the king. This castle was on the left bank of the Ilm in the lower reaches of the current Wieland estate . The Ilm valley makes way for a ford here. Here the Kupferstrasse crossed the Ilm, and from the castle the road and the traffic could be well monitored and controlled.
Later the knights of Oßmannstedt had to hand over the sovereignty to the Lobedeburgers and from 1344 to the Landgraves of Thuringia . From 1440 the lords of Harras acquired the property. The property and the castle were destroyed in the Saxon Civil War in 1450 . Then the counts set up a manor. Then the gentlemen von Bünau took over the property. Heinrich von Bünau had today's manor house built and the park laid out.
From 1783 to 1795 the Illuminatist August Dietrich Graf Marschall was the owner of the casket in Oßmannstedt. Christoph Martin Wieland bought this estate and park in 1797 and managed it until 1808. It is now a Wieland memorial.
Oßmannstedt belonged to the Weimar Office until 1815 and then came to the Roßla Office , which was opened in the Apolda administrative district of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 . In 1920 the place came to the state of Thuringia.
On July 1, 1950, the previously independent municipality of Ulrichshalben was incorporated.
Until December 31, 2013, Oßmannstedt was part of the Ilmtal-Weinstraße administrative association. This was dissolved on the date mentioned, and Oßmannstedt and Ulrichshalben became independent districts of the new rural community Ilmtal-Weinstrasse .
Personalities
- The Oßmannstedter manor house and park were built in 1756–1762 by the then Prime Minister of the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, Count Heinrich von Bünau .
- Johann Christian Stark the Elder (* 1753 in Oßmannstedt; † 1811 in Jena): Professor in Jena, “pioneer of gynecology / obstetrics”, personal physician to great personalities (Weimar duke family, Goethe and Schiller family). Buried in the Johannis cemetery at the Jena Peace Church.
- The estate was later owned by the Weimar court marshal Friedrich Gotthilf von Marschall. At this time Johann Matthias Gesner (born April 9, 1691 in Roth an der Rednitz, † August 3, 1761 in Göttingen) also lived in Weimar. He was an educator, classical philologist and librarian in Weimar. Since Gesner maintained a close and friendly relationship with the court marshal, he spent his holidays on his estate in Oßmannstedt.
- Johann Jacob August Liebeskind (1758–1793); Theologian and children's book author, was a pastor in the village on 1787
- Johann Wilhelm Ritter (1776–1810), son of the Oßmannstedt court lord of the same name, pharmacist, natural scientist, 1801 discoverer of UV rays.
- From 1794 Franz Justus Frenzel (1740-1823) was pastor in Oßmannstedt, who was awarded the Cothenius Medal in 1800 as a botanist .
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- From 1797 to 1803 the Oßmannstedter Gutshof including the park was the property of the first German Shakespeare translator, the enlightener and pioneer of the German Classic in Weimar, Christoph Martin Wieland (1733-1813).
In the style of the SABINUM estate of his favorite poet Horace , Wieland named his Oßmannstedt refuge OSMANTINUM.
This is where the novels Agathodämon (1799) and Aristippus and some of his contemporaries (1800/1801) were written.
In addition to the Weimar poets and scholars Goethe , Schiller and Herder , Heinrich von Kleist , among others, stayed at the von Wieland house in Oßmannstedt.
The manor park houses the poet's grave , together with his wife and Sophie Brentano , a sister of the romantic Clemens Brentano .
- Ferdinand Gerstung came to Oßmannstedt as a pastor in 1886. It was here that his longstanding interest in beekeeping met a crowd of gifted beekeepers. Gerstung took up their experiences, thought and developed further and made scientific beekeeping his second profession until the end of his life on March 5, 1925. He discovered the laying process of the queen bee (brood nest order) as well as the division of labor of the bees and developed the theory of the fodder juice flow. The term “bees”, which stands for the coexistence of bees in the colony, was first scientifically defined by him. Together with the Taubach pastor August Ludwig , he founded the bee museum in Weimar in 1910. Finally, in 1902, both of them convened a “General German Beekeeping Day” and founded the “Reich Association for Beekeeping”. In 1907 this association merged with the "German Central Bee Association" founded in 1880 to form the "German Beekeeping Association". In the same year the "Reichs-Beekeeping Museum" was founded in Weimar. The successor was today's " German Bee Museum " in Oberweimar. One of Gerstung's most famous works is his textbook Der Bien und seine Zucht . But his newspaper Die deutsche Bienenzucht , published since 1892, also contributed significantly to the spread of his teachings. Over the years, thousands of beekeepers made a pilgrimage to Oßmannstedt during Pentecost week, where Gerstung held its famous beekeeping conferences and training courses. It was the natural scientist and philosopher Ernst Haeckel , who had fought a violent scientific dispute with Gerstung, who suggested that the Jena University grant the Oßmannstedt bee father the degree of Dr. hc to lend. Ferdinand Gerstung received this honor in 1920 on his 60th birthday. In addition to the scientific achievement of Ferdinand Gerstung, the economic one is of equal importance. The beekeeping equipment factory, intended as a livelihood for his sons, brought many Oßmannstedtern wages and bread far beyond their self-interest for decades. In 1953 Oßmannstedt included the bee in the local coat of arms and seal and repeated this after the GDR had imposed a uniform seal on all communities after the political change.
- Monika Ehrhardt (born September 18, 1947 in Oßmannstedt; actually Monika Lakomy), writer and copywriter
Attractions
The estate (or manor ) in Oßmannstedt was the residence of the Wieland family from 1797 to 1803 (in May 1803 it was sold to the Hamburg merchant Christian Johann Martin Kühne (1758–1827)). The home of the poet Wieland is now a memorial that combines a museum and a research facility and was reopened on June 25, 2005. The Wielandgut as well as the house belong to the Klassik Stiftung Weimar . There is a fountain in front of the house, the dolphin fountain on a pond. A hiking trail from Oßmannstedt along the Ilm via Denstedt , Kromsdorf and its castle complex and Tiefurt Castle to Weimar is a classic route .
traffic
The Oßmannstedt stop is on the Halle – Bebra (Thuringian Railway) line, which was opened in 1846 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Certificate No. 185. In: Theodor Sickel (Ed.): Diplomata 12: The documents Konrad I., Heinrich I. and Otto I. (Conradi I., Heinrici I. et Ottonis I. Diplomata). Hanover 1879, pp. 267–268 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
- ↑ Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 362.
- ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , pp. 197-198.
- ↑ Castle.
- ^ Johann Ernst Fabri : Geography for all estates. Part 1, Volume 4: Which contains the continuation and the resolution of the Upper Saxon Circle. Schwickert, Leipzig 1793, p. 26 f.
- ↑ Geographical overview of the Saxon-Ernestine, Schwarzburg, Reussian and adjacent lands. Perthes, Gotha 1826, p. 55 f.
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2013
