Johann Christian Stark the Elder

Johann Christian Stark the Elder

Napoleon's decree appointing Goethe , Wieland , Stark and Vogel as knights of the Legion of Honor (October 12, 1808)

Tomb at the Johannisfriedhof in Jena

Johann Christian Stark also: Starck, Starke (born January 13, 1753 in Oßmannstedt ; † January 11, 1811 in Jena ) was a German physician, councilor and personal physician to Goethe .

Life

Johann Christian Stark was the son of the landlord and judge of the care Denstedt Johann Zacharias Stark (1699-1760). He matriculated on November 29, 1773 at the University of Jena , where he received his doctorate in medicine in 1777 with the thesis De tetano ejusque speciebus praecipuis . In 1779 he became associate professor and in 1784 full professor of medicine as well as vice director of the maternity ward in Jena. In 1786 he received the title of court counselor of Saxe-Weimar and became personal physician to Duchess Anna Amalia and Duke Carl August of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach . He was also Friedrich Schiller's family doctor and treated the family of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . In 1804 he became a secret councilor and director of the maternity hospital in Jena.

He became heir, fiefdom and court lord in Leutenthal . In addition, he participated in the organizational tasks of the Jena Salana. So he was dean of the medical faculty and in the winter semester 1803 rector of the alma mater . In 1789 he became a member of the Leopoldina . In 1808 he was appointed Knight of the Legion of Honor by Napoleon for his services in caring for the wounded (together with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Christoph Martin Wieland and the Jena mayor Georg Wilhelm Vogel ).

Stark's name is associated with significant achievements in the practice-oriented teaching at the University of Jena , which he performed as the head of a hospital, a forerunner of the later medical polyclinic of the gynecological faculty, and as sub-director of the maternity hospital, which was founded in 1778 as an Accouchierhaus in Jenergasse No. 8. Two of his students were the later gynecologist Adam Elias von Siebold and the gynecologist Franz Christian Brunatti (1768-1835) who became director of the maternity hospital in Danzig, founded in 1804, which also served as teaching midwives.

From 1787, Stark was the publisher of the first obstetric gynecological journal, the archive for obstetrics, women and newborn diseases , a forward-looking health politician and teacher of a future-oriented generation of doctors.

family

In 1783, Stark married Louise Friederike Christiane Polz (1763-1832), the daughter of the theologian Christian Friedrich Polz . The marriage comes from u. a. the theologian Christian Ludwig Wilhelm Stark , the doctor Karl Wilhelm Stark and the daughter Amalie, who married the lawyer Friedrich Ortloff in Jena. The gynecologist and university professor of the same name Johann Christian Stark the Younger (1769–1837) is his nephew. Louise Stark married a Mr. Oken. Karl Wilhelm Stark's son-in-law, Friedrich Klopfleisch , was also buried in the family grave.

Works (selection)

• Diss. De tetano ejusque specibus praecipuis, Patris hist. Sect. 1. Jena 1777
• Progr. Thoughts from popular medical teaching at academies. Jena 1779
• Commentatio theoretico-practica de tetano Pars II. Jena 1781
• Commentatio med. de Universali nuperrime celebrato, adjunctaque recto opii usu in graviditate, partu et puerperio. Jena 1781
• Establishment of his clinical institute, along with a tabular overview of the weather conditions of the diseases, their causes, main coincidences, number of recovered, deceased, male and female sex, in their different ages, etc. Jena 1782
• Midwifery lessons in conversations, along with behavior and regulations for pregnant women, giving birth, childbathers and newborn children. Jena 1782
• Treatise on the little sponges, together with a translation of the Ketelaer and Slevogt by the little sponges, accompanied with necessary comments. Jena 1784
• Attempt at a true and false policy by doctors, destined for lectures. Jena 1784
• Second tabular overview of the clinical institute in Jena, regarding the sickness and weather condition from October 1782 to then 1783. Jena 1784
• Carrere, the Arzney scholarship of professor, physician of the royal house, etc. Treatise on the properties, use and effects of the nightshade or bitterfoot (Dulcamara, Solanum scandens) in the treatment of various diseases, especially lichen-like, translated from French (by Molinte) ; published with preface, additions and comments. Jena 1786
• Archive for obstetrics, women's and newborn teething problems. Jena 1787–1797, 6th vol.
• New archive for obstetrics, women's and newborn teething problems. from Jena 1798
• Excerpts from the herzogl's diary. Jena Clinical Institute. 2nd edition Jena 1788
• Biography of Johann Philipp Hagen , royal. Prussian court councilor, professor etc. Drafted and described by himself; published and annotated Jena 1794
• Handbook for the knowledge and healing of internal diseases of the human body, especially drawn from my own observations and experiences on the sickbed. Jena 1799-1800, 2nd vol.
• Progr. De oculo humano ejusque affectibus et de oculo in genere. Sectio IV. Jena 1804
• Progr. I et II de vermibus in locis insolitis repertis. Jena 1804
• Progr. I-III Historia morbi memorata digna. Particula I. Jena 1807-1808

literature

• Franz von Winckel:  Stark, Johann Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, p. 490 f.
• Volker Hesse: Johann Christian Stark the Elder Elderly (1753-1811); the doctor of Goethe and Schiller , 2004.
• Matthias Gotthilf Löschin : History of Danzig from the oldest to the most recent , Part Two, Danzig 1828.
• Alma Kreuter: German-speaking neurologists and psychiatrists: a biographical-bibliographical lexicon from the forerunners to the middle of the 20th century. KG Saur, Munich, 1996, vol. 1, p. 1399
• Georg Christoph Hamberger , Johann Georg Meusel : The learned Teutschland or lexicon of the now living German writers. Verlag Meyer, Lemgo, 5th ed., 1798, vol. 7, p. 620 ( online ); 1803, vol. 10, p. 703 ( online ); 1805, vol. 11 p. 708 ( online ); 1811, Vol. 15, p. 524 ( online );
• August Hirsch , Ernst Julius Gurlt : Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Verlag Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig, 1887, Vol. 5, p. 511, ( online )

Web links

Commons : Johann Christian Stark the Elder  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ List of members Leopoldina, Johann Christian Stark
2. ↑ Report by the Jena City Museums ( Memento of the original from January 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.