Old Ettmannsdorf Castle

Hammerschloss Ettmannsdorf

Coat of arms above the entrance to the Ettmannsdorf hammer castle

Hammerschloss Ettmannsdorf with an adjacent power station

E-Werk operating building

E-works at the hammer lock

The old castle Ettmannsdorf (also called Hammerschloss Ettmannsdorf ) is a former hammer castle in today's district Ettmannsdorf of the Upper Palatinate town of Schwandorf (Ettmannsdorfer Straße 86).

history

Already in prehistoric times it was possible to cross the Naab in Ettmannsdorf via a ford . Ettmannsdorf is first mentioned in a document between 1010 and 1020, when the noble Diethard gave his estate “ Zetmasdorf ” to this Regensburg monastery when he entered the monastery of Sankt Emmeram . A Heinrich von Ettinesdorf appears as a witness in another monastery charter in 1135. In the 13th century, the Bavarian dukes received taxes from Ettmannsdorf. These are confiscated by the Pettendorf Office , which refers to the transfer of the possessions of the Lords of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld-Hopfenohe to the Wittelsbach family in 1119.

A mill in Ettmannsdorf is mentioned before 1439, although it must be taken into account that the water power could also be used to operate hammer mills . In the first half of the 15th century there was a Hans Kotz (called Wildkotz ) who had the Count Palatine Johann issue a letter of inheritance to operate a splint hammer. However, the plan did not come to fruition because of differences with the mill owner. But in 1445 Albrecht Frank, married to Hans Kotz's sister Elisabeth, bought the mill from the miller Cuntz Hofmiller and built it with the permission of Christoph III. next to the mill a rail and sheet metal hammer. On April 28, 1461, Albrecht Frank had the dukes Johann and Siegmund re- issue a hammer letter confirming his water rights. For this he had to pay 80 Regensburg pfennigs for the mill, 10 schillings for the Schienhammer and 60 Regensburg pfennigs for the Blechhammer to the box in Lengenfeld . In 1468 he was also given the right to obtain the wood necessary for the production of charcoal for the smithy from the forests of Lengenfeld . He obtained the ore from the Sulzbach ore district. He obtained the clay for lining the furnace from the so-called Techelberg. He was also the owner of the Heringnohe hammer . Frank was married to Barbara Theuerl († September 1, 1471; epitaph on the outer wall of the parish church of St. Marien in Sulzbach von Sulzbach ) and lived there as councilor, church clerk and nurse of the hospital († September 29, 1480). The next member of this great family is Wilhelm Frank, who also made a name for himself as an iron trader. Since 1461 he was married to Ursula Trainer, daughter of the Regensburg citizen Erasmus Trainer, and in the same year he also became a citizen of Regensburg († 1516, buried together with his wife in the church of St. Vitalis von Ettmannsdorf). Wilhelm Frank only died after his son; likewise his daughter Elisabeth died before him, married. Schmidmair, and his sons-in-law Hans Schmidmair, Lienhard Portner and Hans Schwäbl.

Wilhelm Frank's possessions were passed on to his daughter Anna, married Schwäbl. In 1526 their sons Kunz and Hans Schwäbl took over the hammer mill and the hammer fair . Because of their dissolute life, the hammer was withdrawn from them, but later awarded again. 1526 Jorg Sperber is named as hammer master.

On January 17, 1539 Hieronymus Zeller, chief secretary of Duke Ottheinrich , bought the property from Schwäbel's widow Walburga and her heirs. The purchase letter explicitly speaks of the Hofmark Ettmannsdorf. The high level of jurisdiction remained with the district judge in Burglengenfeld. In 1559 the letter of purchase from Duke Wolfgang von Pfalz Neuburg and Zweibrücken was confirmed to him. In 1552 Hieronymus von Zeller zu Ettmannsdorf appears as a Landsasse in the Neunburger Landtafel . In 1558 he joined the Upper Palatinate hammer cleaning company with his tin hammer . After his death († 1566) a guardian was appointed for his children and it was not until 1570 that his son Joachim Zeller was able to take over the property. On November 25, 1572, he sold his entire property for 17,000 fl to Hanns Neumayer zu Mirskofen and his housewife Juliane.

On June 27, 1573 Hanns Neumayer resigned from the compulsory Landsassen. After the death of his first wife, on May 6, 1588, he married Katharina von Sauerzapf, widow of Jacob Sauerzapf the Younger von Sulzbach. In 1595 he handed over his property to Wilhelm Neumayer, who took the oath on September 30, 1595. In 1600 he built the new hammer lock , which is now called the Old Castle , next to the hammer mill.

Hanns Neumayer died childless in early May 1622 and is also buried in St. Vitalis Church. His wife was installed as a universal heiress, and considerable bequests went to the infirmary in Sulzbach and his siblings. Katharina, who was in distress due to the property claims of the relatives, married the keeper of Wetterfeld , Pankratz von der Grün zu Burggrub. On September 1, 1625, he took the oath of feud for Ettmannsdorf. Since he was Protestant and resisted re-Catholicization , he had to sell Burggrub to his cousin Veit Friedrich Sauerzapf.

Because of the decline during the Thirty Years War , iron production in Ettmannsdorf also came to a standstill. During this desolate time, Pankratz von der Grün died, his widow Katharina was left alone. In 1641 Ettmannsdorf was destroyed by the soldiers of the Swedish Field Marshal Baner; the hammer mill, mill and sawmill were also "ruined". Katharina von der Grün was able to flee to her brother-in-law Johann Wilhelm Rußwurm von Haselbach; she died on February 2, 1646. She appointed Veit Philipp Sauerzapf von Schönhofen as her heir . Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm bought the Ettmannsdorf estate for cheap money and gave it to the Schwandorf nurse Hanns Christoph Rußwurm auf Haselbach and his wife Lucia (brother-in-law of the aforementioned Katharina) on September 3, 1650. His successor was Peter Wenzel von Rußwurm († 1705), Truchseß and carer from Hemau . He was married to Rosina Sophia, Countess von Kreith. In 1700 Peter Wenzel built the new castle in Ettmannsdorf, which later became the “Monastery of the Good Shepherd”.

As early as 1681 the court chamber of Neuburg pushed for an interest payment from the hammer. The hammer gentleman Wenzel von Rußwurm describes the work as a "ruin and dreary pile of stones". But he had the dilapidated Naabwehr repaired and redesigned the plant into a nail and hammer hammer . From March 1, 1791, the nail smith Franz Bauer from Schwarzenfeld leased the hammer mill. He tried to maintain the profitability of the plant through various innovations. The work is still attested in 1861, but there is talk of unprofitability and debts of the tenant.

In 1791 the lord of the court, Max von Spiering, had a glass melting facility and a grinding and polishing facility set up in the factory halls . The first tenant of Ettmannsdorfer Schleif was Josef Reiner, the administrator of Fronberg Castle . In 1864, Baron von Ziegler, the lord of the Hofmark, sold the unprofitable factory to the Nuremberg entrepreneurs "Julius and Therese Bachtenkirch von Stachelhausen". On September 6, 1864, the work was sold to Eduard Hahn, who set up a modern art mill here. On August 7, 1873, the work burned down, a mill boy was killed. Hahn had the mill rebuilt in 1874 (ground floor and one floor). He added a steam bakery to the factory. The company had to be auctioned on November 20, 1894 due to its lack of profitability.

In 1895 the property was bought by Oskar von Miller , the Bavarian pioneer of the electricity industry. This included the hammer lock , the bakery, the hammer mill building, the Lohmühle located on the Naabinsel on the right side of the Naab and the right to use water power. The mill and the chapel were demolished and the material used to raise the water weir. The E-Werk has always been brought up to date with the latest technology and is a profitable company.

Ettmannsdorf Castle today

When Eduard Hahn bought the unprofitable glass ribbon in 1867, he had also bought the hammer lock and had it redesigned in the neoclassical style. His daughter Theresia married the Kronach merchant Georg Melchior Silbermann on May 15, 1888 with a splendid wedding. A few years later the castle had to be sold to Oskar von Miller. Apartments were set up here for the employees and the operations manager of the electrical works. From 1945 to 1956, the community rented the house and set up the community office there. The church didn't particularly care about the building, which was near decay. In 1991 H. Dieter and Sybille Leushacke bought the castle and had it renovated according to old plans.

The castle is a two-story hipped roof building . Above the portal there is a coat of arms with the year 1600, this is an alliance coat of arms of Wilhelm Neumayr von Ettmannsdorf and Katharina Sauerzapf. The inscription reads: GGGWC / WNZ ET. / MDC. ( Spelled out: " G ott g ib G nade, W ilhelm, C atharina / W ilhelm Neumayer z u E ttmannsdorf / 1600"). There are four stone figures in the garden that symbolize the seasons.

The floor plan of the castle can be assigned to the Renaissance . On the ground floor there is a fireplace and a round arch from the 17th century. One pillar supports at least a third of the house's load. The groin vault is still preserved and was only interrupted by the installation of a staircase. The windows were changed in the 19th century. The building is characterized by a protruding pentagonal tower on the street side. An octagonal tower used to stand here; this had to be demolished in the 1950s due to dilapidation, but was rebuilt in its present form during the renovation in 1991. There is a covered loggia on one of the three-axis sides. The five-axis east side is richly structured by side risers and window reveals. The facade and color of the castle correspond to the design from 1890.

The former castle is still privately owned and can only be viewed from the outside.

literature

Nikol, Hans: Gut and Hammer Ettmannsdorf near Schwandorf. The Upper Palatinate , 1975, Volume 63, pp 143-149.
Weingärtner, Hans: Ettmannsdorf 1010 - 2010. A thousand years of village history must not be forgotten. Self-published: Burglenfeld, 2010.

Web links

Commons : Altes Schloss Ettmannsdorf - Collection of images, videos and audio files

49.32896 12.08318 356Coordinates: 49 ° 19 ′ 44.3 " N , 12 ° 4 ′ 59.4" E