Oberamt Neuhof (Hochstift Fulda)

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The Oberamt Neuhof was a judicial and administrative unit of the clerical principality of Fulda and the principality of Nassau-Oranien-Fulda as well as in the Electorate of Hesse .

history

Fulda

Spatially, the later Oberamt corresponds to the Zent Flieden. At the beginning of the documentary traditions, the center was organizationally divided into the office or court of Neuhof and Flieden.

The court / office of Flieden

Flieden was already in the 9th century in the midst of the Fulda possessions. The office had been directly subordinate to the Fulda abbot since the 11th century and was therefore pledged despite the financial difficulties of the Fulda monastery. The von Küchenmeister family owned the bailiwick . These had originally been fuldische Ministeriale and held the office as hereditary fiefdom. In the second half of the 16th century the independence of the Flieden Office ended and the Neuhof Office took over the tasks.

The court / office of Neuhof

Corner bastion of Neuhof Palace

The name Neuhof ( Latin Nova Curia , mhd. Nuwenhof ) was mentioned for the first time in 1239. It comes from the noble family von Neuhof (lat. De nova curia ) or from the moated castle of the same name of the Fulda prince abbots , which was originally built as a castle. Individual representatives of the Neuhof family were probably Burgmannen . Around 1250 Prince Abbot Heinrich IV von Erthal (1249–1261) had Neuhof Castle fortified with new walls, fences and trenches. Neuhof Palace became the focus of the office of the same name. Castle and office were exchanged in 1308 by Abbot Heinrich for Ludwig von Frankenstein, but the property was returned in 1317. In the following decades there were several pledges. In 1330 the brothers Friedrich and Frowin von Hutten were appointed officials in the Neuhof office. The purpose of this establishment was to secure a £ 200 Heller loan. In the same year it was sold to the kitchen master and Dietrich Gutel. In 1359 it was pledged to von Küchenmeister and von Eberstein. In the course of the 15th century, Fulda succeeded in redeeming the pledges and at the end of the century was in sole possession of the office.

In the 18th century the office was called Oberamt. Formally, a noble bailiff was at its head. However, this office was sinecure at the end of the HRR . In fact, the chief official was actually the bailiff.

Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda

The Principality of Nassau-Oranien-Fulda came into being on the basis of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803. With regard to jurisdiction and administration, the rulers' ordinance on January 8, 1803 reorganized the existing offices. The Oberamt Neuhof was only expanded to include Geringshaut . The office was now called an office of the first class.

Grand Duchy of Frankfurt

In 1806 the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda was occupied by the French and in 1810 it became part of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . During the French era , the office belonged to the Fulda department as the Neuhof district mairie , and nothing changed in terms of the structure (see court organization in the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt ). In particular, the separation of the judiciary from the administration was not introduced.

Kurhessen

According to the final act of the Congress of Vienna on July 9, 1815, the office was transferred to the Kingdom of Prussia . This transferred the office on October 16, 1815 to the Electorate of Hesse . The Neuhof office was expanded to include some localities from the Fulda and Johannesberg Centers. It now comprised: Büchenberg, Buchenrod, Döllbach, Dorfborn, Eichenried, Ellers, Flieden, Hattenhof, Höf and Haid, Kauppen, Kerzell, löschenrod, Magdlos, Mittelkalbach, Neustadt, Niederkalbach, Opperz, Rommerz, Rothemann, Rückers, Schweben, Stork, Veitsteinbach, Weidenau, Ziegel and Ziellbach. In 1822 the administration of justice was separated from the administration. The administrative functions were transferred to the Fulda district , the judicial function to the Neuhof justice office .

scope

At the end of the HRR , the Oberamt consisted of Büchenberg , Buchenrod , Döllbach , Dorfborn , Eichenried , Ellers , Flieden , Hattenhof , Höf and Haid , Kauppen , Magdlos , Mittelkalbach , Neustadt , Niederkalbach , Opperz , Rommerz , Rückers , Schweben , Stork , Veitsteinbach and Zillbach .

Personalities

literature

  • Anneliese Hofemann: Studies on the development of the territory of the imperial abbey of Fulda and its offices. 1958, pp. 136-141.
  • Fuldaer Land / Rommerz in the 19th century from Heinrich Jakob Stöhr: Concept, scope and organization of the state of Fulda in the 19th century in the Fuldaer Geschichtsbl Blätter 1934
  • Of the Princely Hochstift Fulda State and Stand Calendar, 1800, p. 94, digitized