Kamsdorf
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Kamsdorf
Municipality Unterwellenborn
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| Height : | 320 m | |
| Area : | 6.92 km² | |
| Residents : | 2653 (December 31, 2016) | |
| Population density : | 383 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | 6th July 2018 | |
| Postal code : | 07333 (formerly 07334) | |
| Area code : | 03671 | |
Location of Kamsdorf in Thuringia |
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Kamsdorf is a district of the municipality Unterwellenborn in the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt in Thuringia .
geography
Kamsdorf is located on the eastern edge of the Thuringian Slate Mountains. The district town of Saalfeld / Saale is approx. 8 km away. Only a few kilometers away is the recreational area of the Hohenwartestausees .
Neighboring places
Neighboring communities are Unterwellenborn in the north, its districts Könitz in the east and Goßwitz in the southeast, Kaulsdorf in the south, and the city of Saalfeld in the west.
Local division
Kamsdorf is divided into two districts:
climate
Kamsdorf has a continental character and is located in the region of the Central German mountain and hill country climate.
history
Kamsdorf has been rural since it was founded in the 14th century. The Slavic immigrants, consisting of farmers, ranchers, fishermen, beekeepers and hunters, founded the place on an open land near the Red Mountain, where they found excellent conditions. The original form of cultivation was the block corridor, the fields were essentially cultivated jointly. The important son of the town was the mining pioneer and inventor of coal washing , Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Lindig , who was born in 1779 .
Mining
The most important industry over the centuries has been mining. Ores were processed in Kamsdorf as early as the Bronze Age, as archaeological finds prove. The mining industry was first mentioned in the 15th century with the “Neidhammel” mine. Underground mining ceased in the 1960s. First of all, copper ore and silver-bearing pale ore as well as iron ore were mined. Most recently, Zechstein limestone was mined as an aggregate for the metallurgical industry. Limestone and greywacke are still extracted as gravel in the large open-cast mine in Kamsdorf.
Foundation of the place and naming
Kleinkamsdorf appears for the first time in records in 1349 as "minori Kamsdorf" in the loan book of Friedrich des Strengen: "Item Theodericus, Giselbertus et Heinricus fratres dicti Butener molendinum ante civitatem Salvelt [...], item advocaciam super bonis suis in minori Kamsdorf". The place Großkamsdorf can be found in 1381 in a Schwarzburg document as "great Kampstorff". The area around Kamsdorf was probably settled as early as the Paleolithic around 80,000 years ago, which is proven by older archaeological finds. From the 6th century on, the Sorbs settled in the area and settled down. As usual, the settlement was built as a street village and divided into hooves. The founding of Großkamsdorf can be traced back to the homeless local farmer's sons and some immigrants. In order to distinguish between the places in their names, the prefix “small” or “few” was put in front of the old place name, as was customary at the time. This is how the names Kleinkamsdorf and Wenigenkamsdorf came about. The name "Kamsdorf" is derived from the Slavic "came (en)", which means something like "stone" or "stony".
Ownership and wars in the Middle Ages
Since Klein- and Großkamsdorf have always been closely connected to Ranis , they have been regarded as part of the property administered and ruled from there since the 12th century. Around 1418, both places began to break away from a relatively closed administrative district together with Goßwitz and became an exclave . They became part of the Wettin care (office) Ranis . In 1465 Heinrich von Brandenstein got the office of Ranis from his brother-in-law, Duke Wilhelm III. given.
- Peasants' War 1524–1525
Even if no specific written records can be found, it can still be assumed that the farmers from Kamsdorf also took part in the battles of the Peasants' War . The ever higher living standards of the lords as well as the real division practiced in Thuringia made it almost impossible for the farmers to pay off the steadily increasing interest and compulsory obligations. Martin Luther brought further explosive material with his memorandum “ On the freedom of a Christian ”. The main focus of the uprising in the area was between Saalfeld and Neustadt / Orla . On April 28, 1525, the Benedictine monastery in Saalfeld was stormed and looted. After the uprising was brutally suppressed, each village involved had to pay a fine of 10 guilders per house.
- Schmalkaldic War 1546–1547
The Schmalkaldic War was the first religious war between the old, all-encompassing Catholic teaching and the new creed. This was also based on the old contrast between imperial power and the striving for independence of the individual sovereigns. The fighting lasted two years and in the end there was no real winner. Lutherans and Catholics should from now on live side by side on an equal footing. The sovereign determined the religion of his subjects. The feudal lord Ewalt von Brandenstein fought on the side of the Lutherans together with 13 farmers from Kleinkamsdorf who had been assigned to the military.
- Changing affiliation
In 1548 the Kamsdorf farmers complained to the Ernestine Duke about their court lord and landlord, Ewalt von Brandenstein, and their social situation, "They would have a mile and a quarter to Fronacker, if they failed to do so they would be punished." The dispute culminated in the fact that the peasants wanted to evade the obligation to their landlords, otherwise they threatened to emigrate. In the process they were called "rebellious subjects" and lost accordingly. If you look up the entries in the register from 1583, only 3 of the nine peasant family names mentioned between 1531 and 1548 can actually be found. Due to their disobedience and the increasing indebtedness of the von Brandensteins, the Breitenbauchs moved into the castle in 1572 . After there was no improvement in the situation among them either, in 1574 they were confiscated to the Arnshaugk office and thus to Electoral Saxony .
- Thirty Years War 1618–1648
The Thirty Years War was initially a struggle between the Protestant and Catholic princely parties of Germany. As in the Schmalkaldic War, it was also about questions of politics, about imperial power and the independence of the princes. In 1629, the war also came to the towns of Groß- and Kleinkamsdorf and Goßwitz in Electoral Saxony. The loyal behavior of the Electorate of Saxony towards the Kaiser did not help them either. “From August 18 to 20, 1629 ... 9 companies of Aldringersche Reiter and 1 company of infantry did bad things. They had around 2,000 horses with them. They threshed the grain, gave some of it to the horses and scattered what they couldn't bring with them into the dung puddles. ”By billeting them for three days and then destroying the harvest, the farmers were finally on the verge of existence. Not everyone watched these crimes helplessly. A Großkamsdorfer farmer resisted the attackers, who, however, "fell down after a current dispute with Aldringers and died soon after" . The year 1640 marked the climax for the suffering of the population of the area of Amt Arnshaugk and the rule of Ranis. “Almost the entire imperial and Swedish armed forces with their entourage (130,000 - 140,000 men) faced each other near Saalfeld. The sources (chronicle of the city of Saalfeld) speak of 42,000 imperials who arrived on April 26, 1640 with 104 regiments under Piccolomini's command, and of 22 brigades of Swedish troops with about 38,000 - 40,000 men under the leadership of General Baner ”. The imperial troops entrenched themselves more after the Wittmannsgereuther and Arnsgereuther Tale, while the Swedes camped on the Red Mountain from May 11th. In the period from June 1st to 3rd, the Swedish troops moved with their entourage via Kleinkamsdorf, Großkamsdorf, Könitz, Ranis, Pößneck , Neustadt and Jena to Erfurt . When they withdrew, the troops almost completely destroyed these places. “In Kleinkamsdorf, half of all farms and small houses have been torn down and taken away from buildings so that not the slightest brick wall has remained. Of the rest of the goods there was only a shelter for the rest of the residents. It was similar in the nearby villages. ”In the years that followed, there were repeated marches, combined with billeting and looting. The war was only ended in 1648, with the Peace of Westphalia , and the depopulated and devastated region was able to recover.
- Reconstruction and reassignment
From then on, far-reaching village renovations took place, especially in the administration and jurisdiction. The "Community of Articul zu Grossen Camsdorff" from 1698 contained 19 articles that were intended to regulate the relationships between the villagers. Specific sentences and threats were issued if they did not comply. In 1657 the Duchy of Saxony-Zeitz was established , which took over the office of Arnshaugk with the exclave of Kamsdorf. After the death of Duke Moritz Wilhelm in 1718, the principality reverted to Electoral Saxony.
- Seven Years War 1756–1763
During the time of the Seven Years' War , Kamsdorf was not spared from clashes, troop marches and billeting. Constant deliveries of food and money to the military and billeting led to the price of food rising enormously and the population being completely impoverished. After the peace was concluded, a peace festival was celebrated on March 21, 1763 in the places of the Electorate of Saxony.
- Napoleonic Wars 1806–1815
In 1806 Kamsdorf was hit by the war again . On October 10, 14,000 French met only 9,000 Prussian and Saxon soldiers in the battle near Saalfeld . After about 1700 of them, including the commander Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia , had fallen, the Prussians had to retreat. In the following years, Kamsdorf suffered greatly from the French occupation. There were billeting, clamping services had to be performed, grain, cattle and fodder were delivered to the army.
After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Kamsdorf passed into the possession of the Kingdom of Prussia as an exclave , including parts of the principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (in the east, south and west) and the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen (in the north) , which quickly attracted great interest announced the local ore deposits.
The First World War 1914–1918
On August 1, 1914, the First World War began for Kamsdorf , and here too it had far-reaching consequences. All men fit for war were drafted. After the initial wave of national enthusiasm, the war situation forced the population to drastically restrict all situations in 1915. Food and durables have been rationalized. There were bread, butter, meat, sugar and clothing cards.
Since almost all male workers fought at the front, women were increasingly employed in industry and other areas since 1916. There was also a lack of qualified workers in the Maxhütte in Unterwellenborn . The prisoners of war, mostly of French and Russian origin, were used in the rolling mill. A monument next to the church in Kleinkamsdorf today commemorates the local war victims. After the November Revolution, the district of Kamsdorf emerged in the district of Ziegenrück , which consisted of Groß- and Kleinkamsdorf as well as Goßwitz and Kaulsdorf, which was part of the Kingdom of Bavaria until 1866.
The Second World War 1939–1945
During the Second World War , too , men from Kamsdorf were recalled to the front. Prisoners of war were brought to Kamsdorf every day to do the field work. School children had to collect medicinal herbs, women had to clear the surrounding fields of vermin. 1551 forced laborers , mainly from Poland and the Soviet Union , had to do forced labor for a special building staff of the Todt organization in the pits of the Maximilianshütte Unterwellenborn and in the expansion tunnels of the REIMAHG . A memorial stone in the community cemetery today commemorates twelve victims of forced labor. The first bomb fell in the garden of the then bakery and tore a huge crater in the property. Another bombing took place near the former youth village. As eyewitnesses report, a flak unit was then stationed at the site. Will-o'-the-wisps, presumably powered by oil, were set up on the Red Mountain to distract pilots from the Maxhütte. On April 11, 1945, the Volkssturm was armed in Kamsdorf. 150 older men and children were supposed to stop the US troops coming from the direction of Kaulsdorf, which turned out to be impossible. Two days later, the Volkssturm units were disbanded and the remaining 100 or so men were taken prisoners of war near Schleiz . On April 14, the US troops entered Kamsdorf, many families had to leave their homes to accommodate them, and all weapons were taken from the population. At the beginning of July 1945 the US soldiers withdrew and the Red Army occupied Kamsdorf.
From 1945 until today
With the incorporation of the administrative district of Erfurt into the state of Thuringia , both parts of Kamsdorf changed nationality in 1945 and also joined the district of Saalfeld. On July 1, 1950, the two present-day districts were merged to Kamsdorf, after the creation of the districts in 1952, they were assigned to the Gera district . Since the re-establishment of the Free State of Thuringia in 1990, Kamsdorf has been part of it. The first democratic election of the local council took place on May 6, 1990, and in 1994 it was assigned to the new district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt as part of the comprehensive district reform of 1994 . The first direct election of the mayor followed on June 12, 1994 .
In 1999 there was a big festival week to mark the 650th anniversary of the Kleinkamsdorf district.
On July 6, 2018, Kamsdorf was incorporated into the Unterwellenborn community.
religion
There are no records of the first church building in Kamsdorf, but it can be assumed that there was a church in Kleinkamsdorf before the Reformation. Around 1500 Groß- and Kleinkamsdorf as well as Goßwitz belonged to the parish "Wellenborn", this to the deanship Remda , which was subordinate to the archdeaconate Erfurt, which in turn belonged to the area of the archdiocese of Mainz. They were looked after by a vicar from the Unterwellenborn parish.
The transition to Evangelical Lutheran teaching took place through three Reformation church visits :
- Not much is known about the first church visit, except that it took place in 1527 and Ewalt von Brandenstein was instrumental in it.
- The second church visitation took place in 1529, during which the parish Unterwellenborn was reformed. The three congregations received a clergyman and were given the task of providing for his own maintenance.
- The third and last church visitation began from 1533 to 1536. The three parishes were separated from the Wellenborn parish, so that Großkamsdorf operated an independent church play from 1534.
The first Protestant pastor was Matthias Rockenfuß, who was appointed to Kamsdorf in 1534 and carried out his office until 1546. His successor was Hoseas Aquila, who led the church until 1596. He died of the plague on September 7, 1597.
During the Thirty Years War, the church buildings and the rectory were looted and destroyed by soldiers. A parish register from 1644 describes: “The old parish priest Hauß was completely ruined in the Saalfeld camp in 1640 and was fundamentally ruined.” The churches of Kamsdorf were without any inventory, not even the most necessary utensils for carrying out the worship service were available. The Kleinkamsdorfer tried to repair the church again, in 1663 all three churches as well as the parish and school house were completely renovated.
After the transfer of the Kamsdorf exclave in 1815, it became difficult for the pastor at the time. Politically Kamsdorf belonged to Prussia, ecclesiastically still to Saalfeld. On October 10, 1835, it was agreed to transfer the ecclesiastical sovereignty to Prussia. On May 12, 1939, the Kleinkamsdorf church was almost completely destroyed by a lightning strike. Due to the Second World War, the reconstruction was delayed until 1952. On October 10, 1953, the inauguration could be celebrated. On June 25, 2006 it was consecrated in the name of St. Martin von Tours by Ms. Marita Krüger .
The parish today belongs to the superintendent of Saalfeld / Rudolstadt of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Thuringia , based in Eisenach . The chairwoman of the parish has been Pastor Katarina Schubert since October 3rd, 2010.
Population numbers
| year | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| Residents | 3132 | 3156 | 3119 | 3088 | 3081 | 3040 | 2991 | 2995 | 3024 | 2988 | 2961 | 2953 | 2999 | 2899 | 2891 | 2885 | 2854 | 2710 | 2703 | 2705 | 2676 | 2657 | 2653 |
Before the fall of the Wall, Kamsdorf was one of the largest rural communities in the Gera district. Even after reunification, the population remained relatively constant and even increased until 1995 due to immigration from the larger surrounding cities. A quiet location, the very high reputation of Kamsdorf and the rapidly advancing expansion and new construction of the infrastructure were the main attractions. After that, the population stagnated and remained constant (and regionally comparatively high) at around 3,000 inhabitants. It has been falling again since 2007.
politics
Former councilor
The local council from Kamsdorf consisted of 14 councilors. The local elections on June 7, 2009 produced the following results:
| Election to the local council | number | percent | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eligible voters | 2,450 | 100.0 | 14th |
| Voters | 1,218 | 49.7 | |
| Invalid ballot | 51 | 4.2 | |
| Valid ballot papers | 1,167 | 95.8 | |
| Total valid votes | 3,479 | ||
| SPD | 1,644 | 47.3 | 7th |
| CDU | 825 | 23.7 | 3 |
| The left | 585 | 16.8 | 2 |
| BI | 425 | 12.2 | 2 |
Former mayor
The full-time mayor Werner Groll was elected on June 29, 2003. Previously, on April 15, 2003 , the Thuringian Higher Administrative Court had declared the election of May 14, 2000 to be invalid because the mayor at the time had illegally placed an advertisement in the official section of the official gazette for his re-election.
On December 8, 2008, the municipality of Kamsdorf was granted a special permit by the Thuringian State Administration, which enables the election of a full-time mayor for the next election period 2009–2015. In this way, the independence of Kamsdorf is preserved, as communities with fewer than 3,000 inhabitants usually have to merge into larger units.
In the new election on June 7, 2009, Mayor Werner Groll was re-elected with an absolute majority.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on January 4, 1993.
Blazon : "In silver over a red mountain covered with a silver ear with a crossed mallet and iron, a black eagle turned to the right, hovering to the right."
The eagle is a symbol of belonging to Prussia from 1815 until after the Second World War. Mallets and irons stand for the long mining tradition, the ear for agriculture in and around Kamsdorf. The "Red Mountain" is a striking and at the same time the highest elevation in the municipality.
partnership
On March 26, 1993, the partnership with the municipality of Unterföhring in Bavaria was signed.
traffic
Kamsdorf is connected to the most important federal roads in the region by several state roads . The south-west L 1106 leads to Kaulsdorf and from there to the B85 . This state road also leads in a north-easterly direction to Könitz.
In the north there is the connection to Unterwellenborn with the L 1105. As part of the Unterwellenborn bypass, Kamsdorf has two direct entrances / exits to the B281 , which is also the connection to the A9 . In 2007 a bypass was opened for road traffic in Kamsdorf. A roundabout on the eastern outskirts connects the roads to Unterwellenborn, Kaulsdorf, Könitz and Goßwitz.
literature
- 650 years of Kleinkamsdorf. A look back. Municipality administration of Kleinkamsdorf, Kleinkamsdorf 1999.
- Rolf Weggässer: On the construction of the Kamsdorf bypass road. In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte. Vol. 53, Issue 5/6, 2007, ISSN 0485-5884 , pp. 147-150.
- Bernd Wiefel: At the foot of the Red Mountain. History of Groß- and Kleinkamsdorf from the beginnings to 1981. 2 volumes. Wiefel, Olbernhau 2008.
- Bernd Wiefel: On the early history of the windmill above the customs house near Kamsdorf. In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte. Vol. 53, Issue 3/4, 2007, pp. 98-101.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Woldemar Lippert , Hans Beschorner (ed.): The loan book of Frederick the Strict Margrave of Meissen and Landgrave of Thuringia 1349/1350 (= from the writings of the Saxon Commission for History. 8, ZDB -ID 573523-3 ). Teubner, Leipzig 1903, p. 232 .
- ↑ a b c Bernd Wiefel: From the life and struggle of the farmers in the 17th century. In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte. Vol. 34, Issue 1, 1988, p. 23 ff.
- ↑ Bernd Wiefel: In the field of vision of the Red Mountain. Copy from the parish archive Großkamsdorf. P. 52.
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 233.
- ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 7 2018 of July 5, 2018 , accessed on July 6, 2018
- ^ Pastor Liebetruth: The Church History of Großkamsdorf, Goßwitz and Kleinkamsdorf. A small contribution to the history of Thuringia. Parish office Kamsdorf.
- ↑ http://kamsdorf.de/amtsblaetter/1011.pdf ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Official Journal Kamsdorf from July 2009 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 637 kB)
- ↑ http://www.thovg.thueringen.de/webthfj/webthfj.nsf/$$pressearchivliste/D3F5C5772DBCB595C125754D004F18B2
- ↑ Official Journal Kamsdorf from January 2009 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 752 kB)
Web links
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