Nassau-Orange-Fulda
.svg){kind=small} Territory in the Holy Roman Empire |
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| Nassau-Orange-Fulda | |
| coat of arms | |
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| Alternative names | Principality of Nassau-Fulda, Principality of Fulda and Corvey |
| Arose from | Fulda Abbey, Corvey Abbey, other areas |
| Form of rule | principality |
| Ruler / government |
Prince
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| Capitals / residences | Fulda |
| Dynasties | Orange Nassau |
| Language / n |
German
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| Incorporated into |
Grand Duchy of Frankfurt
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The Principality of Nassau-Oranien-Fulda (sometimes also Principality of Fulda and Corvey ) existed from 1802 to 1806 towards the end of the Old Kingdom. It was formed from the territories of the repealed imperial abbeys of Fulda and Corvey and a few other areas to compensate William V of Orange for the loss of the hereditary governorship of the Netherlands .
prehistory
Fulda Monastery
The Fulda Monastery was founded in 744 by Sturmius on behalf of Winfried Bonifatius , became the nucleus of the city of Fulda and was a spiritual principality in the Holy Roman Empire . The Abbey was in 1752 by Pope Benedict XIV. To the Bishopric collected Fulda.
Corvey Monastery
Corvey Monastery was one of the most important monasteries in the early Middle Ages and developed into a cultural, spiritual and economic center in the Saxon region in the 9th and 10th centuries . The Pope abolished the monastery in 1792, but elevated Prince Abbot Theodor von Brabeck to Prince-Bishop and the abbey area to the diocese (= bishopric ). In 1794 the certificate was issued by the emperor and the new diocese, which only included the area of the former imperial abbey, was placed under the ecclesiastical province of Mainz .
William V of Orange
After the death of his father on October 22, 1751, Wilhelm V of Orange became the hereditary governor of the Netherlands - initially under the tutelage of his mother, then from 1759 by Duke Ludwig Ernst of Braunschweig . Under the influence of his wife, the Prussian Princess Wilhelmine , a conflict began with the opposition patriotic movement led by Joan Derk van der Capellen, Hendrik Hooft and Jan Bernd Bicker . With Prussian help, the power of the patriots was broken in 1787. The governor , who was considered incompetent , was expelled by the French Revolutionary Army in 1795 and fled to England.
Establishment of the principality
In 1801 negotiations began which envisaged the area of the former abbeys of Fulda and Corvey and other areas as secular principality for Wilhelm V as compensation for the governorship of the Netherlands. In anticipation of this, Prussia occupied the designated areas. Wilhelm V accepted the negotiated solution that set him up as Prince of Fulda, Prince of Corvey, Count of Dortmund and Herr von Weingarten at the beginning of 1802 and soon afterwards ceded these areas to his son Wilhelm Friedrich , who from October 1802 as Prince ruled in Fulda.
The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 legalized the formation of the principality:
“To the Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, as compensation for the governorship, and his domains in Holland and Belgium: the dioceses of Fulda and Corvey; the imperial city of Dortmund; the Weingarten Abbey, the Abteyen and Probsteyen Hofen, St. Gerold in Weingartischen, Bandern in the Lichtenstein region, Dietkirchen in Nassau, as well as all chapters, Abteyen, [514] Probsteyen and monasteries in the allotted lands; on condition that the existing claims to certain inheritances which have been recognized by France earlier and which have been united with the Nassau-Dillenburg Majorate in the course of the last century are satisfied. "
Wilhelm Friedrich founded the Evangelical Congregation in Fulda in 1803. After secularization , the University of Fulda was dissolved by Wilhelm Friedrich in 1805 and an academic lyceum and grammar school were founded instead . He tried to reorganize the administration in the Prussian style.
The End
At the beginning of the Fourth Coalition War at the beginning of August 1806, Prince Wilhelm Friedrich took over command of a Prussian division in the fight against Napoléon Bonaparte , but had to capitulate after the battle of Jena on October 15 with 10,000 men in Erfurt . Napoleon declared him forfeit of his lands, leaving him only with his private estates in Poznan and Silesia . French troops occupied the principality. As part of the Grand Duchy of Berg, Dortmund became the seat of the prefecture of the Ruhr department . Corvey became part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807 , and the province of Fulda was part of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt of the Prince-Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg from 1810 as the Fulda Department .
At the Congress of Vienna Wilhelm Friedrich could not enforce the claims to his German hereditary lands. However, on March 30, 1814, he was enthroned under the name Willem I in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam as the Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands. The province of Fulda was given over to Kurhessen after a year of Prussian administration . Dortmund came to the Prussian province of Westphalia . Corvey became a royal Prussian domain. The clerical diocese of Corvey remained in existence until Ferdinand von Lüninck's death in 1825 and was then incorporated into the diocese of Paderborn .
Landgrave Viktor Amadeus von Hessen-Rotenburg , who was entitled to compensation in the late aftermath of the Congress of Vienna , received the media principality of Corvey from the King of Prussia as compensation, together with the media principality of Ratibor . With his will of 1825 he bequeathed these areas outside of Hesse to his nephew Viktor zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. The landgrave died in 1834 and when Viktor was of legal age in 1840, while renouncing his Schillingsfürster inheritance claims, he assumed the title Duke of Ratibor and Prince of Corvey .
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Steffen Patzold: The long way from the monastery to the city. Fulda in the time of the Carolingians and Ottonians. In: Wolfgang Hamberger et al. (Ed.): History of the city of Fulda. From the beginnings to the end of the Old Kingdom (see literature below) pp. 166–179.
- ^ Walter Heinemeyer, Berthold Jäger (Ed.): Fulda in his story. Landscape Imperial Abbey City
- ^ Exhibition "Wachse hoch, Oranien" in Fulda, 2013
- ↑ Cf. HStAM Best. Urk. 75 No. 2414 of October 22, 1805.