Steinau called Steinrück

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Atonement coat of arms of the Steinau called Steinrück

Steinau called Steinrück or Steinau-Steinrück is the name of an old Franconian ( Buchonian ) noble family . Originally it only had the name Steinau , under which it was first mentioned in 1102. After the abbot murder in Fulda in 1271, his castle in Steinau was destroyed and he was prohibited from wearing his previous coat of arms . Only 100 years later its members were able to build a new castle in Poppenhausen . It belonged to the knight canton of Rhön-Werra .

history

Steinau family castle

The first mentions of the knight dynasty can be found shortly after the turn of the century to the 12th century. In 1105 Dittmar, Vinnod and Friedrich von Steinaha sealed a certificate from Hersfeld . 1197 is Eberhard von Steinau as a witness on a document of the Fulda prince Heinrich III. called by Kronberg . In 1269 Giso von Steinau sold a fishery near Schlitz. In the same year the castle in Steinau is mentioned for the first time.

On April 15, 1271, Giso von Steinau was one of the leaders in the murder of Prince Abbot Bertho II von Leibolz, along with Heinrich and Albert von Ebersberg . This happened because the Buchonian knighthood saw its rights impaired by the abbot and therefore no longer wanted to meet their feudal obligations. Bertho responded by having some castles destroyed and sometimes draconian punishment for their owners. Among other things, Hermann von Ebersberg was publicly beheaded. The von Steinau family was closely related to the von Ebersberg family. After the public execution, the knights were upset and outraged and swore bloody vengeance on the abbot. On the morning of April 15, 1271, the conspirators stabbed Bertho on the altar steps of the abbey church during high mass . He bled to death from numerous stab wounds. After the crime, the perpetrators fled to the nearby Steinau Castle.

The Mönchskovent immediately elected Bertho III. from Mackenzell to the new abbot, who immediately began to pursue the conspirators. When he arrived in Steinau, they had already fled further. The Knights were the horsemen of the abbot in Kirchhasel in the local fortified church , caught up in what they had barricaded themselves and there massacred. Giso von Steinau was also among those killed. According to Georg Landau , of the 32 knights on horseback and 20 foot soldiers, only Heinrich and Albert von Ebersberg escaped, about whom the news was spread that they were wheeled in Frankfurt .

As a result, Ebersburg Castle was destroyed by the abbot's troops and all goods belonging to the von Steinau and von Ebersberg families were confiscated. Steinau Castle was spared because Giso's brother Hermann and Friedrich von Schlitz, who owned half of the castle, were not involved in the abbot murder. Giso was childless. His brother Hermann, known as "the Tall One", began to oppose the prince abbey after a while, whereupon his half of Steinau Castle was destroyed in 1286 by prince Abbot Markward II and he himself was expelled from the country .

Gisos and Hermann's sister was married to Friedrich von Schlitz, and Friedrich's descendants, who continued to own the undestroyed half of Steinau Castle, subsequently called themselves von Schlitz called von Steinau.

Based in Poppenhausen

In 1298 Hermann was allowed to take over a farm in Poppenhausen with the express prohibition of building a castle there. Hermann had two sons named Trabodo and Heinrich. One of their descendants named Heinrich II. Was named Steinau-Steinrück from 1361. After a hundred years of peaceful life, a time of confrontation with the prince abbey began again from 1388. The construction of Poppenhausen Castle, completed around 1391, together with the Ebersbergers, was a violation of the requirements. At the same time, raids began again in the surrounding area, which they also extended into the Franconian and Thuringian areas. To protect against such, the waiting towers around Fulda were built in the 14th century .

Landgrave Balthasar of Thuringia and the prince abbots Johann I von Merlau from Fulda and Gerhard von Schwarzburg from Würzburg allied in 1393 to take the castle with a large warband. However, they did not succeed in doing this either in the assault or after a long siege. Among the defenders were Simon, Otto and Carl von Steinau-Steinrück. After this victory, the von Steinau-Steinrück began with ever larger raids. In 1394 they are said to have moved with 500 sticks against Friedrich von Henneberg , where there was a battle near Hain with 150 dead on the side of the count's troops. When the Ebersburg was built by the Ebersbergers, those from Steinau-Steinrück were involved as inheritors . After protests by Johann von Merlau against the reconstruction, the Ebersbergers had to take the vassal oath .

On April 23, 1400, Hans von Steinau-Steinrück and Thomas von Ebersberg attacked the town of Brückenau . As in Greek mythology with the Trojan horse , they smuggled soldiers into the city hidden in wine barrels . However, after the looters had started robbing, the Brückenauers, who were initially surprised, resisted and drove them out of the city without loot. In 1403 the two knight families plundered again in Henneberg territory.

In 1451 Jakob von Steinau-Steinrück was named as one of the nobles who, on behalf of Prince-Bishop Gottfried von Würzburg, Emperor Friedrich III. accompanied as an escort of honor to the imperial coronation in Rome. Friedrich married during the trip and hit some nobles knights, including Jacob during the celebrations. The same Jacob was in feud in 1459 with the Hochstift Fulda under Bishop Reinhard von Weilnau . The bishop's troops triumphed in the armed conflict, took the castle in Poppenhausen and plundered it. Only because of the intercession of Georg von Henneberg were they left their property.

A feud of the line in 1470 is mentioned for the last time when Heinrich von Henneberg triumphed against Otto and Hildebrand von Steinau-Steinrück and took and plundered their castle. More than 200 years of wars and feuds had drained the power of sex. The name appears a few more times in matters of inheritance. By 1615 at the latest, the entire former property in the Fulda area was owned by the prince abbey.

Line in Lower Franconia

The aforementioned Jakob von Steinau-Steinrück and his brother Hans bought Burg Lure near Burglauer for 2,800 guilders from the Würzburg Prince-Bishop Johann II von Brunn . The brothers expanded their property there in the following years and appeared there as the dominant sex in the middle of the 15th century. In 1459 the inheritance was divided between the brothers, when Hans received the possessions in Burglauer. He died in 1469 and his son Bernhard and his heirs were in 1470 by Otto Graf Henneberg with the court and castle Burglauer invested . Bernhard von Steinau-Steinrück had the church of Burglauer built between 1500 and 1508 . He died in 1508. His epitaph and the tombs of his three wives are still in the church today.

Bernhard's son Wolf von Steinau-Steinrück sold the fiefdom in Burglauer back to the Würzburg monastery for the former purchase price of 2,800 guilders in 1521. He himself lived in Euerbach , where a castle was built by him or his descendants. The Steinauers bought the first half of the village in the middle of the 15th century and in 1604 the second half from the von Bibra family . From 1706 at the latest, they no longer had any properties there.

Wolf von Steinau-Steinrück's grave slab is in the St. Johannis Church in Schweinfurt. There was also the tomb of Margaretha von Steinau zu Euerbach († May 3, 1631), born von Selbitz , widow of Hans von Steinau.

The noble family still exists today.

Coat of arms and memory

Coat of arms elements in municipal coats of arms

The original coat of arms of the sex showed a silver half flight with a sword on a red background.

After the abbot murder, he was forbidden to wear the same and they had to carry a “atonement coat of arms” showing three wheels in the shield. The coat of arms used to have six and later only five spokes .

Old coat of arms

Atonement crest

memory

The Steinrück residential area in the Ebersberg district of Ebersburg is named after the noble family.

In Poppenhausen the town hall is located on Von-Steinrück-Platz and the town house there is called Von-Steinrück-Haus .

Poppenhausen awards the Von Steinrück Medal for special voluntary commitment .

Steinau is the community center at the Von-Giso Street and as Giso of Steinau house named.

Personalities

Epitaphs

  • Wolf von Steinau († 1585), St. Johannis in Schweinfurt

  • Wolf von Steinau-Steinrück († 1564), St. Cosmas and Damian in Euerbach

  • One of the wives of Wolf von Steinau with the Steinau coat of arms, St. Cosmas and Damian in Euerbach

  • ? with Steinauer coat of arms, St. Cosmas and Damian in Euerbach

  • ? with Steinauer coat of arms, St. Michael in Lohr am Main

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Steinau called Steinrück  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cord Ulrichs: From the feudal court to the imperial knighthood - structures of the Franconian lower nobility at the transition from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-515-07109-1 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m K. A. Gerlach: The Knights of Steinau-Steinrück. In: Beech leaves - supplement of the Fuldaer Zeitung for friends of home. Volume 45, number 12, June 2, 1972 (pp. 45/46 in the Fuldaer Zeitung ).
  3. ^ Fritz Luckhard : Regesten der Herren von Ebersberg called von Weyhers in the Rhön. Parzeller Verlag, Fuldaer Geschichtsverein, 1963, p. XIII (introduction).
  4. ↑ See: Benjamin Rudolph, Aninna Hilfenhaus: The continuity of the unstable: the ruin Ebersburg (Rhön) between ruin and restoration. In: Fulda history association: Fulda history sheets. Volume 82 (2006), Rindt-Druck, Fulda, pp. 10-12; since there is no evidence of this in the Frankfurt files, it seems at least doubtful whether this really happened.
  5. ^ Justus Schneider: The knight castles of the former Fulda Abbey. In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies. New series Seventeenth Volume (The whole series XXVII. Volume) Kassel, 1892, pp. 121–175, here: 135–136 ( books.google.de ).
  6. ^ Georg Landau : Description of the Electorate of Hesse. Fischer, Kassel 1842, p. 487 ( books.google.de ).
  7. ^ Wilhelm Helmer: The waiting towers around Fulda. In: Beech leaves - supplement of the Fuldaer Zeitung for friends of home. 51st year number 15, August 12, 1978 (pp. 57–59 in the Fuldaer Zeitung).
  8. ↑ a b c Burglauer - cellar vault is still reminiscent of a proud castle on rhoenundsaalepost.de from February 14, 2014; accessed on May 4, 2016
  9. ↑ see Article on Euerbach
  10. ↑ Euerbach on schweinfurtfuehrer.de; accessed on May 4, 2016.
  11. ^ History and description of the St. Johannis Church in Schweinfurt on schweinfurtfuehrer.de; Extract from the chronicle of the city of Schweinfurt by Heinrich Christian Beck from the year 1836, accessed on May 4, 2016.
  12. ↑ a b 850 years Poppenhausen - Rhön bread and beer market - big festival on osthessen-zeitung.de from 10 July 2015; accessed on May 4, 2016.
  13. ↑ coat of arms of Euerbach on historisches-unterfranken.uni-wuerzburg.de; accessed on May 4, 2016
  14. ^ Website of the Poppenhausen community , accessed on May 4, 2016.
  15. ^ Website of the Petersberg community ; accessed on May 9, 2016.
  16. ↑ Steinau-Steinrück, Hans von in the German biography