Weyher's office

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The Weyhers Office (historically also Weiher Office ) was a judicial and administrative unit of the clerical principality of Fulda and the principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda .

history

Weyher's office consisted of three parts with very different histories. Accordingly, the office was a patchwork of different rulership rights and the subject of many trials. The unifying element was the fact that all three parts belonged to the Fuldian central court Lütter vor der Hart.

Court of Lütter vdH

The starting point of the rule in the court of Lütter vdH was the Weyhers castle stable and the Ebersburg castle . These castles were the ancestral seat of the noble Ebersberg family called von Weyhers . On January 13, 1368, Abbot Heinrich VII transferred one half of the Lütter vdH court to Friedrich von Ebersberg, subject to the reservation of first purchase. In 1396 the von Ebersberg, called Steinrück von Steinau and von Weyhers received the Ebersberg with permission to rebuild the destroyed castle, from the Fulda prince Johann von Merlau as a fiefdom of Fulda .

In the following decades Fulda reacquired parts of the office. In 1413 Heinrich von Ebersberg sold his share to the Hochstift, in 1413 and 1415 Fulda bought shares in those of Haun and in 1416 the village of Ried from Simon von Steinau-Steinrück. In 1441 the abbot sold a quarter of the dish to Henne von Ebersbach. In 1450 a truce was signed between the heirs of Ebersburg Castle and the bishopric. In 1493 the bailiwicks in Ried, Rhönshausen and Heinefeld were redeemed and the bailiwicks of Schmalnau, Thalau and two estates in Niederlütter were acquired. A recourse from 1496 regulated that the named places should come under Fulda, Schmalnau and Thalau, however, under Ebersbergische Vogtei.

As a result of these deals, a condominate between Fulda and the Weyhers family had arisen in the middle of the 17th century , in which both parties held half. In 1654 the von Weyhers initiated a process against Fulda from the Reich Chamber of Commerce and demanded the Fulda half. The background was that the document from 1368 was lost (it did not appear again until 1777). For the time being, it was agreed to fill all civil servant positions twice. The two centographs should alternate each year. The residents had to pay homage to both rulers, and judgments were also made on behalf of both. Further trials followed in 1701, 1711 and 1713 to rectify this situation. In 1777 Fulda acquired the Weihersche half and was the sole owner of the court.

Parish Poppenhausen

The first documented mentions of the ownership structure in Poppenhausen come from 1327, when the brothers Traboto and Heinrich von Steinau undertook not to carry out any fortifications without the consent of Fulda. Their property was a ful fief . In 1387 the Lords of Ebersberg are also named as Ganerbe. The background was a feud between the Ganerbe and Fulda, which was settled by the Bishop of Mainz in 1388 after Fulda had failed to take Poppenhausen Castle. While a truce between the Ganerbe and Fulda calmed the mutual relationship, there were further feuds of the Ganerbe described as robber barons against the Diocese of Würzburg, the Counts of Henneberg, the Counts of Hanau and Kurmainz in the following decades. Another feud with Fulda led to the capture of the castle by Fulda troops in 1459. In 1470 the von Steinau, von Steinrück and von Ebersberg families got the castle back, but had to recognize the sovereignty of Fulda.

In 1571 the von Berlepsch family received a quarter of the parish from Hand and Georg von Ebersbach and in 1611 another quarter. In the 17th century von Berlepsch led long-term lawsuits for imperial immediacy. In 1699 Fulda acquired the von Berlepsch's share and later another share from Thüngen's. In 1709 Fulda acquired the rest of Heinrich von Mansbach . This had acquired his share from the bishopric in 1686. Fulda was the sole owner here as well.

Parish of Gersfeld

Gersfeld was originally a Fulcrum. In 1359 Fulda received the right from the emperor to set up city fortifications for Gersfeld (which, however, was initially not implemented). In 1350, Schneeberg received the Gersfeld moated castle as a fiefdom. In 1402, however, the Bishop of Würzburg forced von Schneeberg to receive Gersfeld as a Würzburg fief. In 1406 the Würzburg Abbey conquered the castle and captured Hermann von Schneeberg and his family. Würzburg transferred the conquered Gersfeld to Hans von Steinau. In 1428 Würzburg pledged the office to Heinrich von Ebersberg and appointed him bailiff. In 1435 there was a lawsuit in which the von Schneeberg family sold their claims to Ebersberg for 1550 gulden.

Even if the parish of Gersfeld actually belonged to the Würzburg monastery, Würzburg recognized the Fulda sovereignty and central jurisdiction. As part of the agreement of 1777, Fulda renounced his claims to the office and a separate center Gersfeld was formed, which Würzburg was entitled to.

Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda

The Principality of Nassau-Oranien-Fulda came into being on the basis of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803. With regard to jurisdiction and administration, the rulers' ordinance on January 8, 1803 reorganized the existing offices. Weyher's office was expanded to include Altenhof, Lütter with Memlos, Melters with Hattenroth, Ried and Sieblos. The office now bore the designation of an office II class.

Grand Duchy of Frankfurt

In 1806 the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda was occupied by the French and in 1810 it became part of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . In the French times, the name of the office was District Fairie Weyhers , the structure did not change (see court organization in the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt ). In particular, the separation of the judiciary from the administration was not introduced.

According to the final act of the Congress of Vienna on July 9, 1815, the office was transferred to the Kingdom of Prussia . This transferred the office on October 16, 1815 to the Electorate of Hesse and this changed the office without the villages of Melters and Hattenroth with the treaty of March 20, 1816 with Austria. On April 14, 1816, Austria gave its share to Bavaria. In Bavaria, the Weyhers Regional Court was established in 1817 .

Scope of office

In 1790 Abtsroda , Altenfeld , Ebersburg, Gackenhof , Gichenbach , Hettenhausen , Lütter , Poppenhausen , Rodholz , Schmalnau , Steinwand , Thalau and Weyhers were named as part of the office.

Personalities

(Senior) officers

Magistrates

literature

  • Anneliese Hofemann: Studies on the development of the territory of the imperial abbey of Fulda and its offices. 1958, pp. 160-167.
  • Fuldaer Land / Rommerz in the 19th century from Heinrich Jakob Stöhr: Concept, scope and organization of the state of Fulda in the 19th century in the Fuldaer Geschichtsbl Blätter 1934
  • Of the Princely Hochstift Fulda State and Stand Calendar, 1800, p. 95, digitized

Coordinates: 50 ° 29 '13.6 "  N , 9 ° 48' 0.7"  E