Weida Office

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The Weida office was a territorial administrative unit in the Neustädter Kreis of the Electorate of Saxony, which was converted into a kingdom in 1806 . Between 1657 and 1718 belonged Office for Albertine Sekundogenitur -Fürstentum Saxe-Zeitz .

Until it was ceded to Prussia in 1815 and incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1816, as a Saxon office it was the spatial reference point for the collection of sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and military service .

Geographical expansion

The Weida office was located in the Thuringian Vogtland on the lower reaches of the Weida and its confluence with the White Elster . Two cities and six exclaves belonged to the official area. The Mildenfurth office in the northeast was surrounded on three sides by the Weida area.

The official area is now largely in the Greiz district in the southeast of the Free State of Thuringia . Some places in the west of the office are today in the Saale-Orla district , some places in the north belong to the city of Gera . The Wolframsdorf-Walddorf-Stöcken exclave in the east of the district is now in the Zwickau district in the Free State of Saxony .

Adjacent administrative units

The Mildenfurth office, located in the northeast of the office, was enclosed on three sides by the Weidaer official area.

Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg (western district) Principality of Reuss younger line (Gera) and Electoral Saxon Office Borna or later Office Zwickau (exclave Ziegenhierdsches Ländchen ) Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg (Eastern District)
Arnshaugk Office Neighboring communities Zwickau Office
Principality of Reuss Younger Line (Schleiz) Principality of Reuss younger line (Triebes) and Principality of Reuss older line (Zeulenroda) Principality of Reuss older line (Greiz)

history

Early history

During the migration period , the Germanic peoples largely left the region around Weida and were replaced by Slavs . Then around the year 1000 German settlers came to the area. They cleared forests and farmed fields. The Roman-German Emperor appointed Vögte (Ministeriale) as administrators of his domains.

Bailiff von Weida

The ministerial family of the Vögte von Weida probably moved from Thuringia to the area of ​​the middle and upper White Elster before the middle of the 12th century . The first Vogt Erkenbert I came to Veitsberg ( Wünschendorf / Elster ). His son Erkenbert II began building the old town castle, which is said to have stood around the site of the Freihaus on the Wieden. A market town was created under their protection. Then in the years 1163 to 1193 Vogt Heinrich I built the later Osterburg on the hill to the left of the Weida in the gusset at the mouth of the Auma . From her, the building of a larger rule around the castle and the control of the river crossings of the streets took place. This fortress Osterburg was then also the headquarters of the bailiffs of Weida until 1427, which is why the city is also called the "cradle of the Vogtland". As early as 1209, the market settlement Weida was named a city (civitas) in a document ; This makes Weida the oldest town in the Thuringian Vogtland.

The bailiff's title, which has been held since 1209, can probably be traced back to the bailiff's rights of the extensive holdings of the Quedlinburg monastery in and around Gera . The bailiffs quickly rose to the rank of lordship , and Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian confirmed them in 1329 to be of the same rank as a prince. Several times they were active as Reichslandrichter in Egerland and Pleißenland . The line of the Weida bailiffs ended in 1531.

Electorate and Duchy of Saxony

Above all, under Emperor Charles IV , the bailiffs began to decline in power. As a result of the Vogtland War , the area came under the feudal rule of the Wettins in 1354 . In the period from 1410 to 1427, the area fell to the Wettin Margraves of Meissen .

When Leipzig was divided in 1485, the Weida office came to the Ernestine line of the Wettins. After the defeat of the Ernestines in the Schmalkaldic War in 1547, it initially remained under the rule of the Duchy of Saxony of the Ernestines. In 1567, as a result of the Grumbachian Handel, after the execution of the Reich against Duke Johann Friedrich II, who had been put into eight , it came to the Albertinian line as security (pledge) and was called an "underwritten office" .

In 1660 the office was completely ceded to them and since then has formed the Neustadt district of the Electorate of Saxony with the offices of Arnshaugk , Mildenfurth and Ziegenrück . Between 1657 and 1718 the Neustadt district and its four offices belonged to Sekundogenitur -Fürstentum Saxe-Zeitz .

In 1788 the seat of the neighboring Mildenfurth office was relocated to Weida , from where both offices were administered jointly from now on.

Prussia or Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

As a result of the defeat of the Kingdom of Saxony , the Congress of Vienna in 1815 decided to assign territories to the Kingdom of Prussia . a. initially affected the entire Neustädter Kreis with its four offices.

However, since the Kingdom of Prussia had undertaken in Art. 37 of the Congress Act to cede to the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach areas bordering or neighboring areas with at least 50,000 inhabitants to his Principality of Weimar, Prussia and Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach reached an agreement in separate negotiations the assignment (among others) of the eastern parts of the Neustädter Kreis, so that only a remainder, i.e. H. the western parts of the offices of Ziegenrück (with Ziegenrück and the Saale crossings) and Arnshaugk (with the area around Ranis and the exclave of Kamsdorf ) remained with Prussia. So the territory of the offices of Arnshaugk (larger eastern part) with Ziegenrück (smaller eastern part), Weida and Mildenfurth came to the Grand Duchy, where it was also known as the "Neustädter Kreis" and formed the southeast of the three large parts of the country. Its area was just under 629 km² (1895: 52,016 inhabitants). The largest cities were Neustadt / Orla Triptis , Auma , Weida and Berga / Elster as well as the exclaves Russdorf , Teichwolframsdorf and Förthen .

In 1845 the three exclave towns of Stöcken , Walddorf and Wolframsdorf (Waldhäuser) came from the Weida Office of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach to the Kingdom of Saxony and were incorporated into the Zwickau Office .

Successor to the Weida office

In 1868, the Neustadt an der Orla administrative district was formed in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach from the Neustädter Kreis . In the Free State of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (1918–1920) the Neustadt an der Orla administrative district also remained a territorial unit.

After the formation of the state of Thuringia in 1920, the Neustadt an der Orla administrative district was dissolved and assigned to the Gera , Greiz , Jena-Roda and Schleiz districts .

In the course of the administrative reform of 1952, the Pößneck district was formed, which was based on the historical model of the Neustadt district. However, the district seat has now been moved to the attached Pößneck . The city of Weida and its surrounding area, however, belonged to the Gera-Land district in the Gera district after 1952 .

In 1994 the administrative unit, now known as the Pößneck district, was dissolved and merged into the Saale-Orla district . Today, areas from the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (western part of the Neustadt district), Prussia (Ziegenrück district), Saxony-Meiningen (Pößneck) and the Reussian principalities ( Schleiz and Lobenstein ) are united there. Most of the area of ​​the former Weida office came after 1990 to the districts of Gera-Land and Greiz , which became part of the new district of Greiz after 1994 .

Associated places

Cities
Villages
Villages (exclaves)
Other property

In the Weida office there were a few mills, of which u. a. be mentioned:

  • The castle mill once stood below the Osterburg and was first mentioned in a document in 1385.
  • The Rothenmühle was also mentioned for the first time in 1385.
  • The Katschmühle on the Weida River (1484–1485) was built as a grinding, malt and oil mill.
  • The Weida office maintained the gate mill on the Weida river from 1446 to 1618 with tenants. The mill ditch system of the mill with the Katschmühle was reportedly a work of art.
  • The sand or fulling mill was in the old town of Weida on the Weida river. She was dependent on the gate mill because she mainly worked with cloth and leather.
  • The Matthew mill on Weidafluß in Weidaer Town was like the city in 1209 first mentioned.
  • The Weida paper mill on the Weida River was built in 1569–1570 and burned down in 1851. In 1592 the paper was brought to the traders in Leipzig.

Bailiffs

u. a.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Günter Steiniger: Mühlen im Weidatal Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, 2010, ISBN 978-3-934748-59-0 , pp. 197-220.

Web links