Sachsenburg Office

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The Sachsenburg office was a territorial administrative unit in the Thuringian district of the Electorate of Saxony, which was converted into a kingdom in 1806 . It belonged to the "Upper District" of the Thuringian district and was part of the Albertine secondary school principality of Saxony-Weißenfels between 1657 and 1746 . Until it was ceded to Prussia in 1815, as a Saxon office it formed the spatial reference point for the collection of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and military service .

Geographical expansion

The Sachsenburg office was on the northern edge of the Thuringian Basin . Near Sachsenburg is the almost 500 meter wide Thuringian Gate , through which the Unstrut breaks through the ridges of the Hainleite and the Schmücke . In the territory the Lossa and the Wipper flow into the Unstrut. The official area is today in the northeast of the Free State of Thuringia . While the three places Sachsenburg, Gorsleben and Etzleben belong to the Kyffhäuserkreis , the places Kannawurf, Bilzingsleben, Büchel and Griefstedt are part of the district of Sömmerda .

Adjacent administrative units

Since the middle of the 17th century, the Albertine Office of Sachsenburg bordered the following areas:

history

Different owners up to the 14th century

The bridge over the Unstrut in Sachsenburg

Due to the strategic location at the Thuringian Gate , the breakthrough of the Unstrut through the ridges of the Hainleite and the Schmücke , it was built in the 7th / 8th. Century castles to monitor the military road from Erfurt to Magdeburg . They also served to secure access to the central Thuringian basin . In the 12th century the "Hakenburg", which was also called " Lower Sachsenburg ", was built on the Wächterberg . Count Otto von Orlamünde is mentioned as the earliest owner of the castle and the area around 1064 . At the foot of the mountain, Sachsenburg was first mentioned in 1132 on the left bank of the Unstrut. The residents of the village of Sachsenburg were called the “pass men” in olden times because they were responsible for guarding the pass and for escorting the sovereigns and collecting customs. The area around the Thuringian Gate belonged to the Counts of Orlamünde until the middle of the 11th century . However, since 1180 at the latest, the Ludovingian landgraves of Thuringia were rulers of the territory. After the death of the last Ludowingian Landgrave Heinrich Raspe in 1247, Count Siegfried von Anhalt (r. 1252–1298) occupied the Palatinate County of Saxony . He must also have taken the castle. To strengthen it, he had the Upper Sachsenburg built in the second half of the 13th century . In 1316, when Sophia von Anhalt married Dietrich von Hohnstein , the Sachsenburg came to the Counts of Hohnstein . In 1319 a distinction was first made between the upper and lower castle. After a feud, the Counts of Hohnstein had to recognize the feudal sovereignty of Landgrave Friedrich I of Meißen (r. 1291-1323). The castle also came to the Counts of Beichlingen through marriage in 1335 . After the death of Count Hermann von Beichlingen in 1378, his wife Adelheid lived in the upper castle until her death in 1405. Hermann's brother inherited the lower castle, who sold it in 1407 to the Wettin landgrave of Thuringia.

Wettin rule

From 1407 the Lower Sachsenburg was owned by the Landgraves of Thuringia and Dukes of Saxony . Since then it has served as the seat of the Sachsenburg office with the places Sachsenburg, Büchel, Etzleben, Gorsleben, Griefstedt and Bilzingsleben. Later, Kannawurf also belonged to the official area.

In contrast to the lower castle, the upper castle remained outside the administrative district and was lent to the von Hausen family in 1441. In 1539, the Albertine Duke Georg of Saxony enfeoffed the von Bendeleben family , who lived in Kannawurf, with the upper castle, which they lived in until the Thirty Years War . It remained in the possession of the von Bendeleben family until it died out in 1825.

The lower castle was pledged several times by the indebted Thuringian landgraves and Saxon dukes. The Sachsenburg office passed from the Counts of Beichlingen to the Wettins in 1408 and has belonged to the Albertines since the partition of Leipzig in 1485 . After the Wittenberg surrender in 1547, the Sachsenburg office was part of the Albertine Electorate of Saxony . 1554 Albertine elector entered August in Naumburg contract the Office Sachsenburg u. a. together with the neighboring Oldisleben office to the Ernestines .

As a result of the Grumbachian Handel after the Reich execution against the Ernestine Duke Johann Friedrich II. , The Sachsenburg office returned to the Albertinian line in 1567 together with the Weida , Arnshaugk and Ziegenrück offices as security (pledge) for the payment of war debts and was referred to as an "underwriting office" . In 1660, the Albertines inherited and peculiarly assumed the positions of insured person. Since then, the Sachsenburg office has belonged to the "Upper District" of the Thuringian District in the Electorate of Saxony.

From 1657 to 1746 the Office Sachsenburg for Albertine belonged Sekundogenitur -Fürstentum Saxe-Weissenfels . In contrast to the other offices of the Thuringian district, the Duke of Saxony-Weißenfels also had the written seats . After the Sachsen-Weißenfels branch line had expired, the Sachsenburg office fell back to the main Albertine line in 1746. The lower castle was the official seat of the electoral prince until 1802. With the relocation of the official seat to the city, the complex lost its importance and was given up. With the appointment of the Electorate of Saxony to the Kingdom , the office belonged to the Kingdom of Saxony from 1806 .

Assignment to Prussia

At the Congress of Vienna in 1815 the Kingdom of Saxony ceded territory to the Kingdom of Prussia . a. concerned the entire Thuringian district with its offices. From 1816, the Sachsenburg office belonged to the newly founded Eckartsberga district in the Prussian administrative district of Merseburg in the province of Saxony - originally intended to be integrated into the Weißensee district of the Erfurt administrative district . Later the official seat was moved from Sachsenburg to Heldrungen .

Associated places

Villages
Castles and Palaces

Officials

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article about the Thuringian Gate ( Memento from October 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ History of the Saxon castles on the homepage of the Sachsenburg Association
  3. ^ Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , p. 244.
  4. ↑ Description of the Sachsenburg location ( memento from August 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on the Thuringian Gate homepage
  5. ^ The Naumburg Treaty in the chronicle of the city of Langensalza in Thuringia, pp. 207f.
  6. ^ The Naumburg Treaty in the book "General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts in Alphabetical Order", p. 289
  7. ↑ Offices in today's Kyffhäuserkreis on www.genealogie.net
  8. ^ The Sachsenburg Office in the State Archive of Saxony-Anhalt
  9. ^ History of the Saxon castles on www.blaues-band.de
  10. ↑ Places of the Prussian district Eckartsberga in the municipality register 1900
  11. ^ Die Untere Sachsenburg ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) at www.dickemauern.de

Web links