Nabburg Castle

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Nabburg Nursing Castle today
Nabburg after an engraving by Matthäus Merian from 1665
Nabburg Nursing Castle (back with city wall)

The listed Nabburg Castle is located in the Upper Palatinate municipality of Nabburg in the Schwandorf district of Bavaria (Obertor 12).

history

Nabburg is mentioned for the first time in 929 and experienced an ascent to an important margrave residence during the 11th and 12th centuries. The transition from a fortress to a bourgeois settlement took place in the 13th century after the area passed to the Wittelsbach family . In 1271 Nabburg was first referred to as civitas , while the name oppidum used to be common. But only in the ducal privilege of Duke Rudolf of 1296 are the Nabburgers confirmed their rights and Nabburg is included in the legal circle of Amberg .

On the Empire Veste Nabburg 1118 with a enters de Ludewicus Napurch first time the Ministerialengeschlecht the Nabburger on. This Ludewicus is in a Reichenbach tradition by Diepold III. expressly referred to as his servant and appears in this capacity in the Reichenbacher documents until 1135. 1125 is also as Ministeriale of Margrave Diepold III. a Reginbot of Nabburg named when the Steinbach estate was handed over. This Reinboto von Nabburg is said to have been the abbot of the Reichenbach monastery in 1125 and to have made the handover of the Ober- and Unterasbach estate from the Duchess Richza of Bohemia to the monastery for the margrave .

Richza of Bohemia, Duchess of Mödling

Sigebot and his two sons Theoderich and Sigebot the Younger and a Markward von Nabburg also appear as further Diepolding ministers . Apparently an allodification of the original service loan had occurred by 1193 , because when the Tiemo von Nabburg donated the property to the Reichenbach monastery, the gift was designated as an inheritance. Nabburgers appear again and again as witnesses, although it is not clear whether they belonged to a family or whether Nabburg only means a descent. The strong occupation of Nabburg by the Diepoldinger did not necessarily serve to defend the country against Bohemia , but was directed against the competing dynasty families of the Counts of Sulzbach or their successors, the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg .

As the successors of the Diepoldinger in the Mark Cham (1204) and between 1254 and 1256 also of their allodial goods in Nabburg, the Wittelsbachers succeeded in acquiring the estates scattered around Nabburg and rounding off the territory of the Upper Palatinate . This also resulted in the creation of a separate vice office north of the Danube. This was held around 1300 without a permanent seat at Burglengenfeld , Amberg and Nabburg. From 1326 at the latest, the seat of the court was permanently in Burglengenfeld and the three land registry offices Altendorf, Schwarzach and Nabburg were subordinate to this. Altendorf and Schwarzach were subsequently incorporated into the Nabburg office and appear in the Duke Surbar of 1326 as being in the Nabburg office. After the house contract of Pavia Nabburg came to Duke Rudolf and Duke Ruprecht of the Palatinate line of the Wittelsbach family. In 1338 Nabburg fell to Count Palatine Ruprecht II. After the death of Elector Rudolf II († 1353), Nabburg came to Duke Ruprecht the Younger, along with other possessions in northern Gaul . Under him a vice office Nabburg, independent of Amberg, was established, to which the offices of Neunburg vorm Wald , Wetterfeld , Murach and Treswitz belonged. This vice office existed until 1410. The following "vice domini" are attested: Knight Dietrich Kürner (1355), Johann Mertz (1356), Knight Dietrich Geiganter (1359-1362), Ulrich Schenk von Reicheneck (1363), Wilhelm von Brytzenheim (1367) and Ulrich Schenk von Reicheneck (1371–1373). Thereafter, the area was directly from Ruprecht III. administered, who had received the government of the Viztumamt Nabburg from his father in 1374. In 1410 the possessions were under the four sons of Ruprecht III. divided up. Nabburg came to Elector Ludwig III. As a result, Nabburg was reintegrated into Amberg. Nabburg remained a nursing office, although court days were held alternately in Amberg and Nabburg up to the 1970s and then - against the will of the Nabburgers - only in Amberg.

Since the beginning of the 14th century, (mostly) aristocratic carers were at the head of the administration . He was supported by Kastner and Landschreiber , who were responsible for the financial administration of the office. Judges appointed by the nurse acted as representatives of the nurse, but they had to be paid by him, which meant that the office of nurse and judge was exercised by one person. The last caretaker was Sigmund Count von Kreuth from 1793–1803 and the last judge was Franz Nepomuk Freiherr von Anethan . The Nabburg Nursing Office was a closed official area that was not penetrated by any other rule.

Laurentius Church of Nabburg

Nabburg Castle today

The castle is a mighty three-storey renaissance building , which is covered in the west with a hipped roof. It is located in the north-west of the old town, directly on the city wall in the area of ​​the old castle. The castle was built in the 16th century and rebuilt from 1750 according to plans by building commissioner Wolfgang Anton von Löwen.

Remnants of the curtain wall from the 15th century and a fountain with a granite basin from the 18th century have also been preserved. The Laurentiuskirche, the former castle chapel, is part of the complex; this is a late Gothic building, which shows the year 1489 on the choir arch.

Today the Nabburg land surveying office is housed in the former castle .

literature

  • Ingrid Schmitz-Pesch: Roding. The care offices Wetterfeld and Bruck (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Altbayern Heft 44). Commission for Bavarian History, Verlag Michael Lassleben, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7696-9907-6 .
  • Elisabeth Müller-Luckner: Nabburg (pp. 106-113). (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Altbayern booklet 50). Commission for Bavarian State History, Verlag Michael Laßleben , Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7696-9915-7 .

Web links

Commons : Schloss Nabburg  - collection of images

Coordinates: 49 ° 27 ′ 20.8 "  N , 12 ° 10 ′ 41.6"  E